EPS系统中业务流模块研究

为了更好保证端到端的QoS机制,为用户提供差异化服务体验,EPS系统支持通过EPS承载对分组数据进行传送。本文通过对业务流模块(TFT)的研究,了解UE中上行分组过滤器(UL_PF)与EPS承载的关系,研究上行IP分组包与分组过滤器(PF)的匹配过程,给出一种PF与IP分组包之间的匹配实现方案,最终实现IP数组在EPS承载上传输。     

EPS系统中业务流模板研究

为了更好地保证端到端的QoS机制,为用户提供差异化服务体验,EPS系统支持通过EPS承载对分组数据进行传送。通过对业务流模板(TFT)的研究,了解UE中上行分组过滤器(UL_PF)与EPS承载的关系,研究上行IP分组包与分组过滤器(PF)的匹配过程,给出一种PF与IP分组包之间的匹配实现方案,最终实现IP数组在EPS承载上传输。     

LTE系统中业务流模板两种匹配方案的设计与比较

分组技术与移动通信技术结合后,为区分用户设备和网络之间不同服务质量的分组数据在对应链路上传输,使用了业务流模板(TFT)。对长期演进(LTE)系统架构进行介绍;对TFT的组成及其基本功能的介绍;在LTE系统中设计了TFT对上行分组数据的匹配速率方案,根据PF优先级索引(EPI)的优先匹配原理,设计出分组过滤器(PF)优先级(EPI)的匹配方案。再根据IP流中相同分组数据在短时间内到达,设计出PF动态重排匹配方案,通过两方案的匹配PF个数算法比较,PF动态重排匹配方案在提高IP分组数据的匹配成功效率更高。     

EPS系统中业务流模板硬件加速器设计

为了提供用户差异化服务体验,更好地保证端到端的QoS机制,EPS系统支持通过EPS承载对分组数据进行传送,有效地实现QoS参数之间的映射。通过对业务流模板(TFT)的研究,针对移动终端软件实现上行IP分组包与数据无线承载(DRB)的绑定过程中,存在影响终端速率和耗占系统资源的弊端,提出TFT功能硬化方案,提高IP分组包与UL_PF匹配速率,减少IP分组包与EPS承载的绑定及处理时间,最终实现IP数据在EPS承载上传输。     

LTE/SAE系统中EPS承载的研究与设计

为了更好地保证端到端的QoS机制,为用户提供差异化服务,LTE/SAE系统采用了EPS承载进行IP分组包的传输。通过对默认承载、专用承载、聚合资源调度、EPS承载架构等概念进行介绍,设计了满足LTE/SAE系统QoS机制的EPS承载。本方案对EPS承载的具体设计中在保证有效传输IP分组包的基础上缩短了会话建立时延,保证了QoS参数的有效映射。针对未来数据业务具有高速、突发性的特征,这种基于EPS承载传输IP分组包的应用,真正实现了用户的＂永远在线＂,提高了业务的数据速率。     

LTE系统中用户平面承载的研究与实现

LTE系统取消了QoS协商机制,采用网络端承载控制模式.用户平面引入EPS承载进行IP分组包的传输.研究并设计出满足LTE系统QoS机制的EPS承载,针对未来数据业务具有高速、突发性的特征,基于EPS承载传输IP分组包的应用,真正实现了用户的"永远在线",提高了业务的数据速率.     

一种新的IP分组丢弃策略PRDP

该文分析了IP业务在MPLS/DiffServ上运行的特点,从考虑业务量工程性能的角度出发提出了一种新的IP分组优先级的划分方法,并在此基础上给出了一种新的IP分组丢弃算法基于优先级的丢弃策略(PBDP)。考虑到随机早检测策略(RED)的优点,将PBDP与RED相结合,得到一种改进的算法基于优先级的RED策略(PRDP),仿真结果表明这种算法在提高全网性能上有优势,其性能优于传统的尾丢弃策略。     

SAE系统中QoS体系及EPS承载的研究与分析

为了满足高速率、全分组的无线接入系统,SAE采用承载级别的QoS控制体系,并且在UMTS的基础上简化了QoS参数。使用EPS承载实现用户的"IP永远在线"并且设置了GBR承载和Non-GBR承载以满足用户的不同需求。最后,结合SAE系统QoS体系和EPS承载的相关知识,对EPS承载的修改流程进行了研究和分析。     

5G参数与VoLTE配置优化降低EPS Fallback时延的研究

针对当前5G网络语音业务优化中,EPS Fallback(演进分组系统回落)时延较高影响语音感知的问题,对5G DRX(非连续接收)、事件发生到上报时间差参数优化与VoLTE(长期演进语音承载)配置优化进行研究。通过DCCH(专用控制信道)优先级、DRX功能、呼叫时延优化、事件上报时间差等关键参数优化,优化EPS Fallback时延,从而提升5G用户语音接通速度,提升用户语音业务感知。     

LTE系统MAC复用实体研究与设计

从LTE系统MAC层协议入手,结合具体实现,对复用实体进行了详细研究,并对复用涉 及的逻辑信道优先级、各个无线承载资源配置的具体问题进行了分析,完成复用过程设计。 为了使低优先级的承载也有获得数据传输的机会,采用令牌桶算法,通过限定每个承 载对应令牌桶中的令牌数量,完成各个承载的资源分配,避免了高优先级的数据无限承载（ DRB）独占资源,即按照Prioritised Bit Rate(PBR)、Bucket Size Duration(BSD)的数据 量,匹配各个逻辑信道的传输量,达到有效复用的目的,并按照测试要求,对测试例进行分 析,复用算法得到进一步验证,也和协议规范相一致,达到预期的设计效果。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.