Deformation control of asymmetric floor heave in a deep rock roadway: A case study

In order to control asymmetric floor heave in deep rock roadways and deformation around the surrounding rock mass after excavation, in this paper we discuss the failure mechanism and coupling control countermeasures using the finite difference method (FLAC^3D) combined with comparative analysis and typical engineering application at Xingcun coal mine. It is indicated by the analysis that the simple symmetric support systems used in the past led to destruction of the deep rock roadway from the key zone and resulted in the deformation of asymmetric floor heave in the roadway. Suitable reinforced support countermeasures are proposed to reduce the deformation of the floor heave and the potential risk during mining. The application shows that the present support technology can be used to better environmental conditions. The countermeasures of asymmetric coupling support can not only effectively reduce the discrepancy deformation at the key area of the surrounding rock mass, but also effectively control floor heave, which helps realize the integration of support and maintain the stability of the deep rock roadways at Xingcun coal mine.     

深部巷道围岩控制原理与应用研究

采用理论分析、数值模拟和现场试验的方法，研究深部巷道围岩稳定问题，认为深部巷道围岩控制的基本方法是提高围岩强度、转移围岩高应力以及采用合理的支护技术．提出了深部巷道围岩控制的基本技术和控制过程：1）应力转移降低巷道浅部围岩应力；2）采用高预紧力、大延伸量的高强度锚杆、锚索支护系统，强化锚固区围岩强度，提高巷道围岩自身稳定性；3）加强巷道两帮、底角支护，提高巷道最薄弱部位（两帮、底角）残余强度、提高巷道围岩的整体稳定性；4）应用高水速凝材料注浆加固破碎区，提高破碎围岩的完整性和力学参数．该研究成果已成功应用于工程实践．     

Stability control of surrounding rocks for a coal roadway in a deep tectonic region简

In order to effectively control the deformation and failure of surrounding rocks in a coal roadway in a deep tectonic region, the deformation and failure mechanism and stability control mechanism were studied. With such methods as numerical simulation and field testing, the distribution law of the displacement, stress and plastic zone in the surrounding rocks was analyzed. The deformation and failure mechanisms of coal roadways in deep tectonic areas were revealed: under high tectonic stress, two sides will slide along the roof or floor; while the plastic zone of the two sides will extend along the roof or floor, leading to more serious deformation and failure in the corner of two sides and the bolt supporting the corners is readily cut off by the shear force or tension force. Aimed at controlling the large slippage deformation of the two sides, serious deformation and failure in the corners of the two sides and massive bolt breakage, a “controlling and yielding coupling support” control technology is proposed. Firstly, bolts which do not pass through the bedding plane should be used in the corners of the roadway, allowing the two sides to have some degree of sliding to achieve the purpose of “yielding” support, and which avoid breakage of the bolts in the corner. After yielding support, bolts in the corner of the roadway and which pass through the bedding plane should be used to control the deformation and failure of the coal in the corner. “Controlling and yielding coupling support” technology has been successfully applied in engineering practice, and the stability of deep coal roadway has been greatly improved.     

Research on the “three shells” cooperative support technology of large-section chambers in deep mines

The "three shells" cooperative support technology was proposed herein according to both the large deformation of the rock surrounding large-section chambers in deep mines and the precarious stability of the support structures therein. The development range of the plastic zone in the surrounding rock was controlled by a stress shell to reduce the difficulty of controlling the surrounding rock. Additionally, the residual strength of the rock mass in the plastic zone and the self-bearing capacity of the surrounding rock were improved by a reinforced load-bearing shell. Furthermore, a passive load-bearing shell could restore the triaxial stress state of the surrounding rock on the free surface, reduce the influence of the external environment on the surrounding rock, and reinforce the surrounding rock with the strength of the shell. Reasonable layouts of large-section chambers were determined by analyzing the control effect of the stress shell on the surrounding rock under three kinds of in situ stress fields. The orthogonal test method was applied to reveal the influences of different support parameters in the reinforced loadbearing shell and passive load-bearing shell on the surrounding rock stability. The surrounding rock control effect of the "three shells" collaborative support technology was analyzed through numerical simulation and field monitoring. The results show that the maximum displacement between the roof and floor of the coal preparation chamber in the Xinjulong coal mine was approximately 48 mm, and the maximum displacement between its two sides was approximately 65 mm, indicating that the technology proposed herein could meet the long-term control requirements of the surrounding rock stability for large-section chambers in deep mines.     

深部沿空切顶成巷围岩稳定性控制对策

基于沿空切顶成巷技术原理,以城郊煤矿深部工作面无煤柱开采为背景,综合运用力学分析﹑模拟计算和现场试验等方法,对深部切顶成巷围岩控制关键对策进行深入研究。结果显示：切顶留巷顶板在侧向形成短臂梁结构,降低了巷旁支护体所受压力,切缝范围内岩层垮落后碎胀充填采空区,使留巷顶板下沉量降低了约50%。采空区侧顶板为切顶巷道围岩变形的关键部位,需进行加强支护;深部切顶巷道实体煤帮塑性区范围大,通过煤帮锚索支护技术可将浅部锚杆承载层锚固在弹性区稳定煤体中;深部切顶成巷来压速度快、强度大,巷内单体支柱易造成冲击破断,采用高阻力液压支架巷内临时支护时可较好地抵抗深部强动压;巷旁刚性挡矸装置因无法适应深部围岩大变形而受压弯曲破坏,深部切顶巷道巷旁挡矸结构需实现一定的竖向让位卸压方可与顶底板协调变形。在研究的基础上提出恒阻锚索关键部位支护+可缩性U型钢柔性让位挡矸+巷内液压支架临时支护+实体煤帮锚索补强的深部切顶成巷联合支护技术,并进行现场工业性试验。现场监测结果表明：留巷围岩在滞后工作面约290 m时基本稳定,且稳定后各项指标满足下一工作面使用要求。     

Stability influence factors analysis and construction of a deep beam anchorage structure in roadway roof

Deep beam anchorage structures based on spatial distribution analysis of the cable prestressed field have been proposed for roadway roof support. Stability and other factors that influence deep beam structures are studied in this paper using mechanical calculations, numerical analysis and field measurements. A mechanical model of deep beam structure subjected to multiple loading is established, including analysis of roof support in the return airway of S1203 working face in the Yuwu coal mine, China. The expression of maximum shear stress in the deep beam structure is deduced according to the stress superposition criterion. It is found that the primary factors affecting deep beam structure stability are deep beam thickness, cable pre-tension and cable spacing. The variation of maximum shear stress distribution and prestressed field diffusion effects according to various factors are analyzed using Matlabòand FLAC3D~(TM) software, and practical support parameters of the S1203 return airway roof are determined.According to the observations of rock pressure, there is no evidence of roof separation, and the maximum values of roof subsidence and convergence of wall rock are 72 and 48 mm, respectively. The results show that the proposed roof support design with a deep beam structure is feasible and achieves effective control of the roadway roof.     

用于深空粒子探测系统的自动标定装置研制

该文研制了一种基于现场可编程逻辑阵列(FPGA)的自动标定装置,用于对深空粒子探测系统的自动校准和刻度.该标定装置主要包括标准脉冲产生单元、高速模数转换单元和控制与数据处理单元.其控制与数据处理单元基于FPGA实现,采用模块化的设计完成对外围电路控制及数据在线处理.通过各项实验验证,该装置可在复杂环境下实现对系统的基线...     

PLC在中小型水电站闸门监控系统中的应用

闸门监控是水电站中重要的一项工作.介绍了水电站闸门监控系统的功能和结构,根据水电站闸门现场控制单元PLC的控制要求,对闸门监控系统现场控制单元PLC进行了选择与设计,提出采用PID进行闸门的闭环控制,并利用GE363PLC及输入输出模块进行程序设计,根据闸门上升和下降过程的要求实现了精确控制.     

产业技术创新战略联盟政府支持研究综述

产业技术创新战略联盟是当前国内外重要的产业组织形式,是加快科技成果转化与技术转移的新途径。本文从政府支持的原因、支持方式、政策现状、存在的问题和对策等方面梳理了近年国内相关文献,并作出相应的总结。     

Bolt-grouting combined support technology in deep soft rock roadway

Analyzing the mineral composition, mechanical properties and ground stress testing in surrounding rock,the study investigated the failure mechanism of deep soft rock roadway with high stress. The boltgrouting combined support system was proposed to prevent such failures. By means of FLAC3D numerical simulation and similar material simulation, the feasibility of the support design and the effectiveness of support parameters were discussed. According to the monitoring the surface and deep displacement in surrounding rock as well as bolt axial load, this paper analyzed the deformation of surrounding rock and the stress condition of the support structure. The monitor results were used to optimize the proposed support scheme. The results of field monitors demonstrate that the bolt-grouting combined support technology could improve the surround rock strength and bearing capacity of support structure, which controlled the great deformation failure and rheological property effectively in deep soft rock roadway with high stress. As a result, the long term stability and safety are guaranteed.     

Stability control of a deep shaft insert

The deterioration of a deep shaft insert at the Xing'an Coal Mine was analyzed by studying the physical and mechanical properties of the rock located at key positions relative to the shaft. Factors that influence shaft stability were obtained. The numerical simulation program FLAC3D was used to simulate the destruction of the deep shaft insert. Two different support methods were analyzed by simulation. The simulations demonstrate that a single stiffness support is inappropriate for this shaft insert. The appropriate support method is an integrated coupling method of rigid and flexible supports. The flexible support is applied first and then the rigid support is second. Engineering practice in the Xing'an Coal Mine shows that this technology can effectively control deep-shaft insert deterioration. This support approach provides an important direction for future project design and construction, as well.     

浅谈社会性弱势群体聚众闹事的防治

近年来，弱势群体，特别是社会性弱势群体聚众闹事已成为影响社会稳定的突出问题，如何有效地预防这类事件的发生以及如何妥善地处王已发生的事件，是摆在各级党委和政府，特别是公安机关面前的重大研究课题。本主要探讨社会性弱势群体聚众闹事的原因、特点及预防处置措施。     

双面加压滑动水口模具的设计与改进

通过分析滑动水口外型的特殊性,根据其成型过程的工艺要求,改进优化模具,使产品的使用寿命大幅度提高,从而降低的吨钢成本,提高了经济效益。     

高校网络教育发展面临的问题及改进策略研究

随着社会信息化程度的飞速提升,互联网早已成为普通人生活不可或缺的一部分。在较为成熟的互联网环境支撑下,我国现代网络教育得到蓬勃发展。文章对我国高校网络教育的发展现状、存在的问题作了深入的讨论和分析。面对问题和挑战,提出了应对措施和行之有效的解决方法,推动高校网络教育向创新、协调、开放、共享的方向发展。     

空箱挡墙在云梦大闸中的应用

将空箱挡墙技术应用在云梦大闸的改建工程中. 首先,根据闸址区工程地质情况,提出了地基加固处理措施. 在工程设计部分,给出了空箱挡墙平面图、纵剖面图、地下轮廓线及典型段的分简图. 然后对空箱挡墙的稳定性进行了分析验算,主要包括水闸渗透稳定计算和挡墙抗滑稳定及基底应力计算. 结果显示,在基本荷载组合和特殊荷载组合两种工况下,空箱基底应力的不均匀系数和抗滑稳定安全系数均满足设计规范的要求. 将空箱挡土墙技术应用在云梦大闸的改建中,可以增加水闸的整体稳定性.     

Progress of heat-hazard treatment in deep mines

Based on the urgency of thermal hazard control in deep coal mines, we studied the status of deep thermal damage and cooling technology both at home and abroad, summarized the causes of deep thermal hazard, analysed and compared the control technologies for deep thermal hazards. The results show that the causes of deep thermal damage can be attributed to three aspects, i.e., climate, geological and mining factors, of which the geological factors are deemed the major reasons for thermal hazards. As well, we compared a number of cooling technologies of domestic and overseas provenance, such as central air conditioning cooling technology, ice cooling technology and water cooling technology, with one other cooling technology, i.e., the HEMS cooling technology, which has a large and important effect with its unique "pure air" cooling technology, realizes the utilizing of heat resources from underground to the ground. This technology makes use of heat obtained underground; thus the technology can promote low-carbon environmental economic development in coal mines, in order to achieve lowcarbon coal production in China.     

锚网索支架联合支护技术在深井巷道维修中的应用

针对河北金牛能源公司邢东煤矿深部轨道大巷失修严重的现实问题,对原锚网支护方式做了理论分析,提出锚网索支架联合支护维修的技术方案,并在力学机理分析基础上,对邢东矿深井锚网索支架联合支护技术进行了系统分析和应用研究。现场效果表明,锚网支架联合支护巷修技术是适用于邢东矿高应力条件的经济可靠的支护方式。     

光纤式闸门开度测控系统

采用先进的光纤传感技术和可编程控制技术,研制出了一种新型的光纤式闸门开度测控系统,应用于大型船闸（特别是多级船闸）闸门的开度测量,由于实现了光测光传,解决了大型闸门运行中的检测、控制和同步难题。该套系统具有测量范围宽,测量精度高,抗干扰能力强和可靠性好等特点,特别适合各种复杂恶劣环境条件下运行的闸门开度测量与控制。     

水力自控翻板闸门运行分析

通过对多年运行实测到的数据的统计分析，以图解决水力自控翻板闸门摇摆的现象，发现引起水力自控翻板闸门摇摆拍打的主要原因是闸后水流流态产生了强力的紊流运动和受到闸门上下游水位差的影响，通过调整水力自控翻板部门翻转点的位置以及有效控制闸门上下游水位差，使水力自控翻板闸门达到了稳定运行的效果。     

未来20年中国能源技术发展方向之一--分布式能源及相关技术

分布式能源系统集节能、环保和高安全性等优势于一身，是缓解能源危机，实现可持续发展战略的有效途径，是第二代能源系统的核心技术。针对我国发展分布式能源技术的现状，指出必须从动力与能源转化设备、一次和二次能源相关技术、智能控制与群控优化技术、综合系统优化技术和资源深度利用技术等关键技术入手，更新观念，加大人力、物力、财力的投入，提供政策扶植，充分利用市场优势，迅速赶超发达国家，占据世界领先地位．