不同Al2O3含量ZrO2(3Y)/Al2O3纳米复合粉体的制备与表征

采用化学共沉淀法制备了Al2O3数量分数为0%～30%的ZrO2(3Y)/Al2O3纳米复合粉体,研究了Al2O3含量和煅烧温度对粉体相结构、晶粒尺寸和晶格畸变的影响.结果表明800℃×2 h煅烧的复合粉体只出现t-ZrO2相,不出现Al2O3的任何晶相;Al2O3的添加抑制了ZrO2(3Y)晶粒的增长和四方相向单斜相的结构相变,使相变温度显著提高,晶格畸变增大.     

硅渣和玻璃粉直接烧结制备多孔材料的气孔结构与力学性能

以硅渣和玻璃粉为原料,采用粉体直接烧结法制备多孔材料,研究了烧结温度(700~900℃)、烧结时间(15~120min)和升温速率(10~100℃·min^-1)对多孔材料表观密度、气孔率、物相组成、抗压强度的影响。结果表明:气孔结构均匀性随烧结温度的升高而降低;表观密度随烧结温度的升高先减小后增大,随保温时间的延长而增大,随升温速率的增大而减小,气孔率的变化趋势与表观密度的相反;多孔材料的主要物相为玻璃相和硅、SiC、SiO2、Ca2Al2SiO7等结晶相,且结晶度随烧结温度的升高而降低;抗压强度随烧结温度的升高呈先增大后减小的趋势;当烧结温度为750℃,升温速率为30℃·min^-1,烧结时间为30 min时,多孔材料的主晶相为硅和Ca2Al2SiO7,抗压强度最大(1.60MPa),表观密度为0.43g·cm^-3,气孔率为80%。     

以活性炭为模板制备纳米ZrO2粉体

以活性炭为模板,尿素为沉淀剂,用沉积沉淀煅烧法制备了ZrO2纳米粉体,利用热重法(TG)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、比表面积(BET)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对粉体进行了表征.结果表明:加入活性炭后,前驱体在400℃以下质量损失较小,在400～600 ℃阶段损失较大,在600℃以上质量基本没有变化;活性炭的加入对ZrO2的粉体粒径影响不大,但ZrO2的比表面积有明显增加;随着尿素用量的增加,粉体粒径减小,同时四方相的比例增加;当硝酸锆与尿素摩尔比为1∶8,活性炭加入量为2.500g时,可制得粒径为12.5 nm、比表面积为43.931 m2·g-1、晶型为纯四方相的ZrO2粉体.     

ZrO2对激光烧结Al2O3/SiO2/ZrO2显微组织和显微硬度的影响

在Nd:YAG激光器低功率烧结的条件下,基于选择性激光烧结工艺（SLS）成形复相陶瓷Al2O3/SiO2/ZrO2材料,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射分析仪（XRD）和显微硬度计分别对激光烧结层加入ZrO2前后的表面形貌和断口形貌、表面物相、表面显微硬度进行了分析。结果表明,部分四方相ZrO2(t-ZrO2)相变成单斜相ZrO2(m-ZrO2),应力诱导微裂纹增韧作用和Al2O3弥散强化共同作用在某种程度上提高了烧结试样的断裂韧性,对于改善零件整体寿命和可靠性有着重要的意义。     

共沉淀法制备Ca0.6Mg0.4Zr4(PO4)6纳米粉体

采用共沉淀法,以Ca(NO3)2·4H2O、Mg(NO3)2·6H2O、ZrO(NO3)2·8H2O和NH4H2PO4为原料合成Ca0.6Mg0.4Zr4(PO4)6(C0.6M0.4ZP)纳米粉体,通过TG-DSC、XRD、TEM和纳米粒度/Zeta电位分析手段研究了反应过程pH值、反应物浓度配比和沉淀反应方式等对合成粉体的相组成、平均颗粒尺寸及其分布等的影响.结果表明:将Ca2 、Mg2 、Zr4 离子混合溶液加入到不同pH值的NH4H2PO4溶液中,并控制pH=3～11,沉淀物经900℃煅烧3 h后,可合成单相的C0.6M0.4ZP纳米粉体;当Zr4 浓度为0.5 mol/L、沉淀剂NH4H2PO4浓度为1.0 mol/L、pH=9时,合成粉体平均颗粒尺寸和粒径分布范围最小,分别为40 nm和20～70 nm.     

K_(0.5)Na_(0.5)NbO_3无铅压电陶瓷的烧结特性

为了制备高性能无铅压电陶瓷,采用固相合成法和水热法合成了(KxNa1-x)NbO3 (KNN)无铅压电陶瓷粉体.利用压制成型法在不同压力下成型,对不同粉体的烧结性能进行了对比,研究了粘结剂(PVA)添加量和陶瓷密度之间的关系,测量了用不同电压极化后陶瓷的压电特性,以及介电常数与温度之间的关系.结果表明:与固相合成法相比,水热合成的粉体有更好的烧结性,添加K会降低陶瓷的烧结性,陶瓷的密度对烧结温度非常敏感.1 050 ℃保温2 h得到的K0.5Na0.5NbO3陶瓷具有较高的压电常数d33 (90 pC/N),该陶瓷的居里温度为410 ℃.     

碳热/硼热还原法制备ZrB_2-SiC复合粉体

以氧化锆、氧化硅、氧化硼及活性炭为原料,采用碳热/硼热还原法制备了ZrB_2-SiC复合粉体,并对合成过程进行了热力学分析,研究了反应温度以及活性炭含量对复合粉体物相组成和显微结构的影响。结果表明:在1 400~1 450℃温度范围可以合成ZrB_2-SiC复合粉体;提高反应温度有利于合成ZrB_2-SiC复合粉体,经1 450℃保温3h反应可以得到较纯的ZrB_2-SiC复合粉体;活性炭过量50%和75%(物质的量分数)条件下制备的复合粉体的物相组成基本相同。     

高能球磨结合固相反应合成Ti_4AlN_3粉体

以物质的量比为1∶1∶3的钛粉、铝粉和TiN粉为原料,经普通混料机和不同转速高能球磨两种方式混料处理后,再在1 100~1 300℃真空反应烧结合成了Ti4AlN3粉体,研究了产物的物相和形貌、混合原料的物相以及烧结温度对合成Ti4AlN3的影响,确定了合成Ti4AlN3粉体的最适宜工艺。结果表明:以400r·min-1转速高能球磨3h后再在1 300℃反应2h是合成Ti4AlN3粉体的最适宜工艺。     

反应烧结制备AlON-AlN复相陶瓷及其性能

以AlN和Al2O3为原料、Y2O3为烧结助剂,在氮气气氛下无压反应烧结制备了AlON-AlN复相陶瓷;用XRD及SEM等方法对复相陶瓷的物相组成和显微结构进行了表征;研究了烧结温度、Al2O3及Y2O3加入量对复相陶瓷的烧结性能、力学性能和热导率的影响。结果表明:在1 650~1 800℃范围内反应烧结可以得到AlON-AlN复相陶瓷;其抗弯强度和热导率均随着烧结温度的升高先增大后减小,分别在1 750℃与1 700℃时达到最大值(378 MPa,38 W.m-1.K-1);随着Al2O3加入量的增加,复相陶瓷的抗弯强度先增大后减小,当Al2O3加入量为30%时达到最大值,其热导率则随着Al2O3加入量的增加呈明显下降趋势;随着Y2O3加入量的增加,抗弯强度不断增大,而热导率则先增大后减小,在Y2O3加入量为3%时达到最大值41 W.m-1.K-1。     

烧结温度对放电等离子烧结AlCoCrFeNi2.1高熵合金性能的影响

采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术在不同烧结温度(850,950,1 050,1 150℃)保温5min条件下制备AlCoCrFeNi_(2.1)高熵合金,研究了烧结温度对合金的烧结性能、物相组成、微观形貌和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着烧结温度升高,合金表面气孔数量逐渐减少,合金相对密度增大;当烧结温度升至1 150℃时,合金颗粒间形成了良好的冶金结合;随着烧结温度升高,烧结合金的显微硬度和屈服强度均先增后降,当烧结温度为1 050℃时,烧结合金的显微硬度和屈服强度最大;烧结合金的断裂机制为沿晶断裂和穿晶断裂。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.