VRML 的语言结构

ＶＲＭＬ的语言结构ＶＲＭＬ（虚拟现实造型语言）用来在Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ网上建造虚拟世界。它的基础一个是ＷｏｒｌｄＷｉｄｅＷｅｂ，利用ＨＴＴＰ协议传输数据；另外一个是ＳＧＩ设计的ＯｐｅｎＩｎｒｅｎｔｏｒ文件格式。设计目标是使ＶＲＭＬ成为一个标准的语言，能...     

VRML技术在黑河水资源决策支持系统中的应用

ＶＲＭＬ是英文ＶｉｒｔｕａｌＲｅａｌｉｔｙＭｏｄｅｌｉｎｇＬａｎｇｕａｇｅ——虚拟现实造型语言的缩写,它能在Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ上设计并创建丰富多彩的三维动态虚拟世界。因而,它为地球科学工作者提供了一种全新的交互感应技术来模拟真实的三维地理现象。运用ＶＲＭＬ技术,在开发基于Ｗｅｂ的黑河水资源决策支持系统中进行了有益尝试,用ＶＲＭＬ２．０编写程序并结合ＧＩＳ技术,在网上显示了三维虚拟的黑河流域全景图,并且能够在各种位置、以各种视角和各种缩放比例对黑河全貌及其细节进行动态的观察和研究。文章最后对虚拟现实技术在水资源决策支持系统中的应用前景进行了展望。     

用VRML语言构造动态虚拟现实模型

用 ＶＲＭＬ２、０语言构造动态虚拟现实模型的几种方法,针对每种方法给出了 ＶＲＭＬ语法实例,并着重介绍了插值器在制作对象动画中的重要作用。     

基于Java的DHTML技术及其在网上邮票查询系统中的应用

ＤＨＴＭＬ技术以及使用Ｊａｖａ语言实现ＤＨＴＭＬ的技术,运用基于Ｊａｖａ的ＤＨＴＭＬ开发网上邮票查询系统的过程。     

第二代WEB中的VRML实现技术研究

本文论述了虚拟现实、虚拟现实技术及基于ＶＲＭＬ的虚拟现实技术的概况,探讨了在第二代Ｗｅｂ上的ＶＲＭＬ虚拟境界的生成技术,提出了在ＭＶＲＣ系统中用Ｊａｖａ Ａｐｐｌｐｅｔ借助ＶＲＭＬ的外部程序接口ＥＡＩ访问ＶＲＭＬ虚拟境界及人－机交互地生成ＶＲＭＬ虚拟空间的方法,最后给出了ＶＲＭＬ的使用与开发条件。     

VRML-带你走进万维网上三维世界

本文介绍万维网上用于信息交换的一种全新工具———虚拟现实建模语言（ＶＲＭＬ），并介绍它在不同领域的一些应用。     

虚拟现实造型语言VRML2.0的特征

虚拟现实造型语言ＶＲＭＬ２．０的特征本文对ＶＲＭＬ２．０规范作一个简短的高层次的概括。目的是提供有关ＶＲＭＬ２．０主要特征的一些总的概念。ＶＲＭＬ２．０的特点ＶＲＭＬ１．０提供了创建和观察静态三维世界的方法；ＶＲＭＬ２．０的目的在于提供一个比静态的Ｖ...     

XML：一种广泛应用的数据格式描述语言

ＸＭＬ是刚刚兴起的用于描述在网上用于数据交换的数据文档的格式的一种语言标准。这篇文章介绍了ＸＭＬ的基本概念和应用背景,着重阐明了ＸＭＬ的数据内容和应用独立的设计原则和由此使ＸＭＬ具有种种的优越性。最后本文展望了ＸＭＬ的最新动向和宽广的应用前景。     

XML:一种将广泛应用的数据格式描述语言

Ｘ Ｍ Ｌ是刚刚兴起的用于描述在网上用于数据交换的数据文档的格式的一种语言标准。这篇文章介绍了 Ｘ Ｍ Ｌ 的基本概念和应用背景,着重阐明了 Ｘ Ｍ Ｌ 的数据内容和应用的独立的设计原则和由此使 Ｘ Ｍ Ｌ 具有的种种的优越性。最后本文展望了 Ｘ Ｍ Ｌ 的最新动向和宽广的应用前景。     

VRML在分子模型中的应用

介绍了虚拟现实模型语言（ＶＲＭＬ,Ｖｉｒｔｕａｌ Ｒｅａｌｉｔｙ Ｍｏｄｅｌｉｎｇ Ｌａｎｇｕａｇｅ）及其在全球信息网（ＷＷＷ,Ｗｏｕｌｄ Ｗｉｄｅ Ｗｅｂ）上 分子模型中的应用,并介绍了我们开发的把表征分子三维结构的ＭＯＬ２或ＭＬ２格式文件转换为４种显示模式（线型、棍型、球棍型和空间充满型）ＶＲＭＬ格式文件的软件。最后,给出了／个应用实例。结果表明,ＶＲＭＬ适合于ＷＷＷ上分子模型的传输和显示。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.