YJ657碱性药芯焊丝研制

研究了ＹＪ６５７碱性药芯焊丝药芯粉的成分配比对焊接工艺性能的影响。结果表明：在ＭｇＯ－ＳｉＯ２－ＣａＦ２组成的碱性渣系中,用一部分氟硅酸钠代替萤石,不仅能提高焊接电弧的稳定性,而且能减少焊接飞溅,但锆英石不能改善ＭｇＯ－ＳｉＯ２－ＣａＦ２组成的碱怀熔渣的脱渣性。开发出了焊接工艺性能良好,焊缝金属强度和低温冲击韧度高的ＹＪ６５７碱性药焊丝。     

Y—TZP增韧Al2O3—TiC陶瓷复合材料的研究

热压烧结制备了Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＴｉＣ／Ｙ－ＴＺＰ陶瓷复合材料，研究了Ｙ－ＴＺＰ含量对该材料的组织结构、力学性能和耐磨性能的影响。随Ｙ－ＴＺＰ含量增加，复合材料的耐磨性提高，弯曲强度σｆ和断裂韧性ＫＩＣ均比Ａｌ２Ｏ－ＴｉＣ提高１倍，分别达到１０５４ＭＰａ和１１．６５ＭＰａ·ｍ＾１／２。试验结果表明，Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＴｉＣ／Ｙ－ＴＺＰ复合材料的强韧化机理主要为Ｙ－ＴＺＰ的应力诱发ＺｒＯ２相应增韧、裂纹偏转和晶     

铸造高强铝合金ZL107A的组织与性能

在Ａｌ－Ｓｉ－Ｃｕ系铸造合金ＺＬ１０７的基础上通过添加Ｍｇ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ、Ｔｉ等多元微量合金化元素研制出ＺＬ１０７Ａ铸造高哟度铝合金,经Ｔ５状态热处理后Ｚ国０７Ａ的性能;σｂ４２０－４７０ＭＰａ,σ０．２３２５－３９０ＭＰａ,δ５４－６％,,１４５ＨＢＳ,因而可用于制造大型,高强、复杂关键的工程结构铝铸件。     

Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb钛铝化合物的韧化和氧化抗力研究

在ＴｉＡｌ合金中添加过渡族合金元素，观测了其微观组织和结构，测定了室温弯曲性能和高温氧化性能，研究了改善塑性及提高其高温氧化抗力的因素。试验结果表明，与单相γ－ＴｉＡｌ不同，添加过渡族元素Ｃｒ、Ｎｂ的Ｔｉ－４８Ａｌ－２Ｃｒ－２Ｎｂ钛铝化合物所形成的双相或等轴γ和α２／γ片层状双态组织，改善了脆性γ－ＴｉＡｌ合金的室温塑性，使弯曲强度达４９０ＭＰａ，弯曲挠度为０．３９ｍｍ；；大量层错带和变形孪晶的形成是室温变形的主要机制。另外，在高温下，钛铝化合物的表面由表及里形成了不易剥落的ＴｉＯ２、Ａｌ２Ｏ３及ＴｉＯ２＋Ａｌ２Ｏ３三层氧化层，连续、致密的Ａｌ２Ｏ３层是提高氧化抗力的重要原因     

CO2保护电弧堆焊用药芯焊丝中合金元素的过渡系数

研究了药芯焊丝在ＣＯ２保护电弧堆焊过程中合金元素的过渡系数。提出了药芯焊中合金元素总原始含量的计算公式。试验结果表明，Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｒ－Ｎｉ－Ｃ系药芯焊丝中合金元素的过渡系数分别为：Ｍｎ８２．６％，Ｃｒ９０．０％，Ｎｉ９８．８％，Ｃ７７．７％。对合金元素的过渡过程进行了分析。     

Al_2O_3－TiC系陶瓷的组织结构和性能

Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＣ系陶瓷由Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＴｉＣ和金属粘结相组成。陶瓷组织为骨架结构相互穿插结合。其颗粒大小为０．５０～１．０μｍ，在ＴｉＣ颗粒内存有细微亚结构，它的尺寸为０．１０～０．２０μｍ。Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＣ界面结合紧密．但不完全匹配。该陶瓷材料硬度为２４ＧＰａ和９３．７０ＨＲＡ。根据压痕法测得的有关参数，计算所得ＫＩＣ值为５．８６ＭＰａ·ｍ１／２。文中讨论了克服该系陶瓷脆性和提高其韧性的途径。该陶瓷已广泛用于制造切削刀具。     

ZA27合金熔炼

１ＺＡ２７合金的化学成分及机械性能表１ＺＡ２７合金的化学成分主要成分％杂质含量＜％ＡｌＣｕＭｇＺｎＦｅＰｂＣｄＳｎ２５－２８２．０－２．５０．０１－０．０２余量０．１００．００４０．００３０．００２表２ＺＡ２７合金的物理性能σｂＭＰａσａＭＰａδｓ％ＨＢ密度ｇ／３８０－４４１３６５－３７２２．５－１１９０－１２５５．０２材料准备表３炉料合金元素的标准名称牌号标准铝锭Ａ１９９７或Ａ１９９６ＧＢ１１９６－８３锌锭Ｚｎ－０或Ｚｎ－１ＧＢ４７０－８３镁锭Ｍｇ９９．９５ＧＢ３４９９－８３铜Ｃｕ－１ＧＢ４６６－８２中间合金ＡｌＣｕ－５０ＧＢ８７５３５－８８ＺｎＣｌ２二级以上ＧＢ１６２５－７９变质剂自制３工装准备燃油坩埚炉一台；ＷＲＮ－１２０ＥＵ－２测温仪一台；天平一架；其它炉炼工具自制。４熔炼及熔炼过程控制ＺｎＡｌ２７合金的熔炼与传统的有色合金熔炼过程无大的区别，其基本过程大致分为：准备（炉料、设备和工具）、加料、加热熔化、精炼变质、炉前检验和浇注六大步骤，较传统合金熔炼多了一道变质处理工序。其中熔炼过程温度的控制，精炼剂的脱水，合金的变质处理，回炉料的加入量等对合金的机械性能起着至关重要的作用。而整个熔炼过程则紧紧围绕...     

新型固体电解质CO2传感器及其特性

介绍了一种以固体电解质ＮＡＳＩＣＯＮ为导电介质,以ＢａＣＯ３－ＬｉＣＯ３复合碳酸盐为电极材料的新型ＣＯ２传感器的结构与性能,在１０＾－４－１０＾－２ＣＯ２体积比浓度范围内,器件的输出电动热（ＥＭＦ）与Ｎｅｒｎｓｔ方程符合得很好,并呈现出迅速的响应恢复性能。由于复合碳酸盐辅助电极的使用,器件的耐水性有了很大提高,而在封装中采用活性炭过滤层结构中使器件的选择性得到改善。     

氧化铝晶粒表面在CaO—Al2O3—SiO2系玻璃非均匀晶化形核时的作？…

抛光的氧化铝晶体表面在玻璃熔融温度和ＣａＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２（ＣＡＳ）系玻璃长时间作用下，表面上的几何缺陷全部消失，只剩下结构缺陷，通过ＤＴＡ，ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ和ＥＤＡＸ研究，发现在朵样的热处理制度下，从ＣＡＳ系玻璃相接触的氧化铝晶全表面处生长出来的晶体层很薄，且主要是由氧化铝晶粒组成；而从玻璃表面片生长出来的昌体层却很厚，且呈均匀的细柱状晶分布，说明玻璃表面处的非均匀形核速率和生长速率大于氧化     

W6Mo5Cr4V2—45~＃钢的相变超塑性焊接

本文介绍了相变超塑性焊接技术。试验表明．Ｗ６Ｍｏ５Ｃｒ４Ｖ２－４５＃钢采用循环相变温度区间５２０～８２０℃．应力为σ△＝５０ＭＰａ。σ＝２０ＭＰａ．经８次循环的工艺可实现超塑性焊接。这种焊接工艺具有显著的优越性，是一种值得深入研究的新工艺。     

压力容器窄间隙埋弧焊热处理脆化机理研究

用于制造高参数压力容器的低合金高强度铜采用窄间隙埋弧焊,为了消除焊接残余应力,在焊后需对焊接接头进行热处理,其冲击韧性大幅下降。为探讨其脆化机理,选用BHW-35钢为母材,H10Mn2NiMoA镀铜焊丝和SJ101焊剂为填充材料,焊后热处理工艺为920℃正火＋620℃和560℃二次回火。利用扫描透射电镜,对焊缝熔敷金属焊态和焊后热处理的显微组织变化进行了研究。结果表明,低合金高强度钢焊缝焊态时组织为针状铁素体,在晶内有细小碳化物弥散分布;经焊后热处理,由于回复作用板条状组织变粗或消失,在晶界磷元素的偏聚和大量的碳化物在晶界析出导致其冲击韧性下降。窄间隙埋弧焊是一种优质高效的焊接方法,焊接效率高,节约焊材,解决了大厚度工件焊接的技术问题。     

Weldability of Copper-bearing Aging Steel

The weldability of copper-bearing aging steel is evaluated using calculated cracking susceptibility index Pcm,oblique Y-groove cracking test,heat-affected zone (HAZ) maximum hardness measurement,submerged arc welding (SAW) test and gas metal arc welding (GMAW) test.The results show that this copper-bearing aging steel has low hardenability and cold cracking susceptibility.SAW test of 40 mm thick plate with WS03 wire matched by CHF101 flux reveals that the welded joints obtain high strength and good impact toughness at low temperature.The HAZ has no hardening but there exists a slightly softening phenomenon.Thus,line energy should be limited or controlled strictly to avoid softening behavior in HAZ during SAW.GMAW tests of 12mm and 24mm thick plates using WER70NH wire show that the tensile strength of joints reaches 720MPa,higher than the stipulated strength requirement of base metal.The average impact energy at-40℃ in the welded joints is more than 140J exceeding minimum stipulated requirement by a wide margin.There are no hardening and softening behaviors in the heat-affected zones of GMAW.All weld metals exhibit acicular ferrite (AF) plus small amount of proeutectoid ferrite (PF) structure,of which the former can significantly improve impact toughness of weld metal.The predominant microstructure in coarse grain HAZ is bainite.     

1Cr18Ni9Ti与16MnR异种钢埋弧自动焊研究与应用

1Cr18Ni9Ti与16MnR是超高压开关壳体常用钢板,通过对1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢与16MnR低合金钢埋弧自动焊单面焊双面成型工艺的研究,分析了1Cr18Ni9Ti与16MnR异种钢焊接容易产生焊接缺陷的原因,通过大量工艺试验、评定,以此确定出1Cr18Ni9Ti与16MnR异种钢埋弧自动焊单面焊双面成型合理的焊接工艺,并在生产实际中得到了应用。     

离心压缩机叶轮补焊工艺研究及应用

针对压缩机叶轮在热处理后出现的裂纹缺陷,采用手工氩弧焊工艺进行补焊。通过与手工电弧焊补焊工艺的力学性能和显微组织进行对比分析,发现焊接接头具有良好的力学性能,接头强度满足设计要求,并且避免了传统手工电弧焊工艺补焊造成的飞溅、弧坑裂纹、气孔等缺陷,提高了产品一次性补焊合格率,完善了低合金高强钢焊接叶轮制造工艺规范。对某大型压缩机叶轮进行实际补焊应用,叶轮经过超转试验后,表面检测合格,完善了低合金高强钢焊接压缩机叶轮的制造技术。     

Multi sensor data fusion for improving performance and reliability of fully automatic welding system

This paper presents a new generation of system for pressure vessel and shipbuilding. Typical pressure vessel and ship building weld joint preparations are either traditional V, butt, fillet grooves or have narrow or semi narrow gap profiles. The fillet and U groove are prevalently used in heavy industries and shipbuilding to melt and join the parts. Since the wall thickness can be up to 6 in. or greater, welds must be made in many layers, each layer containing several passes. However, the welding time for the conventional processes such as submerged arc welding (SAW) and flux cored arc welding (FCAW) can be many hours. Although SAW and FCAW are normally mechanized processes, pressure vessel and ship structures welding up to now have usually been controlled by a full time operator. The operator has typically been responsible for positioning each individual weld run, for setting weld process parameters, for maintaining flux and wire levels, for removing slag and so on. The aim of the system is to develop a high speed welding system with multi-torch for increasing the production speed on the line and to remove the need for the operator so that the system can run automatically for the complete multi-torch multi-layer weld. To achieve this, a laser vision sensor and a special image processing algorithm have been made. Also, the multi-torch welding system can be applicable for fine grained steel because of the high welding speed and lower heat input compared to a conventional welding process.     

天然气输送钢管研究与应用中的几个热点问题

全面阐述了天然气输送钢管研究与应用中的热点问题：高压输送与高钢级管线钢的研究开发;抗HIC管线管及其技术条件;富气输送及其对钢管性能的要求;直缝埋弧焊管和螺旋缝埋弧焊管的比较与选择;输气钢管延性断裂的止裂;管线在近中性pH土壤环境中的应力腐蚀开裂;管线管的残余应力及控制;高强度管线钢的屈强比问题;在役管道的适用性评价及风险管理等。     

低合金高强钢的焊接工艺研究

通过对低合金高强度结构钢的焊接影响因素的分析,为制定合理的焊接工艺提供了依据,应用该工艺保证了低合金高强度钢的焊接效果。     

双电极焊条熔滴过渡的特点及形式

用激光背光高速摄像系统研究了双电极焊条的熔滴过渡，阐述了双电极焊条熔滴过渡的特点，基于试验结果，总结了双电极焊条熔滴过渡的各种形式。双电极焊条单弧焊，工件不接电源，熔滴的过渡方向与电流方向不同，电弧对药皮的加热易于使焊芯两边药皮产生滞熔，形成两边尖中间凹的套筒形状，从而有利于熔滴以渣壁过渡形式过渡。钛钙型双电极碳钢焊条和不锈钢焊条具有渣壁过渡、喷射过渡和爆炸过渡等多种过渡形式，以细熔滴渣壁过渡为主，而石墨型堆焊焊条主要以粗熔滴渣壁过渡为主。     

高铬铸铁自保护堆焊药芯焊丝的研制

研制了一种新型高铬铸铁堆焊药芯焊丝,其单道单层堆焊室温硬度为HRC48左右,便于切削加工,焊道层金属具有良好的抗裂性。该焊丝的最大特点是堆焊时采用普通埋弧焊机,不需加入任何保护气体和焊剂即能顺利进行堆焊,节省了保护气体或焊剂,简化了操作过程。介绍了焊丝设计原理及堆焊层金属的有关性能。     

Application of Taguchi philosophy for parametric optimization of bead geometry and HAZ width in submerged arc welding using a mixture of fresh flux and fused flux

Taguchi philosophy has been applied for obtaining optimal parametric combinations to achieve desired weld bead geometry and dimensions related to the heat-affected zone (HAZ), such as HAZ width in the present case, in submerged arc welding. The philosophy and methodology proposed by Dr. Genichi Taguchi can be used for continuous improvement in products that are produced by submerged arc welding. This approach highlights the causes of poor quality, which can be eliminated by self-adjustment among the values of the process variables if they tend to change during the process. Depending on functional requirements of the welded joint, an acceptable weldment should confirm maximum penetration, minimum reinforcement, minimum bead width, minimum HAZ width, minimum bead volume, etc. to suit its area of application. Hence, there exists an increasing demand to evaluate an optimal parameter setting that would fetch the desired yield. This could be achieved by optimization of welding variables. Based on Taguchi’s approach, the present study has been aimed at integrating statistical techniques into the engineering process. Taguchi’s L9 (3**3) orthogonal array design has been adopted and experiments have been accordingly conducted with three different levels of conventional process parameters using welding current and flux basicity index to obtain bead-on-plate weld on mild steel plates. Features of bead geometry and HAZ in terms of bead width, reinforcement, depth of penetration and HAZ width have been measured for each experimental run. The slag, generated during welding, has been consumed in further runs by mixing it with fresh unmelted flux. The percentage of slag in the mixture of fused flux (slag) and fresh flux has been defined as slag-mix%. Welding has been performed by using varying slag-mix%, treated as another process variable, in order to obtain the optimum amount of slag-mix that can be used without any alarming adverse effect on features of bead geometry and HAZ. This would lead to ‘waste to wealth’.