间隙约束悬臂梁系统的动力学行为实验研究

在实验中，以受间隙约束的悬臂梁系统为模型，对该系统在简谐激励下存在的各种非线性动态响应状态进行了定性的研究，并利用Matlab软件对实验数据进行处理，绘制出相图。通过分析，得出不同的响应状态随系统参数变化的演变规律，为理论研究提供实验依据，从而促进非线性振动理论的发展。     

砧骨激励式压电振子听力补偿性能实验

针对传统压电式人工中耳输出增益较小、工作频带窄的问题,提出利用压电叠堆型压电振子激振砧骨体来补偿听力。为验证该方案的可行性,搭建由送声器、测声探管、压电振子及激光测振仪等构成的颞骨实验台,对振子动态特性、听骨链在声激励下及压电振子激振下的动态特性进行了测量。通过对比分析镫骨在两种激励下的运动情况,研究压电振子的听力补偿情况。结果显示,该砧骨激励式压电振子在低功耗、低电压下,便能对听力损伤进行有效补偿。此外,该压电振子听力补偿时还具有高频性能优异的特点,一方面在同等驱动电压下,高频补偿能力更强,能激起高达130 dB鼓膜声激励对应的运动幅度;另一方面,对高频段听力补偿时,具有较高的清晰度。     

一种超声手术刀推挽激励换能器的研究

设计了一种超声手术刀用的新型推挽激励换能器。它是在夹心式单晶堆压电超声换能器的经典构造基础上,把原先激励一组压电陶瓷晶片堆的方式,改为同时施加反相激励的前后两组晶堆。利用有限元方法,对该推挽激励换能器进行模态分析和频率响应分析。在相同大小的电压激励下,相对单晶堆换能器,推挽激励换能器可以获得更高的工作带宽和机电耦合系数,提高了换能器的电声转换效率。按照仿真结果加工推挽激励换能器,实现良好的动力学和电学特性,满足设计要求。     

间接激励压电发电机的建模仿真与试验研究

为满足旋转机械监测系统的自供电需求、解决现有压电发电机可靠性低及有效带宽窄等问题,提出一种基于移动凸轮间接激励并限幅的旋转式压电发电机(简称间接激励压电发电机).介绍了发电机的结构原理并进行了建模仿真与试验测试,获得了激励磁铁数量比、凸轮升程及升角对激振力形式/幅值、压电振子变形量/输出电压及发电机带宽等的影响规律.结...     

基于谐波平衡法的双稳态压电发电系统非线性振动特性研究

研究双稳态压电发电系统非线性振动特性。通过谐波平衡法计算获得系统幅频响应方程,分析不同非线性系数、阻抗参数与激励对系统幅值解影响,随激励频率、幅值的变化,双稳态压电发电系统幅值解存在跳跃、多解现象,调节非线性系数及阻抗参数可使不稳定区域范围最小;研究外加激励对功率影响,随非线性系数及阻抗参数的增加,输出功率先增加后减小,通过调节磁化强度与负载阻抗可使系统输出功率最大;通过实验所得频率电压响应曲线及电阻功率响应曲线,验证系统非线性分析结果。可为双稳态压电发电系统工程应用提供理论依据。     

磁力非线性耦合的I-L组合压电梁俘能器发电性能试验研究EI北大核心CSCD

针对线性的压电振动俘能器俘能频带过窄,输出较低等问题,提出了一种磁力非线性耦合的I-L组合压电梁俘能器。俘能器由带永磁铁的I型压电梁和L型压电梁组成,可通过调节两永磁铁间的水平距离,得到不同的非线性磁力耦合效应。试验结果表明:存在最优电阻使压电俘能系统的输出功率最大;对比无磁力系统,磁力耦合的I-L组合压电梁俘能器共振频率发生了明显的偏移:I型压电梁向左偏移,L型压电梁向右偏移,拓宽了系统的俘能频带;当激励加速度为0.2 g水平距离为20 mm、激振频率为18.4 Hz时,俘能器最大可得到1.2 mW的输出功率。     

Electrical power generation characteristics of piezoelectric generator under quasi-static and dynamic stress conditions

The electrical characteristics of a piezoelectric power generator are investigated under quasi-static (duration >100 ms) and dynamic (stress duration <10 ms) stress applications. The electromechanical model of piezoelectric generator is presented and used to explain the effects of the two stress conditions. A computer simulation of the piezoelectric generator is used to compare the theoretical and experimental results. The simulation predicts that a quasi-static stress will produce a bidirectional generator output voltage, and a dynamic stress will produce a unidirectional output voltage. The simulation also predicts that, when equal stresses are applied to the generator, the dynamic stress will generate a 10/spl times/ higher output voltage than the quasi-static stress, contradicting results reported by other investigators. The output voltage is different for the two cases because of the generator's resistive capacitive (RC) time constant. The dynamic stress is applied in a time that is less than the generator's RC time constant, and the quasi-static stress is applied in a time greater than the generator's RC time constant. The piezoelectric capacitance has enough time to charge in the quasi-static case, resulting in the lower output voltage. The simulation results are experimentally verified for leaded zirconia titanate PZT 5H and PZT 5A materials. Simulated and experimental results are shown to be in good agreement.     

压电功能梯度层合梁的力-电-热耦合梁单元及最优振动控制

给出了一个压电功能梯度层合梁振动分析的两节点力-电-热耦合梁单元,并将其用于功能梯度层合梁的振动最优控制。在这个多场耦合梁单元中,功能梯度材料的等效力学性能用Voigt或Mori-Tanaka模型表征;梁的位移场用Shi改进的三阶剪切变形板理论描述;压电层的电势场用Layer-wise理论分层表征,且呈高阶非线性电势场的压电层可离散成数个子层。用Hamilton原理推导了压电功能梯度梁的力-电-热耦合单元列式,用拟协调元法给出了多场耦合梁单元的高计算效率的显式单元刚度矩阵,以及采用线性二次型(LQR)最优控制算法进行压电功能梯度层合梁的最优振动控制。使用所得力-电-热耦合梁单元进行了压电功能梯度层合梁的静力和动力分析。数值算例表明,所得力-电-热耦合梁单元可靠、准确和高效,LQR最优控制算法得到最优控制电压可有效抑制功能梯度梁的振动且实现控制系统能量的优化。     

Design and performance testing of an ultrasonic linear motor with dual piezoelectric actuators

In this work, design and performance testing of an ultrasonic linear motor with dual piezoelectric actuator patches are studied. The motor system consists of a linear stator, a pre-load weight, and two piezoelectric actuator patches. The piezoelectric actuators are bonded with the linear elastic stator at specific locations. The stator generates propagating waves when the piezoelectric actuators are subjected to harmonic excitations. Vibration characteristics of the linear stator are analyzed and compared with finite element and experimental results. The analytical, finite element, and experimental results show agreement. In the experiments, performance of the ultrasonic linear motor is tested. Relationships between velocity and pre-load weight, velocity and applied voltage, driving force and applied voltage, and velocity and driving force are reported. The design of the dual piezoelectric actuators yields a simpler structure with a smaller number of actuators and lower stator stiffness compared with a conventional design of an ultrasonic linear motor with fully laminated piezoelectric actuators.     

A sensor charge output deviation method for delamination detection using isolated piezoelectric actuator and sensor patches

Delamination is one of the most prevalent failure mechanisms for laminated composites. To secure the safety of composite structures, it is required and necessary to develop cost-effective and efficient delamination detection techniques and methods. In this paper, a dynamic analytical model, namely sensor charge output deviation method is proposed to identify a delamination embedded in a cantilever laminated composite beam bonded with isolated piezoelectric actuator and sensor patches. Two pairs of collocated piezoelectric patches are bonded on top and bottom surfaces of the beam and used as actuators for exciting the composite beam. Another piezoelectric patch with gridding electrode pattern on its top surface is bonded on the top surface of the host beam and is employed as a sensor to record the required voltage and thus the sensor charge output along the beam. The effects of some major geometric parameters and the type of applied electric voltage on the sensor charge output distribution and delamination detection sensitivity are discussed in this paper. A comparison between the analytical models using isolated piezoelectric actuator and sensor patches and that using integrated piezoelectric sensor/actuator layer, which was developed previously, is conducted. For the baseline case considered here, there is an excellent agreement of the first three order frequencies between the present finite element analysis and analytical models.     

Duffing振子激励下平板声振特性研究

针对非线性振动激励下结构声辐射问题,由变分原理导出Duffing振子激励下平板声振耦合动力学方程,由模态展开法及增量谐波平衡法导出轻流体中耦合动力学方程的近似解析解,给出多频激励下平板表面平均振速及辐射声功率表达式,研究激励力频率、非线性项对系统振动及声辐射特性影响。结果表明,Duffing振子激励下平板的声振耦合问题为含离散与连续系统的复杂动力学问题;耦合运动下Duffing振子出现二次跳跃现象与新的共振特性;平板声振特性主要由三次谐波决定。研究结果可为隔振结构的声振设计提供理论依据。     

钝体结构对纵振式压电气流发电机性能的影响

为满足管道监测系统的自供电需求,提出一种复合钝体扰流纵振式压电气流发电机.介绍了发电机的结构、工作原理.通过理论分析与实验测试研究了钝体结构对其性能的影响,证明了发电机原理的可行性.研究结果表明:平均阻力随流速及直径比增加呈二次方增长,平均阻力系数随直径比的增大而增大,最后趋于稳定(5.34);对于柔性钝体发电机,直径...     

Free and forced vibration of a functionally graded beam subjected to a concentrated moving harmonic load

In this paper, free vibration characteristics and the dynamic behavior of a functionally graded simply-supported beam under a concentrated moving harmonic load are investigated. The system of equations of motion is derived by using Lagrange’s equations under the assumptions of the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. Trial functions denoting the transverse and the axial deflections of the beam are expressed in polynomial forms. The constraint conditions of supports are taken into account by using Lagrange multipliers. It is assumed that material properties of the beam vary continuously in the thickness direction according to the exponential law and the power-law form. In this study, the effects of the different material distribution, velocity of the moving harmonic load, the excitation frequency on the dynamic responses of the beam are discussed. Numerical results show that the above-mentioned effects play very important role on the dynamic deflections of the beam.     

A dynamics model for nonlinear electrostrictive actuators

This paper examines the nonlinear vibration of an electrostrictive ceramic rod actuator excited by a harmonic voltage source. A frequency-domain model was developed using the nonlinear constitutive law for electrostriction. The results predict harmonic distortion of the device's displacement due to the ceramic's nonlinear behavior. AC voltage signal and DC voltage bias were studied to determine the optimum power source parameters for minimizing distortion. The calculations show that the rod's resonance frequency and amplitude depend on the electromechanical coupling strength and differ greatly for large AC voltages from the equivalent linear piezoelectric results. The nonlinear analysis relates the device's electromechanical coupling coefficient to the computed resonance and antiresonance frequencies. This important result could provide the basis for future measurement of the electrostrictive coupling coefficient using resonance techniques.     

Effect of subgrade on piezoelectric energy harvesting under traffic loads

Piezoelectric energy harvesting in roads generated by traffic loads was theoretically and experimentally investigated, and an indoor model of a layered road for piezoelectric transformation was developed using the traffic load model groove. Elastic double-layer beams resting on the subgrade soil were used to consider piezoelectric energy harvesting under traffic loads. Based on the vibration differential equations of elastic double-layer beams, the electromechanical equation was obtained using the Fourier transform. The experimental results of the piezoelectric energy harvesting were close to the theoretical ones, which indicated that the proposed method was useful in predicting piezoelectric energy harvesting from roads under traffic loads. The results also show that the influence of the transducer position on the output voltage and power should be considered, and that the thickness of the concrete panel and the condition of the subgrade soil can affect the output voltage and output power of the piezoelectric transducer. Moreover, the electrical energy was proportional to the vibration frequency and the excitation load.     

呼吸裂纹梁非线性动力特性研究

疲劳裂纹是结构损伤的重要形式,是引起结构破坏的主要因素之一。建立了含非对称疲劳裂纹梁的非线性数值分析模型,采用奇异单元模拟裂纹尖端的效应,使用无摩擦的接触单元模拟疲劳裂纹的张开闭合特性,研究了结构在简谐荷载激励下的非线性动力特性。以悬臂梁为例分别分析了外部激励频率、裂纹深度以及裂纹位置等参数的变化对系统非线性行为的影响,重点讨论了系统的亚谐、超谐等共振现象,并且提出了系统频率的相对幅值用于辨识裂纹深度的方法。研究结果为裂纹结构的损伤识别提供了一定的理论基础和参考。     

Vibration suppression of laminated composite beams with a piezo-electric damping layer

An analytical formulation is derived for modelling the behaviour of laminated composite beams with integrated piezoelectric sensor and actuator. The major difference in approach to the solution compared to previous studies is that the analytical solution for active vibration control and suppression of smart laminated composite beams is presented in this paper. The governing equation is based on the first-order shear deformation theory (Mindlin plate theory), which is applicable for both thin and moderately beams, and includes the coupling between mechanical and electrical deformations. The voltage generated by the sensor layer and response of the beam to the actuator voltage can be computed independently. In this study, the new assumption of harmonic vibration is introduced, which includes both of the sine and cosine terms. Another contribution of this paper is introducing the transformation method of complex numbers to reduce the order of the governing equation of smart laminated beams. Thus, the exact solution of the reduced governing equation can be obtained by using MATLAB and the entire numerical results are presented. The behaviour of the output voltage from the sensor layer and the input voltage acting on the actuator layer is also studied. Graphical results are presented to demonstrate the ability of closed-loop system to actively control the vibration of laminated beams and it shows a good control effect. The influence of stacking sequence on the controlled transient response of the laminated beam is examined. Finally, the experiential formulation of the amplitude of beam vibration varying with the negative velocity feedback control gain has also been evaluated. The present method has a general application in this field of study.     

小初始挠度两端固支屈曲梁的非线性动力学分析

两端固支屈曲梁是同时包含二、三次非线性项的系统。该研究在小初始挠度屈曲下,受基础激励力变化时系统的非线性动力学特性。利用Galerkin方法对屈曲梁的振动方程进行离散,采用变外激励力增量谐波平衡(IHB)法追踪屈曲梁的动力响应,并用Floquent理论对系统的周期解进行稳定性和分岔分析。研究发现,在小初始挠度屈曲下,梁的反对称模态并未被激发;而随着外激励力的变化,系统会发生倍周期分岔和鞍结分岔,导致解的突变。应用IHB法得到的计算结果与应用四阶Runge-Kutta法得到的数值结果吻合。     

基于响应的梁损伤识别

采用扭转弹簧模拟悬臂梁的损伤，导出了损伤梁位移模态和转角模态的近似公式，获得了损伤梁在单点激励下，零初始条件的位移和转角响应。发现损伤梁的转角响应在损伤处发生阶跃变化，而损伤梁的转角响应对位置的一阶偏导数在损伤处有脉冲两数型突变的特点，从而提出了基于损伤梁转角响应的损伤判据函数。通过对损伤梁和损伤桁架结构的数值模拟，表明提出的判据函数不仅可以利用简谐激励下的响应识别梁的损伤，电可以利用冲击激励下的响应识别桁架的损伤。实验结果表明利用所提出的判据函数，可以同时判别损伤的位置和损伤的程度。     

A sequential linear least square algorithm for tracking dynamic shapes of smart structures

This paper presents a sequential linear least square algorithm for tracking dynamic shapes of piezoelectric smart structures. The dynamic shape discussed in this paper is defined as a host structural shape varying with time, and the tracking technique is to find an electric voltage history for each piezoelectric device over a time period so that the desired structural movements can be achieved. In the theoretical formulation, dynamic equations of piezoelectric smart structures are introduced by finite element analysis, and then a solution procedure for a set of time‐dependent electric voltages is derived by combining the linear least square method and the Houbolt numerical integration scheme. The formulation indicates that this algorithm can be used to find the time‐dependent voltages for tracking structural movements of piezoelectric smart structures. The present novel formulation is then demonstrated through numerical examples for tracking dynamic shapes of piezoelectric smart beams and plates. The numerical results for the smart beam are compared with the experimental ones. It is shown that the present sequential linear least square algorithm is capable of efficiently simulating dynamic shape tracking for smart structures. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.