用真空紫外辐照研究Si-SiO_2界面的氧化层陷阱和界面态

以氦灯真空紫外光源研究了辐照下 n(100)硅衬底MOS样品的氧化层陷阱和Si-SiO_2界面态.发现在湿氧和干氧氧化层中都存在密度为10~(12)/cm~2数量级的空穴陷阱,部分氧化层中有密度为10~(11)/cm~2的受主型电子陷阱.湿氧样品在正偏置和零偏置辐照后出现具有确定能级(E_c-E_s(?)0.40eV)的界面态密度宽峰.辐照引进的界面态和空穴被陷阱俘获有关,在1×10~(10)～5 × 10~(11)cm~(-2)·eV~(-1)范围,禁带中央界面态密度正比于被俘获空穴的密度.辐照产生的界面态不能由电子注入加以消除.本文由空穴俘获-弱键破裂模型讨论了实验结果.     

注氟MOSFET电离辐射响应特性

对氢氧合成栅氧化后注F的MOSFET进行了γ射线辐照试验,分析了不同注F剂量的MOSFET电离辐射响应特性。结果表明,在1×10~(15)～1×10~(16)F/cm~2F注量范围内,注F能够明显抑制辐射感生氧化物电荷和界面态的增长,且F注量越高,抑制能力越强,F的注入能减少工艺过程所带来的氧化物电荷和界面态。用Si一F结键替代其它在辐射过程中易成为电荷陷阱的应力键模型对实验结果进行了讨论。可以预测,F在Si/SiO_2界面附近和SiO_2中的行为直接与MOS结构的辐射响应相对应,而F的行为依赖于注F工艺条件。     

HCl氧化物MOS结构中钠离子的钝化

用Q-t,TVS,C-V和TSIC方法研究了HCl氧化物MOS结构中的钠离子纯化和陷阱能量分布.在含有很干燥的 0-10％ HCl的氧气氛中进行硅的热氧化,温度 1160℃,时间35分钟,然后制成MOS结构.当钠的沾污范围为10~(11)到2.5 ×10~(15)离子/厘米~2时,大于4％的HCl氧化物的钝化效率为 99.5％到 99.99％。在 HCl MOS结构的硅边有两种陷阱态:带电态和中性态,中性态的陷阱能量依赖于HCl的浓度和BTS处理时的温度和电场强度.     

采用低温栅氧化工艺的多晶硅栅MOS电容器的辐照诱生界面态

本文研究了用稳态的C_0~(60)对采用热解和干法栅氧化制作的多晶硅栅MOS电容器进行辐照时,栅氧化温度对电容器的辐照诱生平带和阈值电压漂移以及界面态建立的影响。在850℃下生长的热解氧化层,其辐照诱生平带电压漂移和阈值电压漂移可达到最小值。计算了低温热解氧化层MOS电容器的阈值电压和平带电压漂移与总剂量效应辐照时外加栅偏压以及氧化层厚度的依赖关系。我们获得了辐照诱生界面态与总剂量和氧化层厚度两者的关系均为2/3幂指数关系。     

金属-二氧化硅-半导体(MOS)结构的电子辐照效应

金属.二氧化硅-半导体(MOS)结构对于SiO2-Si界面非常敏感,能够方便地反映出氧化层电荷、界面态密度等参数.为了研究MOS结构的电子辐照效应,采取了能量为0.8 MeV,辐照剂量范围为2×1013～1×1014cm-2屯的电子束作为辐照源.实验发现,MOS结构经电子辐照后,在SiO2-Si界面处引入界面态,并且在二氧化硅内部积累正电荷.通过对MOS结构在电子辐照前后高、低频C-V曲线的测试,测试出辐照在氧化层引入的界面态密度达到了1014cm-2eV-1,而积累的正电荷面密度达到了10-2cm-2.同时得到了界面态密度和积累电荷密度与辐照剂量的关系.     

Al-SiO_2-Si/n系统的r辐照界面效应及退火特性

本工作以~(60)Co作为γ辐射源,在7.6 ×10~3至6.9 ×10~4伦琴剂量范围内,研究了Al-SiO_2-Si/n系统的辐照感应氧化层有效电荷、界面态与辐照剂量的关系.也研究了这些界面效应的退火特性.此外,还对实验结果作了分析和讨论.     

MOS栅氧的界面特性和辐照特性研究

通过交流电导法,对经过不同时间N₂O快速热处理(RTP)的MOS电容进行界面特性和辐照特性研究。通过电导电压曲线,分析N₂O RTP对Si-SiO₂界面陷阱电荷和氧化物陷阱电荷造成的影响。结论表明,MOS电容的Si-SiO₂界面陷阱密度随N₂O快速热处理时间先增加再降低;零偏压总剂量辐照使氧化层陷阱电荷显著增加,而Si-SiO₂界面陷阱电荷轻微减少。     

薄二氧化硅MOS电容电离辐射陷阱电荷研究

采用高频 C- V曲线方法 ,研究了 5 0 nm及 15 nm MOS电容电离辐射空穴陷阱及界面态的建立过程 .二种样品电离辐射空穴陷阱电荷密度在 1× 10 3Gy(Si)剂量下近乎相同 ,而在大于 3× 10 3Gy(Si)剂量下 ,5 0 nm MOS电容的电荷密度约为 15 nm MOS电容的 2倍 .利用电离辐射后的隧道退火效应 ,计算出二种样品电离辐射陷阱电荷在Si- Si O2 界面附近分布的距离均约为 4nm .     

双层多晶硅电极间隙势垒的两维分析

通过解两维泊松方程,对有覆盖的双层多晶硅电极MOS结构进行了数值模拟.模拟结果表明,电极覆盖明显降低了双层多晶硅电极间隙的势垒高度.对P型硅衬底,双层多晶硅电极间隙处的势垒高度,随着栅电压的增加先增加,达到一个最大值,然后又下降,在高栅压下趋于一个稳定值.势全高度出现最大值的栅电压,就在相应的无电极间隙的MOS结构的阈电压附近.界面电荷的存在降低了势垒高度,当界面电荷密度大于 1×10~(11)/cm~2时,势垒不出现.这种结构的阈电压随电极间隙长度的增加而急剧增加.对间隙长度L_(GG)为0.3μm,栅氧化层厚度T_(ox)为1000A的结构,如果衬底掺杂浓度N_A为1×10~(15)/cm~3,势垒高度最大值为66meV,在高栅压下仅为30meV.它的阈电压比无电极间隙MOS结构高0.13V.     

利用直接隧穿弛豫谱技术对超薄栅MOS结构中栅缺陷的研究

给出了超薄栅MOS结构中直接隧穿弛豫谱(DTRS)技术的细节描述,同时在超薄栅氧化层(＜3nm)中给出了该技术的具体应用.通过该技术,超薄栅氧化层中明显的双峰现象被发现,这意味着在栅氧化层退化过程中存在着两种陷阱.更进一步的研究发现,直接隧穿应力下超薄栅氧化层(＜3nm)中的界面/氧化层陷阱的密度以及俘获截面小于FN 应力下厚氧化层(＞4nm)中界面/氧化层陷阱的密度和俘获截面,同时发现超薄氧化层中氧化层陷阱的矩心更靠近阳极界面.     

MOS器件的质子总剂量效应

介绍了几种加固和非加固 MOS电路的质子辐照总剂量效应实验 ,质子束的能量为 9、 7、 5、 2 Me V.实验结果表明 ,在相同的吸收剂量下 ,MOS器件累积电离辐射损伤与质子能量成正比 .还给出了栅极偏压对器件质子辐射损伤的影响 ,结果认为 ,对于 NMOSFET,不论是加固器件 ,还是非加固器件 ,在 +5 V的栅压偏置下 ,器件的辐射损伤比 0 V栅压下的损伤严重 ,对于加固器件 ,辐射感生界面态的密度也较高 ;而加固型 PMOSFET,在 0 V的栅压下 ,辐射损伤比 - 5 V下严重 ,且界面态的密度高     

The effect of oxide layer thickness on the quantification of 1.5 MeV γ–radiation induced interface traps in the Ag/SiO2/Si MOS devices

This work presents the effect of varied thickness of oxide layer and radiation dose on electrical characteristics of Ag/SiO₂/Si MOS devices irradiated by 1.5 MeV γ–radiations of varied doses. SiO₂ layers of 50, 100, 150 and 200 nm thickness were grown on Si substrates using dry oxidation and exposed to radiation doses of 1, 10 and 100 kGy. The exposure to radiation resulted in generation of fixed charge centers and interface traps in the SiO₂ and at the Si/SiO₂ interface. Capacitance-conductance-voltage (C-G-V) and capacitance-conductance-frequency (C-G-f) measurements were performed at room temperature for all MOS devices to quantify the active traps and their lifetimes. It is shown that accumulation and minimum capacitances decreased as the thickness of SiO₂ layer increased. For the unexposed MOS devices, the flat band voltage V_FB decreased at a rate of −0.12 V/nm, density of active traps increased by 4.5 times and depletion capacitance C_DP, increased by 2.5 times with the increase of oxide layer thickness from 50 to 200 nm. The density of active traps showed strong dependence on the frequency of the applied signal and the thickness of the oxide layer. The MOS device with 200 nm thick oxide layer irradiated with 100 kGy showed density of active interface traps was high at 50 kHz and was 3.6×10¹⁰ eV⁻¹ cm⁻². The relaxation time of the interface traps also increased with the exposure of γ–radiation and reached to 9.8 µs at 32 kHz in 200 nm thick oxide MOS device exposed with a dose of 100 kGy. It was inferred that this was due to formation of continuum energy states within the band gap and activation of these defects depended on the thickness of oxide layer, applied reverse bias and the working frequency. The present study highlighted the role of thickness of oxide layer in radiation hard environments and that only at high frequency, radiation induced traps remain passivated due to long relaxation times.     

NMOSFET器件不同源、不同γ剂量率辐射损伤比较

利用不同剂量率γ射线、低能(小于9MeV)质子和1MeV电子对CC4007RH、CC4011、LC54HC04RH NMOSFET进行了辐照实验,结果表明,在＋5V偏置条件下,9MeV以下质子造成的损伤总是小于⁶⁰Co,而且质子能量越低,损伤越小;对于同等的吸收剂量,1MeV电子和⁶⁰Co造成的损伤差别不大;在高剂量率γ射线辐射下,氧化物陷阱电荷是导致器件失效的主要原因,在接近空间低剂量率辐射环境下,LC54HC04RH电路失效的主要原因是辐射感生界面态陷阱电荷,而CC4007RH器件则是氧化物陷阱电荷.     

MOS器件辐照引入的界面态陷阱性质

通过分析总剂量辐照产生的界面陷阱的施主和受主性质 ,用半导体器件模拟软件 Medici模拟了NMOS、PMOS器件加电下辐照后的特性。结果表明 ,对于 NMOSFET,费米能级临近导带 (N沟晶体管反型 )时 ,受主型界面态为负电荷 ,施主型界面态陷阱为中性 ,使界面态陷阱将引起的阈值电压漂移 ;而对 PMOSFET,当费米能级临近价带 (P沟晶体管反型 )时 ,施主型界面态陷阱带正电荷 ,受主型界面态陷阱为中性 ,界面态陷阱将引起负的阈值电压漂移。理论模拟的转移特性与测试结果吻合。文中从器件工艺参数出发 ,初步建立了总剂量电离辐照模型 ,该模型对于评估器件总剂量加固水平提供了一种理论方法     

Effects of ionizing radiation on oxidized silicon surfaces and planar devices

This paper examines in detail the effects of high and low energy electron, X-ray, and ultraviolet radiation on oxidized silicon surfaces and planar devices. Two permanent effects of ionizing radiation on oxidized silicon surfaces are distinguished: 1) The buildup of a positive space charge within the oxide, and 2) The creation of fast surface states at the oxide-silicon interface resulting in increased surface recombination velocity. The dependence of these effects on dose and dose rate, on bias applied during irradiation, and on structural parameters is discussed and a theory is presented which accounts for the observed features of the space-charge buildup. This theory involves trapping of holes which are generated within the oxide by the radiation. It is shown that all details of the experimental observations can be accounted for by assuming a high density of hole traps near the oxide-silicon interface which decays rapidly with distance into the oxide. Radiation-induced changes in the characteristics of MOS and junction field-effect transistors, p-n junction diodes, and p-n-p and n-p-n transistors are reported and examined in terms of the above two effects. It is shown that the charge buildup causes shifts in the operating point of MOS transistors, catastrophic increases in the reverse current of p-n junctions, and variations in their breakdown voltage. The increase in fast surface-state density is responsible for the lowering of the transconductance of MOS transistors and, in combination with the space-charge buildup, for the degradation of the current gain in bipolar transistors. It is shown that junction field-effect transistors are relatively insensitive to both effects of ionizing radiation and therefore offer the most promise for use in ionizing radiation environments.     

10 keV X射线在"加速实验"辐照中的优势

文章利用实验结果分析了54HC04的阀值电压在不同剂量率下随总剂量的变化关系，对若干种加速实验方法进行了比较，认为10 keV X射线源可以作为对MOS器件进行快速的加速实验性能测试的辐照源。从环境安全考虑，10 keV X射线源易于屏蔽，可以用于硅片级的参数测试，且花费远远小于封装后的器件在^60Co源上的性能测试，是一种可行的评估器件总剂量水平的手段。     

不同剂量率LC54HC04RH电路的电离辐射效应

对 L C54HC0 4 RH电路在不同辐射剂量率进行了电离辐射实验。分析了该电路的阈值电压随辐射剂量率的变化关系。实验结果表明 :在辐射剂量率处于 3× 10 -4 Gy(Si) / s到 1.98×10 -1Gy(Si) / s范围内 ,辐射感生界面陷阱电荷随辐射剂量率的减少而增加。辐射感生界面陷阱电荷是导致该电路在空间辐射环境下失效的主要原因。     

Characterization of ultra-thin SiO2 by capacitance-voltage and charge pumping measurements

In this paper, we present results on electrical measurements of ultra thin SiO₂ layers (from 3.5 nm down to 1.7 nm), used as gate dielectric in metal-oxide-semiconductors (MOS) devices. Capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements and simulations on MOS capacitors have been used for extracting the electrical oxide thickness. The SiO₂/Si interface and oxide quality have been analyzed by charge pumping (CP) measurements. The mean interface traps density is measured by 2-level CP, and the energy distribution within the semiconductor bandgap of these traps are investigated by 3-level charge pumping measurements. A comparison of the energy distribution of the SiO₂/Si interface traps is made using classical and quantum simulations to extract the surface potential as a function of the gate signal. When the gate oxide thickness <3.5 nm, we prove that it is mandatory to take into account the quantum effects to obtain a more accurate energy distribution of the SiO₂/Si interface traps. We also explain the increase of the apparent interface traps density measured by 2-levels CP with the increase of the oxide thickness, for transistors made from the same technological process.     

Au/SnO2/n-Si (MOS) structures response to radiation and frequency

Metal-insulator-semiconductor (MOS) structures with insulator layer thickness of 290 Å were irradiated using a ⁶⁰Co (γ-ray) source and relationships of electrical properties of irradiated MOS structures to process-induced surface defects have been investigated both before and after γ-irradiation. The density of surface state distribution profiles of the sample Au/SnO₂/n-Si (MOS) structures obtained from high-low frequency capacitance technique in depletion and weak inversion both before and after irradiation. The measurement capacitance and conductance are corrected for series resistance. Series resistance (Rs) of MOS structures were found both as function of voltage, frequency and radiation dose. The C(f)-V and G(f)-V curves have been found to be strongly influenced by the presence of a dominant radiation-induced defects. Results indicate interface-trap formation at high dose rates (irradiations) is reduced due to positive charge build-up in the semiconductor/insulator interfacial region (due to the trapping of holes) that reduces the flow rate of subsequent holes and protons from the bulk of the insulator to the Si/SnO₂ interface. The series resistance decreases with increasing dose rate and frequency the radiation-induced flat-band voltage shift in 1 V. Results indicate the radiation-induced threshold voltage shift (ΔV_T) strongly dependence on radiation dose rate and frequency.