Effects of feeding alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated wheat straw-based diets on digestion and production by dairy cows

Twelve Holstein cows, averaging 34 d postpartum, were used in three replications of a 4 x 4 Latin square design to determine the effects of feeding different levels of alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated wheat straw on digestion and production responses in lactating dairy cows. Complete mixed diets consisted of 50% concentrate (DM basis) plus varying proportions of treated wheat straw, alfalfa haylage, and corn silage as the forage source. Treatment contained 0 (control), 12.5 (low), 25.0 (medium), or 37.5% (high) treated wheat straw in the diet. Dry matter intakes were 18.5, 17.2, 17.4, and 16.7 kg/d for the four treatments, respectively. Apparent digestibilities of DM and OM were decreased (approximately 4.4 percentage units), and NDF and ADF digestibilities were increased by 9.4 and 3.0 percentage units, respectively, with the high wheat straw diet. Yields of milk and 4% FCM, and SNF percentage did not differ among the treatment groups. Milk fat percentage increased (from 3.07 to 3.32%) and milk protein percentage decreased (from 2.61 to 2.56%) as the proportion of treated wheat straw increased in the diet. Cows fed the higher proportions of treated wheat straw had increased ruminal concentrations of total VFA and molar percentage acetate but a decreased molar percentage propionate, resulting in a greater acetate to propionate ratio. Cows fed the low and medium wheat straw diets had slightly lower DM intakes but production responses were similar to cows fed the control diet containing alfalfa haylage and corn silage as fiber sources.     

水预水解对麦草烧碱法制浆的影响

研究了不同温度、反应时间等条件下的水预水解对麦草后续烧碱法制浆的影响。结果表明：经过预水解后,麦草碱法制浆性能有所提升,蒸煮脱木素率提高,所得浆料的卡伯值下降,黑液残碱量增加。但是,浆料得率有不同程度的降低,黏度略有下降。较佳的预水解条件是：液比1：10,预水解温度140℃,时间30min。     

麦草生物化机浆过氧乙酸与过氧化氢漂白

研究了麦草生物化机浆CH3COOOH漂白条件以及CH3COOOH与H2O2的组合漂白.结果表明:麦草生物化机浆过氧乙酸适宜漂白条件为:3%CH3COOOH、90min、50℃、pH5.经PaP3P3a和PaP5P5a漂白,麦草生物化机浆的白度分别可达61.9%和72.1%(IS0).     

Influence of protein supplementation of alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated wheat straw on ruminal microbial fermentation

A dual flow continuous culture system was used to determine the effects of four protein sources (soybean meal, Ca-ligno-sulfonate treated-soybean meal, blood meal, and feather meal), supplied individually or in combination in diets composed predominantly of alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated wheat straw, on ruminal microbial fermentation and amino acid flow. Diets containing blood meal had lower organic matter and fiber digestion, NH3 N and VFA concentrations, and CP degradation but higher non-NH3 N, dietary N, total amino acid, and essential amino acid flows. Feather meal fed alone or combined with other sources was not different from the blood meal diet in organic matter and fiber digestion. Combining treated soybean meal and blood meal resulted in similar organic matter and fiber digestibilities compared with the soybean meal diets. This combination was similar to the treated soybean meal diet in VFA concentration, non-NH3 N, and essential and total amino acid flows; however, amino acid profile was different with this combination, showing higher histidine and leucine flows. Results from this study suggest that amino acid profiles of digesta leaving the rumen may be manipulated by choice of protein supplement when diets containing a low protein, highly fermentable feedstuff such as alkaline hydrogen, peroxide-treated wheat straw are fed.     

木聚糖酶预处理对麦草烧碱法制浆的影响

研究了在最佳反应条件下木聚糖酶预处理麦草,预处理前后麦草原料的化学组分溶出情况,同时对麦草烧碱法制浆后浆料的化学组分和黑液的性能加以分析,从而评价了木聚糖酶的作用效果.     

真空碱溶液润麦处理对全麦粉稳定性和品质特性的影响

为了得到低脂肪酶活性、高稳定性的全麦粉,将小麦在不同真空度(-0.04,-0.07 MPa)下用不同浓度Na_2CO_3溶液(0.10%,0.25%,0.50%)润麦处理,利用低场核磁共振技术(LF-NMR)探究真空润麦过程中水分迁移情况,测定不同浓度Na_2CO_3溶液润麦下小麦中脂肪酶的相对活性。将润麦后的小麦制成全麦粉后,测定重组全麦粉的储藏稳定性和品质特性。结果表明:润麦过程中小麦籽粒的A_(21)值持续上升,结合水含量增加;真空碱溶液润麦可以降低小麦籽粒中脂肪酶活性,增加全麦粉贮藏稳定性,当Na_2CO_3溶液浓度为0.5%时脂肪酶活性最低;对全麦粉的粉质特性、RVA和面团流变学分析表明,真空碱溶液润麦能显著延长全麦粉的稳定时间,增强面团中面筋筋力,提高全麦粉的糊化特性,增加全麦面团的黏弹性,Na_2CO_3溶液润麦可有效改善全麦粉的品质特性。     

麦草碱性亚硫酸钾制浆工艺研究

进行了碱性亚硫酸钾蒸煮麦草工艺优化研究，结果表明总碱量11％，碱比0．8，AQ0．2％，最高温度165℃和保温150min是最佳蒸煮条件，所得浆的卡伯值是15．8，粗浆得率55．2％。本体系较传统钠基盐蒸煮优势是其经济的废液回收系统。     

AS-AQ麦草浆氧脱木素后的过氧化氢漂白

研究了氧脱木素后的AS-AQ麦草浆H2O2漂白工艺,并对漂前预处理进行了探讨。结果表明：采用预处理剂X对浆料进行H2O2漂前预处理能够显著提高漂浆白度;在提高H2O2漂白效率方面,预处理剂X预处理优于EDTA、DTPA等传统预处理方式;柠檬酸钠可以替代Na2SiO3用作H2O2漂白稳定剂。H2O2漂白最适宜的工艺条件为：浆浓12%,H2O23%,NaOH1.2%,柠檬酸钠1%,温度95℃,时间120min。在优化条件下,漂终白度达83.9%ISO。     

Decomposition of beta-alaninediacetic acid and diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid by hydrogen peroxide in alkaline conditions

The chemical decompositions of beta-alaninediacetic acid (ADA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) were studied in a pilot-plant flow-through system simulating alkaline (pH 10-11) hydrogen peroxide bleaching environments. The amount of hydrogen peroxide decomposition was evaluated, and the distribution calculation was performed. Under the conditions investigated, ADA was more degradable than DTPA (average residual 71% vs 94%). The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide was not dependent on the chelate; the residual percent of hydrogen peroxide was 40 in both cases.     

杨木CTMP碱性过氧化氢漂白特性的研究

在机械浆的碱性H2O2漂白过程中,会产生一定量的溶解与胶体物质（Dissolved and Colloidzl Substznces,简称DCS）。本文利用不同的分析手段（阳电荷需求量和UV吸收）研究了杨木CTMP碱性H2O2漂白过程中漂白工艺对DCS溶出及纸页性能的影响。结果表明：N2OH用量的增加以及温度升高能够促进较多DCS溶出。较高NaOH用量下,H2O2用量增加导致DCS中较多氧化木素溶出。一定温度下,延长漂白时间,也能导致较多的DCS溶出。同时,DCS的溶出有利于提高纸页白度和抗张强度。     

超声辅助碱性过氧化氢法提取玉米皮纤维素及结构表征

以玉米皮为原料,建立了超声波辅助碱性过氧化氢法提取玉米皮纤维素的方法,在单因素实验基础上,运用响应面法对玉米皮纤维素的提取工艺进行了优化,并利用扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X-射线衍射仪、热重和粒度分析仪对玉米皮纤维素进行表征。结果表明,玉米皮纤维素最佳提取工艺条件为:超声温度为70℃、超声时间为70min、超声功率为200W、NaOH质量分数为8%、H2O2体积分数为0.7%、料液比为1:30g/mL,在此条件下纤维素含量为83.34%。表征结果表明,玉米皮纤维素表面呈现纤维素聚集结构;玉米皮纤维素分子结构没有受到破坏,具有纤维素特征吸收峰; 玉米皮纤维素的结晶结构未发生改变,玉米皮纤维素的最大热分解温度为328℃,热稳定性优于玉米皮;玉米皮纤维素粒径减小,平均粒径为111μm。     

The effects of alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment on the nutritional value of tripe

Samples of tripe obtained after commercial processing with alkaline hydrogen peroxide were compared with raw tripe for nutritional quality. A large number (108) of commercial tripe samples were found to vary markedly in their protein content from 8·4 to 19·3%. The moisture content was negatively correlated with the pH of the tripe samples. However, the amino acid analyses and rat bioassays indicated that the nutritional value of the protein was not significantly decreased by the processing. Oxidation of sulphur amino acids and formation of lysino-alanine were not evident. Thiamine was completely destroyed by the processing.     

Effects of alkaline,hydrogen peroxide-treated fibres on nutrient digestibility,blood sugar and lipid profile in rats

Three diets containing different sources of dietary fibre, wheat bran, faba bean testas and rice hulls, were tested to determine the effects of alkaline, hydrogen peroxide (AHP)-treated fibre at 10% substitution level of dextrose corn flour on apparent digestibility, faecal characteristics, and levels of plasma glucose and lipid profile in rats. A fourth non-fibrous diet was used as a control. The results showed that, although AHP treatment of fibres resulted in reduction of their weight after washing, it caused an increase in their water absorption and in their swollen volume when mixed with an excess of water (up to three fold) as in the case of wheat bran. Rats consuming diets containing dietary fibres showed a significant loss of body weight but no significant effects on heart weight or liver weight were found. Faeces of rats fed on dietary fibre diets showed an increase in weight and volume, which resulted in reduction of faecal density. The consumption of the treated fibre significantly reduced total cholesterol, plasma triglycerides and blood sugar; wheat bran was the most effective followed by rice hulls and faba bean testas. On the other hand, it effected an increase in the plasma content of high-density lipoprotein HDL-C but this increase was only significant in rats fed with wheat bran. Alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated fibres showed a great improvement in their absorbency, making them equal to or even better than untreated fibre in lowering blood lipids and sugar levels, in addition to their excellent effect on the physiological function of the intestinal tract.     

硅酸钠模数对AOMG脱墨浆过氧化氢漂白的影响

研究了不同模数的硅酸钠对美废杂志纸（AOMG）脱墨浆过氧化氢漂白的影响,得出漂白的最佳工艺条件为：漂白温度70℃,漂白浓度8％,漂白时间60min,过氧化氢用量3％,硅酸钠用量5％,NaOH用量1％。此条件下,硅酸钠模数为2．64时漂白效率最好,模数在2．54～2．80范围内对漂白碱性有利,PH值维持在10．5～11．0的范围内。通过对金属离子催化过氧化氢分解模拟实验发现,金属离子对过氧化氢催化分解能力的大小顺序为：Cu^2＋〉Mn^2＋〉Fe^2＋”。     

碱法麦草浆碱回收白泥应用性能的初步研究

本文主要对碱法麦草浆黑液在碱回收过程中产生的白泥作为抄纸过程中填料的应用性能进行了初步研究。结果表明：碱法麦草浆白泥粗品经一定工序的加工处理后，可得到具有一定纯度、白度、粒度等的提取碳酸钙，将此白泥加工产品在漂白麦草浆的抄纸过程中进行加填应用，成纸的白度、不透明度、灰分含量都有一定程度的提高。     

Effects of water-soluble carbohydrate content on silage fermentation of wheat straw

To determine a suitable initial water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content to make wheat straw natural fermentation successful and to study fermentation characteristics, glucose was used to adjust the initial WSC content to 1.4%, 4.0%, 5.0%, 6.0%, 7.0%, 8.0%, 9.0%, and 10.0% dry matter (DM) in the wheat straw. At 30 d of fermentation, there were three pHs: when the initial WSC content was 1.4%, the pH was 5.5; when the initial WSC contents were 4.0%, 5.0% and 6.0%, the pHs were near 5.1; and when the initial WSC contents were 7.0%, 8.0%, 9.0% and 10.0%, the pHs were near 4.0. The pattern of changes in WSC content during the fermentation was similar to that in pH. At 30 d of fermentation, there existed a dividing line in WSC remnants between the initial 6.0% WSC treatment and the initial 7.0% WSC treatment. When the initial WSC content was more than 7.0%, the remaining WSC content was more than 23.7 g/kg DM. When the initial WSC content was less than 6.0%, the remaining WSC content was less than 13.6 g/kg DM. Particularly for the 1.4% WSC treatment, the remaining WSC content was 2.1 g/kg DM. The results of the microbiological enumeration showed that with the increase in initial WSC content, the numbers of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and other bacteria generally decreased. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) results showed that when the initial WSC content was beyond 7.0%, the LAB of the fermentation system were detected.     

杨木BCTMP配抄漂白麦草浆对纸张性能影响的研究

在实验室条件下,利用鲍尔纤维筛分仪（Bauer McNett）和纤维质量分析仪（FQA）定量测定了杨木BCTMP和漂白麦草浆的纤维柔顺性系数,以此来表征纸浆的纤维柔顺性。研究了杨木BCTMP配抄漂白麦草浆后对纸张有关性能的影响。结果表明,杨木BCTMP纤维柔顺性系数大于漂白麦草浆。配抄后纸张松厚度、不透明度和透气度有明显提高,杨木BCTMP的比例在50％时,松厚度和不透明度分别增加了约61％和9％,但抗张强度和表面平滑度有所下降。     

聚乙烯醇氧化改性对其生物降解的影响

高分子量、高醇解度的聚乙烯醇(PVA)在自然环境中的生物降解性较差,难以实现水体自净化的要求。为从根本上提高PVA的生物降解性能,采用H2O2与Fe2+的复合体系对PVA进行氧化处理,使PVA分子链上的—OH部分氧化为O结构,为PVA发生主链断裂提供条件。通过对PVA的氧化动力学研究和分子量测定,确定了氧化改性的反应条件;用红外光谱法检测证明了氧化反应使PVA形成了生物降解所需的双酮结构;用紫外分光光度法对氧化改性后的PVA生物降解性进行了测定。结果表明,适当的氧化可大大提高PVA的生物降解性能。