基于UML的嵌入式系统模型验证机制的研究

随着嵌入式系统在各个领域的广泛应用,嵌入式系统变得越来越复杂,研究一种支持嵌入式系统从分析、设计、验证到编码这一整个开发过程的模型系统及建模方法变得越来越重要。UML(UnifiedModelingLanguage,统一建模语言)作为面向对象的分析与设计技术的代表,已经获得了广泛的承认,并在多个领域中有成功的应用。然而,UML是一种符号化语言系统,其语义采用自然语言描述,没有完全形式化,无法精确和严格地描述模型的行为从而实现模型的验证。为了解决这个问题,文章提出了一种用于嵌入式系统UML模型验证的方法,其核心是可执行(Executable)UML,它是UML的增强性子集,采用与UML相同的符号表示法,并集成了状态图(StateChart)所用的形式化语义定义。嵌入式系统的UML模型经过语义分析能够很方便地生成可执行UML模型,并实现系统模型的验证。     

A structured operational semantics for UML-statecharts

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) has gained wide acceptance in very short time because of its variety of well-known and intuitive graphical notations. However, this comes at the price of an unprecise and incomplete semantics definition. This insufficiency concerns single UML diagram notations on their own as well as their integration. In this paper, we focus on the notation of UML-statecharts. Starting with a precise textual syntax definition, we develop a precise structured operational semantics (SOS) for UML-statecharts. Besides the support of interlevel transitions and in contrast to related work, our semantics definition supports characteristic UML-statechart features like the history mechanism as well as entry and exit actions. Initial submission: 19 February 2002 / Revised submission: 28 October 2002 Published online: 2 December 2002     

基于ASM扩展的活动图进行业务过程建模

为了扩展包括投资者建模、企业建模与扩展价值链建模的Martin／Odell OOA／D方法,该文章使用UML活动图扩展这些技术。UML提供了丰富的标记表示对分析系统行为和系统结构进行分析。其中活动图是用来描述系统的动态行为,并且也适用于业务过程建模。但由于UML的语义是用纯文本的方式描述的,通常不够准确,故而此文提出了使用ASM扩展语义的活动图描述包含上述建模技术的业务过程。     

Meaningful modeling: what's the semantics of "semantics"?

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a complex collection of mostly diagrammatic notations for software modeling, and its standardization has prompted an animated discussion about UML's semantics and how to represent it. We have thus set out to clarify some of the notions involved in defining modeling languages, with an eye toward the particular difficulties arising in defining UML. We are primarily interested in distinguishing a language's notation, or syntax, from its meaning, or semantics, as well as recognizing the differences between variants of syntax and semantics in their nature, purpose, style, and use.     

A compositional semantics of UML-RSDS

This paper provides a semantics for the UML-RSDS (Reactive System Development Support) subset of UML, using the real-time action logic (RAL) formalism. We show how this semantics can be used to resolve some ambiguities and omissions in UML semantics, and to support reasoning about specifications using the B formal method and tools. We use ‘semantic profiles’ to provide precise semantics for different semantic variation points of UML. We also show how RAL can be used to give a semantics to notations for real-time specification in UML. Unlike other approaches to UML semantics, which concentrate on the class diagram notation, our semantic representation has behaviour as a central element, and can be used to define semantics for use cases, state machines and interactions, in addition to class diagrams.     

Specifying behavioral semantics of UML diagrams through graph transformations

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) has been widely accepted as a standard for modeling software systems from various perspectives. The intuitive notations of UML diagrams greatly improve the communication among developers. However, the lack of a formal semantics makes it difficult to automate analysis and verification. This paper offers a graphical yet formal approach to specifying the behavioral semantics of statechart diagrams using graph transformation techniques. It supports many advanced features of statecharts, such as composite states, firing priority, history, junction, and choice. In our approach, a graph grammar is derived automatically from a state machine to summarize the hierarchy of states. Based on the graph grammar, the execution of a set of non-conflict state transitions is interpreted by a sequence of graph transformations. This facilitates verifying a design model against system requirements. To demonstrate our approach, we present a case study on a toll-gate system.     

UML类结构的形式化

为面向对象建模概念建立坚实的语义基础,越来越受到人们的重视。通过提供精确的概念特征定义,可建立精确的面向对象的行为模型和结构模型,便于对模型进行严格的分析。ＵＭＬ是一种被推荐的面向对象建模语言,ＲＡＩＳＥ是欧洲流行的一种形式方法,该文使用ＲＡＩＳＥ来表达ＵＭＬ类结构的含义。     

A generic framework for modeling heterogeneous real-time systems

Complex real-time systems usually consist of heterogeneous components. These components interact with different semantics. Modeling these systems normally need integrating several domain-specific tools such as UML, Simulink. But interchanging data between these tools is very difficult. UML is a standard modeling language for object-oriented software development, used more and more in real-time domain. It provides several extensibility mechanisms to allow modeling special domains. This paper presents a generic framework, which is based on UML notations and metamodels, for heterogeneous modeling real-time systems. So engineers from different domains can work together on a unified platform.     

A framework for an integrated unified modeling language

The unified modeling language (UML) is one of the most commonly used modeling languages in the software industry. It simplifies the complex process of design by providing a set of graphical notations, which helps express the objectoriented analysis and design of software projects. Although UML is applicable to different types of systems, domains, methods, and processes, it cannot express certain problem domain needs. Therefore, many extensions to UML have been proposed. In this paper, we propose a framework for integrating the UML extensions and then use the framework to propose an integrated unified modeling language-graphical (iUML-g) form. iUML-g integrates the existing UML extensions into one integrated form. This includes an integrated diagram for UML class, sequence, and use case diagrams. The proposed approach is evaluated using a case study. The proposed iUML-g is capable of modeling systems that use different domains.     

Clock constraint specification language: specifying clock constraints with UML/MARTE

The Object Management Group (OMG) unified modeling language (UML) profile for modeling and analysis of real-time and embedded systems (MARTE) aims at using the general-purpose modeling language UML in the domain of real-time and embedded (RTE) systems. To achieve this goal, it is absolutely required to introduce inside the mainly untimed UML an unambiguous time structure which MARTE model elements can rely on to build precise models amenable to formal analysis. The MARTE Time model has defined such a structure. We have also defined a non-normative concrete syntax called the clock constraint specification language (CCSL) to demonstrate what can be done based on this structure. This paper gives a brief overview of this syntax and its formal semantics, and shows how existing UML model elements can be used to apply this syntax in a graphical way and benefit from the semantics.     

A semiotic analysis of unified modeling language graphical notations

Unified modeling language (UML) is the standard modeling language for object-oriented system development. Despite its status as a standard, UML has a fuzzy formal specification and a weak theoretical foundation. Semiotics, the study of signs, provides a good theoretical foundation for UML research because graphical notations (or visual signs) of UML are subjected to the principles of signs. In our research, we use semiotics to study the effectiveness of graphical notations in UML. We hypothesized that the use of iconic signs as UML graphical notations leads to representation that is more accurately interpreted and that arouses fewer connotations than the use of symbolic signs. An open-ended survey was used to test these hypotheses. The results support our propositions that iconic UML graphical notations are more accurately interpreted by subjects and that the number of connotations is lower for iconic UML graphical notations than for symbolic UML graphical notations. The results have both theoretical and practical significance. This study illustrates the usefulness of using semiotics as a theoretical underpinning in analyzing, evaluating, and comparing graphical notations for modeling constructs. The results of this research also suggest ways and means of enhancing the graphical notations of UML modeling constructs.     

Dynamic Meta Modeling with time: Specifying the semantics of multimedia sequence diagrams

The Unified Modeling Langugage (UML) offers different diagram types to model the behavior of software systems. In some domains like embedded real-time systems or multimedia systems, it is necessary to include specifications of time in behavioral models since the correctness of these applications depends on the fulfillment of temporal requirements in addition to functional requirements. UML thus already incorporates language features to model time and temporal constraints. Such model elements must have an equivalent in the semantic domain.We have proposed Dynamic Meta Modeling (DMM), an approach based on graph transformation, as a means for specifying operational semantics of dynamic UML diagrams. In this article, we extend this approach to also account for time by extending the semantic domain to timed graph transformation. This enables us to define the operational semantics of UML diagrams with time specifications. As an example, we provide semantics for special sequence diagrams from the domain of multimedia application modeling.     

基于COOZ对UML的类结构的形式化

为面向对象的模型建立坚实的形式化基础是近年形式化研究的热点。一旦提供了对面向对象模型概念的精确描述后,就可以对OO模型的行为和结构进行清晰的分析。统一模型语言（UML）是为建立统一的面向对象开发方法的有益偿试,它是在已有的三大OO方法学的基础上抽象出来的模型语言。文章结合作者正在进行的对Z语言的OO扩展COOZ,对UML的类层次结构进行精确的形式化描述。     

UML类图的形式化及分析

统一建模语言(UML)是一种通用的图形化建模语言,在面向对象系统的分析和设计中,它已成为事实上的工业标准。但是UML不是形式化的建模语言,缺乏精确的语义描述,因此会导致一些问题。Z是一种广泛使用的形式化规约语言,Z适合用来精确地表示模型的语法和语义。文章采用Z符号来表示UML类图的组成元素的语法和语义及其映射关系,最后对UML类图的一些性质进行分析和验证。     

顺序图至Petri网转化方法的研究与实现

作为一种面向对象分析和设计建模语言，统一建模语言（UML）已经越来越多的被用在大型系统中，然而，UML是半形式化的，这使得很难对其进行严格的语义分析和正确性验证。顺序图作为UML动态描述机制的重要组成部分，同样存在这样的问题，而Petri网作为一种建模工具，有着严格的形式化语义，而且有很多成熟的分析方法。该文针对UML20顺序图模型，结合几个简单Petri网结构，提出了将顺序图转换为Petri网的算法，最后通过实例说明了转化算法的有效性。     

A survey of UML applications in mechatronic systems

Mechatronic systems are composed of mechanical, electronic and software parts. Recently, software processes and modeling notations traditionally used in software engineering have been used in building mechatronic systems. One of the modeling notations used in software design is the Unified Modeling Language (UML), a visual modeling language. In this paper, an analysis of UML in the building of mechatronic systems is presented.     

UML活动图的操作语义

越来越多的系统采用UML（unified model language,统一建模语言）作为建模语言来进行系统分析和设计.UML活动图是UML语言中描述系统动态行为的一种方法,它广泛地运用于业务建模.由于UML活动图缺乏精确的动态语义,所以不利于对其所描述的系统进行形式化的分析、验证和确认.为解决这一问题,根据UML1.5语义文档,给出UML活动图的形式化操作语义.首先给出UML活动图的形式化的语法,然后详细地定义了活动图的格局和变迁,最后基于LTS给出了活动图的演绎规则.主要工作是：引入状态包的概念,使得描述更加清楚、完善;通过LTS定义活动图的操作语义,并详细阐述演绎规则,从而获得活动图的全局状态转移图,使定义的操作语义很容易地应用到形式化验证中.该语义覆盖了UML活动图的绝大部分特征,为对UML活动图进行模型检验奠定了基础.     

Validation of static properties in unified modeling language models for cyber physical systems

Cyber physical systems (CPSs) can be found nowadays in various fields of activity. The increased interest for these systems as evidenced by the large number of applications led to complex research regarding the most suitable methods for design and development. A promising solution for specification, visualization, and documentation of CPSs uses the Object Management Group (OMG) unified modeling language (UML). UML models allow an intuitive approach for embedded systems design, helping end-users to specify the requirements. However, the UML models are represented in an informal language. Therefore, it is difficult to verify the correctness and completeness of a system design. The object constraint language (OCL) was defined to add constraints to UML, but it is deficient in strict notations of mathematics and logic that permits rigorous analysis and reasoning about the specifications. In this paper, we investigated how CPS applications modeled using UML deployment diagrams could be formally expressed and verified. We used Z language constructs and prototype verification system (PVS) as formal verification tools. Considering some relevant case studies presented in the literature, we investigated the opportunity of using this approach for validation of static properties in CPS UML models.     

将UML模型转换成SDL模型的方法

提出了一种将UML模型转换成SDL模型的方法.UML是一种优秀的建模语言,使用UML可以为协议建立模型带来很多方便.但是,UML缺乏形式化语义,因此不能满足协议精确性的要求.SDL是一种用于通信软件规格的标准语言,它拥有形式化语义,而且有很多商业软件都支持它.在协议设计和开发中,将UML模型转换成SDL模型可以克服这样的缺点.通过为UML制作适当的profile,并制定严格的转换规则可以实现模型的转换.