电泳-电沉积制备纳米Al_2O_3增强镍基复合镀层中纳米颗粒的分布状态

采用电泳-电沉积技术制备了纳米Al2O3增强镍基复合镀层,并采用扫描电镜及其附带能谱仪分析了镀层中纳米颗粒的分布状态,运用正交试验法研究了电泳液中纳米颗粒含量、电泳沉积电压、电泳沉积时间以及电沉积阴极电流密度等工艺参数对复合镀层中纳米颗粒分布均匀性的影响.结果表明:电泳液中纳米颗粒含量及电沉积阴极电流密度是影响镀层中纳米颗粒分布均匀性的主要因素,而电泳沉积电压和电泳沉积时间的影响相对较小;在电泳液中A12O3纳米颗粒含量为8 g·L-1、电沉积阴极电流密度为0.5 A·dm-2时,可制得纳米颗粒均匀分布的纳米复合镀层.     

电沉积镍基复合镀层的研究进展

电沉积法是目前制备镍基复合镀层的重要方法。介绍了不同电沉积法的特点,综述了电流密度、镀液pH、表面活性剂、第二相颗粒含量和尺寸等工艺参数对镍基复合镀层质量的影响,总结了镍基复合镀层的种类及应用现状,最后对电沉积镍基复合镀层的未来发展方向进行了展望。     

微纳米复合电沉积影响因素及在电刷镀中的应用

介绍了纳米颗粒ξ电位、悬浮稳定机制等在复合电沉积及纳米复合电刷镀中的应用,概述了电流密度、镀液pH值、搅拌、温度等工艺参数对复合电沉积及纳米复合电刷镀过程的影响。     

电沉积制备纳米晶镍-钨-稀土合金镀层工艺及性能

采用电沉积技术制备了纳米晶镍-钨-稀土合金镀层,重点研究了其制备工艺及镀层性能,探讨了电流密度、电沉积时间、镀液中稀土含量、镀液pH值和镀液温度等因素对镀层沉积速率的影响;用SEM、XRD、EDS、阳极极化曲线等方法分析了镀层的表面形貌、结构、组成、耐蚀性和抗氧化性等。结果表明:合金镀层的最佳制备工艺条件为电流密度9.5 A·dm~(-2)、镀液pH值7、电沉积时间70 min、镀液温度50℃、镀液中NdCl_3添加量4.5 g·L~(-1)或镀液中Ce(SO_4)_2添加量3 g·L~(-1);添加稀土元素钕、铈后合金镀层表面颗粒排列致密、均匀,表面无裂纹,其抗高温氧化性和耐蚀性能与硬铬镀层比较相差较小。     

Ni-La2O3纳米复合镀层制备工艺研究

将La2O3纳米颗粒添加到氨基磺酸镍镀液中采用电沉积方法制备Ni-La2O3纳米复合镀层，研究了多种因素对复合镀层中La2O3含量的影响，分析了复合镀层的表面形貌和显微硬度。结果表明：试验条件下最佳工艺为电流密度2A／dm^2、镀液温度50℃、搅拌速度800r／min、镀液中La2O3含量30g／L；与纯镍镀层相比，复合镀层表面平整光滑、组织致密均匀；其显微硬度也高于纯镍镀层，并随着复合镀层中La2O3含量的增加而升高。     

Ni-ZrO2纳米复合电沉积工艺参数优选研究

在纳米复合电沉积工艺中,通过优选工艺参数可以获得纳米颗粒复合量较高的复合沉积层,以使其具有某些优越的性能.笔者首先运用正交实验法优选了对复合沉积层中纳米颗粒复合量有较大影响的工艺参数,诸如镀液中ZrO2颗粒悬浮量、阴极电流密度和镀液温度等,然后用BP神经网络分析方法对其结果进行分析处理.预测并得到纳米颗粒复合量更高的复...     

超声-电沉积纳米Ni-TiN复合镀层及其表征

采用超声-电沉积法制备了纳米Ni-TiN复合镀层。通过实验分析，确定出制备纳米Ni-TiN复合镀层的最佳工艺参数，利用扫描电镜(SEM)和高分辨电子显微镜(HREM)观察复合镀层的表面形貌和显微组织。结果表明：镍晶粒和TiN颗粒都是以纳米数量级尺寸的形式存在于该复合镀层中。     

添加纳米MoS2镍-磷化学复合镀层的制备与微观形貌

运用化学复合镀技术制备出添加纳米MoS2的镍-磷复合镀层.研究了制备过程中镀液中分散剂种类、MoS2添加数量以及镀前试样表面粗糙度对复合镀层的影响.结果表明:十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)可以很好地在镀液中分散纳米MoS2,镀液中添加纳米MoS2颗粒的最佳值是2.0 g/L;镀前试样表面粗糙度值过低不利于提高复合镀层中纳米MoS2的复合量.     

纳米SiC/Ni复合镀层的制备及其摩擦磨损性能

用电沉积方法在316L不锈钢表面制备了纯镍镀层和纳米SiC/Ni复合镀层,考察了电镀时间、SiC质量浓度、电流密度和镀液温度对复合镀层中纳米SiC含量的影响,表征了镀层的表面形貌和SiC纳米颗粒的尺寸;最后研究了镀层的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:复合镀层中纳米SiC的含量随着电镀时间延长、电流密度增大、镀液温度升高以及SiC质量浓度的增大先升高后降低,且最佳工艺参数为电镀时间30min,SiC质量浓度20g·L-1,电流密度2A·dm-2,镀液温度60℃,镀液pH4.5,搅拌速度300r·min-1;与纯镍镀层相比,纳米SiC/Ni复合镀层的晶粒更细小,组织更致密,具有更好的摩擦磨损性能,摩擦因数降低了7%以上,磨损率降低了50%。     

超声电沉积制备纳米金属陶瓷复合镀层工艺

基于超声电沉积复合作用,研究在金属表面获得纳米金属陶瓷复合镀层的基本工艺。通过试验研究了超声波对镀层中纳米陶瓷粒子的含量、分布以及基质金属晶粒的影响,一定条件下镀液中纳米粒子含量与镀层中纳米粒子含量的对应关系。通过超声和电沉积两种技术的有机结合,在常用金属表面获得由尺寸50nm以下的镍晶和纳米SiC粒子构成的纳米级金属陶瓷复合镀县。     

Filtration characteristics of magnetic fibrous polymer as a new oil filter material for lubrication systems

Magnetic fibrous polymeric filter (MFPF) elements for lubrication systems were obtained by pneumoextrusion of a thermoplastic polymer (polyamide) containing a magnetic particulate filler (barium ferrite), and treating it subsequently in magnetic fields. Using a standard laboratory oil filtration test rig, metallic particle quantifier, and an image analyser system, the dependence of the filtration characteristics of the magnetic filter medium on the magnetic parameters was investigated. The variation of pressure drop and filtration efficiency with the packing density of the lubricating filter elements was measured. A conventional lubricant filter for an internal combustion engine was also tested for comparison with the filtration performance of the magnetised filter medium. Increasing the magnetic force of the filter medium made the MFPF material more effective in filtering fine ferrous particles, without changing the pressure drop. It was concluded that MFPF can be used as an effective filter in lubrication systems.     

BaTiO3/铁氧体复合材料的制备及性能

采用传统溶胶-凝胶法和改进的柠檬酸盐溶胶-凝胶法制得了钛酸钡,并对其进行了比较。采用柠檬酸-EDTA的联合络合溶胶-凝胶法制得了针状纳米锶铁氧体磁性微粒,并将钛酸钡和锶铁氧体进行了复合。利用XRD对样品的物相进行分析,利用TEM对样品形貌和粒径进行表征,利用振荡样品磁强计（VSM）对样品进行了磁性能研究,并利用矢量网络分析仪对粉末的电磁波吸收性能进行了表征。结果表明,在2～6GHz范围内,钛酸钡质量分数为30%的复合材料在850℃煅烧2h后吸波性能最佳,最大吸收量为28dB,10dB频带宽度为1.7GHz。     

A method for determining a uniaxial magnetic anisotropy constant of monodomain particles of powdered permanent magnets

A method for determining the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy constant of monodomain particles of powdered permanent magnets is based on the M?ssbauer spectroscopy. The method is experimentally verified on a powdered permanent magnet made of barium ferrite BaFe₁₂O₁₉.     

EFFECT OF SURFACTANTS ON Ni-TiN NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS PREPARED BY ULTRASONIC ELECTRODEPOSITION

Ni-TiN nanocomposite coatings were prepared by ultrasonic electrodeposition, and the effects of the surfactants on the coatings were investigated and the microstructure and micro rigidity of the coatings were characterized. Samples were also submitted to corrosion tests in 3% NaCl solution. The results showed that the surfactants had great effects on Ni-TiN nanocomposite coatings. The composite coatings prepared by ultrasonic electrodeposition with the surfactants were better than that of the coatings prepared without surfactants. The favorable properties of Ni-TiN nanocomposite coatings were prepared with the mixing of the non-ion and positive ion surfactants. The concentration of the mixing was 80 mg/L, and the ratio of the non-ion and positive ion surfactants was 1: 2.     

含无机类富勒烯(IF)过渡族金属硫化物纳米复合涂层的环境摩擦磨损特性

采用固-气相反应、反应沉淀和溶剂热诱导法实现了IF-MoS2、IF-WS2纳米粉体的宏观量制备.分别用化学共沉积方法在硬铝基体上制备Ni-P-(IF-WS2)复合镀层,磁控溅射和激光溅射技术在硬铝合金和钛合金基体上制各(Ni,Mo)/IF-(Mo,W)S2梯度纳米复合涂层和IF-(Mo,W)S2/(Ni,Mo)-IF-(Mo,W)S2多层纳米复合涂层.用划痕仪、球-盘式摩擦仪评估纳米涂层的结合力及其在真空(10-2 Pa)和大气中的摩擦磨损性能.Ni-P-(IF-MoS2)化学复合镀层的硬度、摩擦因数和磨损率明显低于Ni-P化学镀层.梯度和多层复合结构有利于涂层与合金基体结合力的提高.(Ni,Mo)/IF-(Mo,W)S2纳米梯度复合涂层和(Ni,Mo)-IF-(Mo,W)S2/IF-(Mo,W)S2纳米多层复合涂层在不同环境下都有低的摩擦因数和磨损率.含无机类富勒烯(IF-)WS2或MoS2的纳米复合涂层具有优良的环境稳定性.     

Ni-SiC/铁氧体复合材料涂层的制备及其吸波性能

为了获得成本低、吸波性能良好、吸收带宽较大的电磁波吸收涂层,运用高压液相氢还原工艺对SiC粉体进行表面镀镍,并与铁氧体复合,制备了Ni-SiC/铁氧体复合材料吸波涂层,研究了单一材料与复合材料吸波涂层在8～18 GHz频段内的吸波性能,并研究了不同材料的电磁参数.结果表明:表面镀镍的SiC粉体与铁氧体复合后,可使该复合材料的复磁导率和复介电常数得到较合理的调整,使频散效应增强,从而使Ni-SiC/铁氧体复合材料吸波涂层的吸收峰值提高、吸收带宽增加,在15.2 GHz达到最小反射率-22.85 dB,且小于-10 dB的有效吸收带宽为7 GHz,吸波性能得到显著改善.     

超磁致伸缩超声振动系统的机电转换效率研究

为提高超声振动系统的能量转换效率和功率容量,提出超磁致伸缩超声振动系统的设计方法,研究导磁体材料特性对超声系统振动性能的影响规律。采用硅钢、铁氧体和磁粉心三种磁性材料设计导磁体,并建立超声振动系统的等效电路模型;通过阻抗分析建立3种超声振动系统的阻抗圆曲线,得到谐振频率和机电转换系数等参数,提出导磁材料特性对系统机电能量转换效率的影响规律。为验证阻抗分析结果的正确性,试验测定3种超声系统在不同电压幅值激励下的振幅-电流灵敏度与频率的关系曲线,验证导磁材料参数与系统机电能量转换效率之间的关系。结果表明：高磁导率铁氧体材料可提高超声振动系统在小功率工作条件下的机电能量转换效率,而对于大功率超声振动系统而言,需要兼顾磁导率和饱和磁通密度,使导磁体工作于非磁饱和状态,以提高系统换能效率,这有助于指导不同功率大小超声振动系统的导磁体材料选择。     

Protection of specimens against friction and wear using titanium-based multicomponent nanocomposite coatings: A review

A review of the experimental results of studying multicomponent nanocomposite protective coatings of various chemical compositions (TiAlCrYN, TiAlSiBN, TiAlSiCuN, CrTiAlSiN, and TiHfSiN/NbN/Al₂O₃) developed in recent years is presented. An analysis of the available data on the chemical composition, hardness, oxidation resistance, thermal stability, friction, wear, adhesion strength, and corrosion properties of nanocomposite coatings with high physicomechanical characteristics is carried out. The application of the nanocomposite coatings in industry is exemplified using the performance characteristics of drills made from a high-speed steel covered with a multicomponent protective coating.     

纳米表面工程与摩擦学

利用表面工程技术解决摩擦磨损问题具有高效、实用等特点。随着科学技术的迅速发展，纳米材料和纳米技术在表面工程中得到了广泛应用，由此出现了“纳米表面工程”。利用纳米表面工程技术制备的涂层和镀层有着非常优异的摩擦学性能。本文叙述了作者近年来的有关工作，包括热喷涂纳米陶瓷涂层、热喷涂纳米自润滑涂层、纳米陶瓷／聚合物复合涂层、纳米复合电镀层以及纳米电泳沉积层的摩擦磨损特性和机制。     

Tribological Performance of UHMWPE/GNPs Nanocomposite Coatings for Solid Lubrication in Bearing Applications

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/ graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) nanocomposite coatings were developed to reduce friction and wear in the absence of liquid lubrication. UHMWPE nanocomposite powders with different loadings (0.25, 1, and 2 wt.%) of GNPs were prepared and electrostatic spraying technique was then used to deposit the nanocomposite powders on aluminum alloy to form a thin coating. Friction and wear tests were conducted on the coatings against a flat-end pin, made of hardened tool steel to determine the best loading of GNPs. That was further tested to investigate the effect of sliding speed and contact pressure on its tribological properties and to establish coating operating limits. Results showed that UHMWPE nanocomposite coating reinforced with 1 wt.% GNPs showed the best tribological performance. It reduced wear rate by about 51% as compared to the pristine UHMWPE coating. The coating sustained a maximum sliding speed of 1 m/s at a contact pressure of 4 MPa equivalent to a pressure and velocity (PV) value of 4 MPa.m/s.