Ni-P-PTFE自润滑镀层的耐磨性能及其增强机理研究

采用化学复合镀技术将纳米聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)微粒沉积到化学镀Ni-P镀层中。扫描电镜(SEM)表明:镀层内PTFE微粒分散均匀,与Ni-P镀层结合紧密。摩擦磨损实验表明:在100N作用下,Ni-P-PTFE镀层的摩擦因数约为0.03,具有良好的摩擦学性能。热处理后的摩擦磨损实验表明:经热处理后,镀层仍具有较低的摩擦因数和良好的耐磨性能。     

周期换向脉冲电沉积纳米Al2O3-Ni复合镀层的摩擦磨损性能

直流、周期换向脉冲纳米复合镀层在WM-2005-1型摩擦磨损试验机上,考察其摩擦磨损性能.采用扫描电镜观察镀层及磨损表面形貌,分析磨损机理.结果表明,周期换向脉冲复合镀层的形貌、耐磨性能优于直流复合镀层;载荷和转速对两种复合镀层的摩擦磨损性能有很大影响.     

电刷镀镍／镍包纳米Al2O3颗粒复合镀层微动磨损性能研究

应用电刷镀技术制备了含有镍包钠米Al2O3颗粒的镍基复合镀层，与快速镍镀层对比考察了该复合镀层高温硬度的变化，同时还从微动磨损角度考察了该复合镀层耐磨性和摩擦因数的变化。结果表明：与快速镍镀层相比，镍／镍包纳米Al2O3复合镀层具有更高的高温硬度和更好的抗微动磨损性能；复合镀层在400℃左右表现出较明显的强化趋势，具有较好的综合性能；纳米Al2O3颗粒使复合镀层的结构致密和细化，在磨损过程中起到了一定的减轻粘着和降低摩擦的作用；复合镀层的微动磨损机理主为要粘着磨损。     

可溶性阳极电刷镀纳晶Ni-P-SiC复合镀层的耐磨损性能

采用可溶性镍阳极电刷镀方法,在铜片上制备了Ni-P纳晶镀层和Ni-P-SiC复合镀层,镀层表面平整、致密、无裂纹.纳米颗粒的加入没有改变镀层的纳米晶结构,对镀层磷含量影响不大.硬度测试和摩擦磨损试验表明:纳米SiC的加入起到细晶强化和弥散强化作用,可以提高镀层的硬度和耐磨性能:添加纳米颗粒后镀层磨损方式由黏着磨损转变为磨粒磨损.     

载重汽车销轴表面改性及其摩擦磨损性能的研究

在载重汽车销轴基材40Cr钢表面制备Ni-WC纳米复合镀层,实现表面改性,以期提高销轴表面的摩擦磨损性能。观察并分析了纳米复合镀层的表面形貌和微观结构,检测了纳米复合镀层的结合强度、硬度及摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:纳米复合镀层表面较平整、结构致密,与基材结合牢固,其硬度平均值为6 081MPa,约为基材的1.3倍;其平均摩擦因数约为0.35,磨损失重约为1.83mg,均比基材的低。低孔隙率、致密结构和高硬度,使纳米复合镀层具有良好的摩擦磨损性能。     

(Ni-P)-纳米TiO2微粒化学复合镀层的摩擦特性

通过对化学镀Ni-P合金,化学复合镀（Ni-P)-微米SiC微粒复合镀层和化学复合镀（Ni-P)-纳米TiO2微粒复合镀层研究与比较,探讨了化学复合镀（Ni-P)-纳米TiO2微粒复合镀层的摩擦学特性;研究发现化学复合镀（Ni-P)-纳米TiO2微粒复合镀层由于其良好的组织与性能,滑动磨损过程中具有低的摩擦系数和高的耐磨性。这种良好的摩擦学特性在高载荷下更为突出。     

Ni-P-纳米Al2O3复合镀层耐磨性能研究

本文通过在Ni-P合金化学镀液中加入纳米α-Al2O3颗粒,获得Ni–P–纳米Al2O3复合镀层。采用SEM对Ni–P–Al2O3复合镀层的表面形貌进行分析;采用EDX对复合镀层中的元素进行分析;用显微硬度计测量了不同Al2O3质量分数下镀层的硬度值;通过MM-W1立式万能摩擦磨损试验机对复合镀层的磨损性能进行了评价,并分析了复合镀层的磨损机理。结果表明:纳米Al2O3的加入可以增加镀层的硬度,并能有效地降低摩擦副之间的犁沟效应及摩擦表面发生粘着的面积,从而减少镀层的磨损。     

Ni-P/nano-Al_2O_3复合镀层的制备及性能

以汽车模具配件—导柱常用的20Cr钢为基材,在其表面制备Ni-P/nano-Al_2O_3复合镀层及普通Ni-P镀层。对Ni-P/nano-Al_2O_3复合镀层的微观形貌、晶相结构、显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能进行了测试与分析,并与Ni-P镀层和基材进行了对比。结果表明,Ni-P/nano-Al_2O_3复合镀层的晶粒细小,结构更加致密,显微硬度平均值可达到436.4 HV,高于Ni-P镀层的357.3 HV和基材的190HV;与Ni-P镀层相比,Ni-P/nano-Al_2O_3复合镀层能更有效地改善基材的摩擦磨损性能。NanoAl_2O_3颗粒复合量对Ni-P/nano-Al_2O_3复合镀层的显微硬度和摩擦磨损质量损失率有一定影响,增加颗粒复合量可以提高复合镀层的显微硬度,改善其摩擦磨损性能。     

Ni-Fe-PTFE复合镀层的制备及表征

在低碳钢表面电沉积Ni-Fe-PTFE复合镀层。研究了PTFE的质量浓度对Ni-Fe-PTFE复合镀层的表面形貌、显微硬度、耐蚀性及摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明:随着PTFE的质量浓度的增加,Ni-Fe-PTFE复合镀层的摩擦因数先减小后增大,自腐蚀电位先正移后向负移;当PTFE的质量浓度为9g/L时,Ni-Fe-PTFE复合镀层的摩擦因数最小,耐蚀性最好,显微硬度也最低。     

配副材料对镍-磷-碳化硅化学复合镀层摩擦磨损性能的影响

利用化学复合镀技术制备了Ni-P-SiC复合镀层,研究了镀层的表面形貌、组织、显微硬度等性能,并对比研究了不同配副材料对Ni-P-SiC复合镀层和Ni-P镀层摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明,Ni-P-SiC复合镀层的显微硬度较Ni-P镀层有所提高;与GCr15钢球对磨时,Ni-P-SiC复合镀层发生严重的塑性变形和粘着磨损,但磨损率比Ni-P镀层稍有降低;与Si3N4陶瓷球对磨时,两者的磨损率相当,且均比与GCr15球对磨时小1个数量级,其主要磨损机理为磨粒磨损。配副材料的磨损率变化规律与镀层一致。在一定条件下,陶瓷材料与Ni-P镀层或Ni-P-SiC复合镀层是较匹配的摩擦副。     

Wear-resistant ceramic coatings deposited by liquid thermal spraying

As a surface strengthening and surface modification technology of materials, liquid thermal spray technology has been used in many fields, such as wear and friction reduction, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature oxidation resistance. This article reviews the progress of liquid thermal sprayed coating in wear resistance as well as friction reduction in recent years. The influences of microstructure, composition, phase structure and mechanical properties on the tribological properties of typical coatings (including ceramic coatings and multiphase composite coatings) are investigated. The tribological properties of the coating are determined by the coating characteristics (including microstructure, porosity, mechanical properties, etc.) and the service conditions (working temperature, lubrication state, etc.). Typical ceramic wear-resistant coatings include Al₂O₃, YSZ, HA coatings, etc. The tribological properties of the coating can be significantly improved through process optimization and heat treatment. The comparison of nanostructured and microstructured ceramic-based coating reveals that nanostructured coating reduces wear by absorbing stress. The interaction between different constituent phases improves wear resistance and reduces wear in composite coatings. Finally, various challenges faced by liquid thermal spray are pointed out, and future research focuses are proposed.     

Effect of MoS2/PTFE coatings on performance of Si3N4/TiC ceramics in dry sliding against WC/Co

To enhance the tribological performance of Si₃N₄/TiC ceramics, MoS₂/PTFE composite coatings were deposited on the ceramic substrate through spraying method. The micrographs and basic properties of the MoS₂/PTFE coated samples were investigated. Dry sliding friction experiments against WC/Co ball were performed with the coated ceramics and traditional ones. These results showed that the composite coatings could significantly reduce the friction coefficient of ceramics, and protect the substrate from adhesion wear. The primary tribological mechanisms of the coated ceramics were abrasive wear, coating spalling and delamination, and the tribological property was transited from slight wear to serious wear with the increase of load because of the lower surface hardness and shear strength. The possible mechanisms for the effects of MoS₂/PTFE composite coatings on the friction performance of ceramics were discussed.     

Self-lubricating epoxy composite coating with linseed oil microcapsule self-healing functionality

Cured epoxy resins have poor abrasion resistance, which shortens the service life of the material. This work aims to improve the tribological properties of epoxy resins by coupling self-lubrication and auto-healing. In this study, linseed oil microcapsules with an average particle size of 38.57 μm and good thermal stability were successfully prepared by in situ polymerization. The effects of microcapsule content on the tribological, mechanical, and self-healing properties of the composite coatings were studied. It was demonstrated that the composite coating has outstanding self-lubricating properties. The coefficient of friction reduced from 0.634 (pure epoxy resin) to 0.0459 (epoxy resin with 10 wt.% linseed oil microcapsules). Wear rate reduced from 7.16 × 10⁻⁴ mm³/(N m) to 1.74 × 10⁻⁵ mm³/(N m). The self-lubricating mechanism of the coating was investigated by SEM and EDS, which indicated that the formation of uniform and continuous lubricating film on the surface of the friction pairs was the key to improving the wear resistance of the material. In addition, the linseed oil released after the microcapsules rupture can repair the abrasion marks by reacting with oxygen during the friction process. The dual-functional effect of linseed oil microcapsules prolongs the life of epoxy resin coating and expands its application range.     

Preparation and Tribological Properties of Polyamide 11/Graphene Coatings

Polyamide 11/graphene coatings were prepared through a spraying method with as-prepared organophilic graphene. The tribological results showed that the wear life of composite coatings was obviously higher than that of neat Polyamide 11 coating; however, the values of friction coefficients had hardly changed. The optimal content of graphene in the range of our experiments was 0.4 wt%, and the wear life of the composite coating increased by 460%–880% compared with that of pristine Polyamide 11 coating. The morphology of worn surface for both pristine Polyamide 11 and the composites coatings was studied, and the wear mechanisms were discussed.     

Synergetic effect of fly ash cenospheres and multi-walled carbon nanotubes on mechanical and tribological properties of epoxy resin coatings

The multiform wear of friction pair components is the main cause of marine equipment failure and epoxy resin (EP) coatings have been widely used in this field. Fly ash cenospheres (FACs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were used to reinforce the tribological properties of EP coatings. The synergetic effects of FACs and MWCNTs on the mechanical and tribological properties of EP coatings were studied. Experimental results show that the tensile and flexural properties of FACs-MWCNTs/EP composites are significantly reinforced. The tribological performance of EP composite coatings under seawater conditions is improved by the synergetic effect of FACs and MWCNTs, especially, the 10 wt.% FACs-1 wt.% MWCNTs/EP coatings behave the most excellent tribological properties. It indicates that FACs can increase the hardness of EP coatings and provide a smoother surface for the water film formation, which decreases the friction coefficient and wear volume. MWCNTs can increase the elasticity modulus of EP, and act as a rope to prevent EP matrix and FACs from being desquamated.     

Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes as reinforced fibres on tribological behaviour of Ni–P electroless coatings

After multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were modified and dispersed uniformly in electrolyte, the MWNTs composite coatings were prepared by electroless deposition. Hardness tests were carried out using a Vickers Hardness indenter. The friction and wear behavior of the Ni–P–MWNTs composite coatings in carbon-steel rings were investigated by using a ring-on-plate wear tester at pure liquid paraffin. Moreover, the friction and wear behavior of nine kinds of wear combinations, which were composed of plates and rings of different composite coatings, were studied. The experimental results indicated that addition of MWNTs would result in an increase in microhardness and an improvement of tribological properties of the Ni–P composite coating significantly. The Ni–P–MWNTs composite coatings revealed lower wear rate and friction coefficient compared with Si–C composite coatings. Moreover, the wear combination, which composed of the Ni–P–MWNTs composite coatings, showed a more excellent ability of friction-reduction and wear resistance than other combinations, and their friction coefficient and wear rate were 0.1087 and 1.49 × 10^− 6 kg/m, respectively.     

纳米粒子化学复合镀的研究进展

回顾了有关纳米粒子化学复合镀层的研究进展,综述了纳米微粒在复合镀层中的作用,包括提高镀层的硬度、耐磨减摩性能、耐腐蚀性能、耐高温抗氧化性能、自润滑性能等,分析了影响纳米微粒化学复合镀的主要因素,并进一步论述了该领域现阶段的发展水平及存在的问题,预测了它的发展前景。     

Microstructural,mechanical and tribological properties of suspension plasma sprayed YSZ/h-BN composite coating

Brittleness, relative high friction coefficient and wear rate limit the applications of ceramic coatings as wear-resistant layers. However, because embedding additives with ceramic matrix has demonstrated to be an effective way to improve coating performances, different contents and size of h-BN were added into an YSZ suspension. Afterwards, the YSZ/h-BN composite coatings were manufactured by suspension plasma spray and their tribological analysis indicated that: i) the reduction of the friction coefficient and wear rate can be achieved by incorporating h-BN into YSZ coating. ii) finer h-BN particle is more helpful to enhance the tribological properties of the coating. iii) the optimum content is dependent on h-BN particle sizes. iv) when the contents and the size of the h-BN inclusion increase, the probability distribution of the micro-hardness can become bi-modal. Three worn surface conditions were summarized and their wear mechanisms were discussed as well.     

Tribological application of carbon nanotubes in a metal-based composite coating and composites

Ni-P-carbon nanotube (CNT) composite coating and carbon nanotube/copper matrix composites were prepared by electroless plating and powder metallurgy techniques, respectively. The effects of CNTs on the tribological properties of these composites were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the Ni-P-CNT electroless composite coating exhibited higher wear resistance and lower friction coefficient than Ni-P-SiC and Ni-P-graphite composite coatings. After annealing at 673 K for 2 h, the wear resistance of the Ni-P-CNT composite coating was improved. Carbon nanotube/copper matrix composites revealed a lower wear rate and friction coefficient compared with pure copper, and their wear rates and friction coefficients showed a decreasing trend with increasing volume fraction of CNTs within the range from 0 to 12 vol.% due to the effects of the reinforcement and reduced friction of CNTs. The favorable effects of CNTs on the tribological properties are attributed to improved mechanical properties and unique topological structure of the hollow nanotubes.     

纳米粉体在化学复合镀中的应用

向化学镀液中加入纳米粉体，使纳米粉体与金属共沉积，可得到性能各异的纳米化学复合镀层。对Ni—P基化学复合镀的沉积机理进行了推测。从高硬度耐磨性、自润滑性、抗高温氧化性、耐腐蚀性等方面，介绍了各种纳米化学复合镀层的研究进展。对纳米粉体的分散性问题进行了探讨，并对纳米化学复合镀层的前景提出了展望。