合金元素对大线能量焊接用钢组织性能的影响

为阐明钢中常用合金元素对大线能量焊接热影响区粗晶区(CGHAZ)的影响规律,设计了不同合金质量分数的试验钢,并进行氧化物冶金工艺处理,考察了各试验钢模拟焊接CGHAZ冲击韧性和组织特征。结果表明,低碳高锰有利于韧性的改善,但存在合适的碳质量分数范围,极低碳时需抑制晶界铁素体生成;添加质量分数为0.01%的铌时可保持较高的CGHAZ韧性,但过量的铌促进贝氏体生成而导致韧性恶化;添加质量分数为0.05%的钒时能提高基体强度并保持优良CGHAZ韧性,更高质量分数时因碳化物大量析出导致韧性下降;在一定范围内提高镍和铜质量分数可综合改善钢板强度和CGHAZ韧性;铬和钼的添加可抑制晶界转变产物,促进微细针状铁素体组织生成,但在试验钢成分下较多的M/A使得CGHAZ韧性未得到有效改善。     

低碳贝氏体高强钢Q690CFD焊接粗晶区组织韧性

利用Gleeble-2000热模拟试验机对低碳贝氏体高强钢Q690CFD进行不同焊接工艺下的热模拟试验,研究焊接条件下热影响区粗晶区(CGHAZ)组织、韧性及其变化规律.结果表明:CGHAZ组织为板条马氏体;CGHAZ韧性在800～500℃随冷却时间增大而降低;在合适的条件下焊接,CGHAZ可获得很好低温韧性.同时对粗...     

钒微合金钢粗晶热影响区的组织和韧性

 利用Gleeble-3800模拟焊接粗晶热影响区（CGHAZ）经历的热循环过程。比较了热输入100 kJ/cm条件下,V钢、V-N钢、V-Ti钢和V-N-Ti钢CGHAZ的组织和韧性,并分析了析出相情况。结果表明,CGHAZ的韧性从高到低依次为V-N-Ti钢、V-Ti钢、V-N钢和V钢;在V钢成分基础上添加钛可以有效细化原始奥氏体晶粒尺寸;V-Ti钢成分基础上增氮,一方面促进了（Ti,V）（C,N）/TiN的析出,抑制了原始奥氏体晶粒的粗化;另一方面促进了V（C,N）的析出,其促进了多边形铁素体的形成;多边形铁素体数量的增加能够减弱自由氮对韧性的破坏,同时有效改善了CGHAZ韧性。     

大线能量焊接用钢CGHAZ冲击韧性内在机理分析

针状铁素体(AF)一直被认为是提升大线能量焊接用钢粗晶热影响区(CGHAZ)韧性最有效的组织之一,但在一些试验中,有时即使发现CGHAZ中有大量AF组织,韧性也并不好。为了研究大线能量焊接用钢CGHAZ中不同类型组织及夹杂物对其冲击韧性的影响作用,从CGHAZ冲击试验出发,借鉴前人研究经验,对影响CGHAZ韧性的主要因素进行深入分析。结果显示,CGHAZ中微米级夹杂物容易成为裂纹萌生点,而晶内位错效应、冲击触发的体积效应等可以抑制裂纹传播,CGHAZ中析出的少量纳米级碳氮化物可以提升AF形核能力,增强CGHAZ韧性和强度,但当析出粒子过多时,会降低CGHAZ韧性。     

焊接热输入对Nb-Ti钢CGHAZ组织韧性影响

为了探究Nb Ti钢合适的焊接热输入范围并指导实际焊接工艺过程,利用Formastor F Ⅱ型自动相变测量仪和Gleeble 3800热模拟试验机研究了焊接热输入对Nb Ti钢相变温度、组织和韧性的影响规律。结果发现,当冷却速度大于6 ℃/s时,Nb Ti钢模拟CGHAZ的组织为粒状贝氏体和板条贝氏体,且随着冷却速度降低,板条贝氏体含量下降,粒状贝氏体含量增加;当冷却速度为6 ℃/s时,出现晶界铁素体组织,且随着冷却速度继续下降,晶界铁素体含量增加;当冷却速度不大于0.6 ℃/s时,组织为完全的铁素体和珠光体。随t8/5时间的增加,M A含量先增加后减少,在t8/5为178 s时,M A面积百分数达到最大值,为5.1%。当t8/5时间为144～178 s时,M A组元的含量是控制Nb Ti钢模拟CGHAZ区韧性的主要因素;当t8/5为256 s时,M A组元含量下降,粗大的晶界铁素体是控制Nb Ti钢模拟CGHAZ韧性的因素。     

含Mg夹杂物对低合金高强度钢CGHAZ韧性的影响

摘要：采用Ca、Mg处理工艺研究不同夹杂物粒子对200kJ/cm大线能量焊接低合金高强度钢CGHAZ冲击韧性的影响,对各个试样CGHAZ的显微组织,晶粒尺寸和冲击功进行观察和分析。试验结果表明,在低合金高强度钢CGHAZ中,Mg处理钢的冲击性能明显高于Ca处理钢,主要原因是含Mg夹杂物粒子析出能力比含Ca夹杂物粒子强,在焊接过程中,含Mg夹杂物粒子对CGHAZ组织的钉扎作用更加显著;同时提高针状铁素体的含量,延长裂纹扩展路径,提高断裂时吸收的能量,使样品韧性得到提升。     

Zr微合金化HSLA钢粗晶热影响区的组织和性能

用焊接热模拟法研究了Zr处理对 (%):≤ 0.18C-1.2～1.6Mn低合金高强度(HSLA)钢焊接粗晶热影响区(CGHAZ)组织和性能的影响。试验结果表明,Zr含量在0.01%～0.03%时,经过30～100kJ/cm线能量焊接热模拟后,CGHAZ的强度、塑性和-50℃冲击韧性都高于没有经过Zr处理的试验钢;Zr钢显微硬度(HV10)177～251,具有优良的焊接性。焊接线能量相同时,没有经过Zr处理试验钢CGHAZ的晶粒比Zr处理钢粗大;焊接线能量为 30kJ/cm时 ,各试验钢CGHAZ的组织以贝氏体为主 ,随着焊接线能量提高 ,CGHAZ中出现针状铁素体和少量珠光体。     

焊接热循环对07MnCrMoVR钢热影响区组织及韧性的影响

为深入分析07MnCrMoVR钢热影响区的脆化问题,采用热模拟技术和显微观察技术,对该钢热影响区的组织和性能进行了深入研究.研究结果表明:单次热循环时,粗晶区(CGHAZ)和临界区(ICHAZ)韧性恶化严重,晶粒长大及粒状贝氏体、M-A组元等非平衡组织的形成是粗晶区韧性恶化的主要原因.随着t8/5的增加,粗晶区冲击韧性...     

钒微合金化钢的热影响区韧性

研究了结构钢单道次焊接接头,尤其是靠近融合线位置的粗晶热影响区(CGHAZ)的组织和力学性能。通常,这个区域的韧性比母材和焊缝金属的韧性要低很多,所以CGHAZ是最容易发生断裂的薄弱位置。重点关注钒微合金化钢板,并且与相同强度级别的铌微合金化钢板进行对比。为了充分利用钒的强化效果,有必要将氮含量提高至0.01%;为优化钢的性能,必须考虑钒与氮的配合。     

大线能量焊接用钢热影响区组织和性能的研究进展

工程结构向大型化、高参数化方向发展，促进了大线能量焊接技术的应用，因此使传统的低合金高强度钢焊接粗晶热影响区(CGHAZ)的性能恶化，相应地对钢板提出了抗大线能量焊接的要求。为提高CGHAZ的性能，国内外广泛研究奥氏体晶粒、二次组织和针状铁素体对CGHAZ性能的影响。Ti微合金化和针状铁素体组织有利于提高CGHAZ的综合性能。     

TMCP特厚E500钢板模拟焊接热影响区的组织与性能

 测试了特厚（80 mm）TMCP海工钢板E500模拟焊接粗晶区（coarse grained heat affected zone, CGHAZ）连续冷却相变曲线;采用扫描电镜（SEM）、示波冲击试验、电子背散射衍射（EBSD）等技术,研究CGHAZ以及后续再加热峰值温度[t2p]对其组织性能的影响。结果表明,CGHAZ的显微硬度值（HV10）、冲击功及大角度晶界（大于15°）分数均随着焊接热输入量[E]的增大而减小;[E]≤50 kJ/cm,组织以细密板条贝氏体（LB）为主,不同位向的板条束之间存在大角度晶界,对裂纹扩展的阻碍作用强;随着[E]增大,组织逐渐转变成粗大粒状贝氏体（GB）,GB中的亚晶界取向差为3°～15°,对裂纹扩展的阻碍作用减弱。[t2p]为750 ℃时,各种热输入条件的临界加热粗晶区（IRCGHAZ）均呈现脆性断裂,显微组织出现网状MA组元。[E]≤50 kJ/cm,[t2p]高于850 ℃时,再加热粗晶区大角度晶界分数增加,冲击韧性得到显著改善,呈现韧性断裂。     

Microstructure and Property of Coarse Grain HAZ X80 Pipeline Steel

The coarse grain HAZ microstructure and property of X80 pipeline steel with different carbon content was investigated. The weld thermal simulation test was carried out on Gleeble 1500 thermal mechanical test machine. The Charpy tests were completed at --20 ℃ for evaluating the toughness of coarse grain heat affected zone （CGHAZ）. The microstructure was examined by optical microscope （OM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and the austenite constituent was quantified by X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the ultra-low carbon can improve the toughness of CGHAZ by suppressing the formation of carbide, decreasing the martensite austenite （M-A） constituent and increasing the residual austenite in the M A.     

The significant impact of Ti content on microstructure–toughness relationship in the simulated coarse-grained heated-affected zone of high-strength low-alloy steels

This study aims to investigate the influence of Ti addition on microstructure and toughness in the simulated coarse-grained heated-affected zone (CGHAZ) of high-strength low-alloy steels. The steels with low and high Ti content respectively were subjected to 100?kJ/cm heat input welding thermal cycle. The results indicated that the second-phase particles were mainly oxide covered with MnS and fine (Ti,Nb)N precipitate in low-Ti steel, which were modified to the oxide surrounded by TiN and coarse (Ti,Nb)N precipitate in high-Ti steel. Compared with low-Ti steels, the coarser precipitates induced larger austenite grain in CGHAZ of high-Ti steel. Moreover, the wrapping of TiN decreases the ability of inclusion to promote the nucleation of acicular ferrite, resulting in lower fraction of acicular ferrite in CGHAZ of high-Ti steel. Content of martensite-austenite constituent increased in CGHAZ of high-Ti steel. They were all responsible for the degeneration in toughness in CGHAZ of high-Ti steel.     

Effect of magnesium addition in low carbon steel part 2: toughness and microstructure of the simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone

A critical investigation into the role of Mg on the toughness and microstructure of coarse grain heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) in low carbon steel has been investigated. In this research, the specimens (Mg-free and Mg-added) underwent weld thermal cycle with heat input of 54, 80, and 100?kJ?cm^?1 at 1350°C peak temperature using a thermal simulator. The typical inclusions characteristics were characterised by means of scanning electron microscopy and equilibrium calculations. The precipitates were characterised by transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. It is revealed that the occurrence of Mg in steel mostly exists in the form of Mg-Al-O oxide inclusions, but a few in the form of solid solution state and (Nb,Ti)(C,N)+MgO precipitates when the concentration of Mg is 0.0026%. The improvement of CGHAZ toughness is obtained when the heat input is 80 and 100?kJ?cm^?1. The possible reasons about the effects of Mg on the toughness of CGHAZ, including Mg-Al-O inclusions, precipitates, and soluble Mg, are discussed in detail.     

高铌X80管线钢焊接粗晶区组织和性能研究

采用焊接热模拟技术对高铌X80管线钢进行了热模拟试验,研究了在不同焊接热模拟工艺下贝氏体组织的转变及冲击韧性的变化.结果表明:在不同的焊接热循环条件下,焊接粗晶区组织主要是板条贝氏体和粒状贝氏体.冷却时间t8/5为10 s时,适量的粒状贝氏体起到了分割板条贝氏体的作用,且MA岛的数量较少,呈粒状均匀分布于奥氏体内,使得...     

Weldability of 610MPa Grade High Strength Plate Steel 12MnNiVR for Oil Storage Tanks

The weldability of 12MnNiVR was examined in terms of the simulated HAZ continuous cooling transformation (SH-CCT) diagram,microstructure and mechanical properties of the simulated coarse grain heat-affected zone (CGHAZ).When t 8/5 is shorter,the microstructure mainly consists of lath bainite.When t 8/5 is 60 s,the microstructure becomes coarser bainite.Some acicular ferrite appears beside lath bainite when t 8/5 =100s.Finally,a microstructure composed of polygonal ferrite,acicular ferrite,and small amount pearlite is obtained with a small amount of bainite at t 8/5 >100s.With the increase of t 8/5,the hardness of CGHAZ decreases considerably.The minimum impact toughness of CGHAZ appears at t 8/5 =100s.The hardness and the toughness of CGHAZ remain above the specified values for steel 12MnNiVR.     

Characterization of HAZ of API X70 Microalloyed Steel Welded by Cold-Wire Tandem Submerged Arc Welding

High-strength low-carbon microalloyed steels may be adversely affected by the high-heat input and thermal cycle that they experience during tandem submerged arc welding. The heat-affected zone (HAZ), particularly the coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ), i.e., the region adjacent to the fusion line, has been known to show lower fracture toughness compared with the rest of the steel. The deterioration in toughness of the CGHAZ is attributed to the formation of martensite-austenite (M-A) constituents, local brittle zones, and large prior austenite grains (PAG). In the present work, the influence of the addition of a cold wire at various wire feed rates in cold-wire tandem submerged arc welding, a recently developed welding process for pipeline manufacturing, on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the HAZ of a microalloyed steel has been studied. The cold wire moderates the heat input of welding by consuming the heat of the trail electrode. Macrostructural analysis showed a decrease in the CGHAZ size by addition of a cold wire. Microstructural evaluation, using both tint etching optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, indicated the formation of finer PAGs and less fraction of M-A constituents with refined morphology within the CGHAZ when the cold wire was fed at 25.4 cm/min. This resulted in an improvement in the HAZ impact fracture toughness. These improvements are attributed to lower actual heat introduced to the weldment and lower peak temperature in the CGHAZ by cold-wire addition. However, a faster feed rate of the cold wire at 76.2 cm/min adversely affected the toughness due to the formation of slender M-A constituents caused by the relatively faster cooling rate in the CGHAZ.     

热输入对海工钢板EQ47焊接热影响区组织与冲击性能的影响

 利用Gleeble热模拟研究了热输入对海工钢板EQ47热影响区组织和冲击性能的影响,并用多道次气保焊接试验加以验证。粗晶区（CGHAZ）热模拟结果表明：t8/5≤6s(17kJ/cm),该区组织为板条马氏体（LM）,其-40℃冲击功大于200J;t8/5增加到13s(25kJ/cm),CGHAZ组织中出现了上贝氏体（UB）,其冲击功下降到100J;当t8/5达到20s(30kJ/cm)时,UB开始粗大并导致其冲击韧性小于30J。临界粗晶热影响区（ICCGHAZ）模拟结果表明：晶界M-A组元的出现恶化了该区冲击韧性,其冲击功将由t8/5=6s时的100J下降到13和20s时的37和21J。多道次气保焊接接头组织特征与热模拟结果吻合,接头HAZ冲击功（熔合线）由热输入17kJ/cm的134~215J下降到25kJ/cm时的39~95J。结果表明,为确保焊接接头HAZ的冲击韧性,焊接热输入应小于等于17kJ/cm。     

Toughness improvement by Zr addition in the simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone of high-strength low-alloy steels

The effect of Zr addition on the microstructure and impact toughness in the coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) of high-strength low-alloy steels subjected to 100?kJ?cm^-1 heat input was investigated. The second- phase particles were mainly Al–Ti complex oxides and (Ti,Nb)N precipitates in Zr-free steel, whereas lots of finer Zr–Al–Ti complex oxides and (Al,Ti,Nb)N precipitates were formed in Zr-bearing steel because of Zr addition. These finer oxides and precipitates effectively restricted the austenite grain growth by pinning effect during welding thermal cycle, and smaller and more uniform prior austenite grains were obtained in CGHAZ of Zr-bearing steel. Furthermore, more acicular ferrite grains nucleated on Zr–Al–Ti complex oxides, inducing formation of fine-grained microstructure in CGHAZ of Zr-bearing steel. The toughness improvement in CGHAZ of Zr-bearing steel with dimple fracture surface was attributed to the grain refinement by pinning effect and acicular ferrite formation.