冻融环境下PVA纤维水泥基复合材料断裂性能

针对冻融循环次数对PVA纤维水泥基复合材料断裂性能的影响问题,提出了基于快冻法的三点弯曲试验方法,研究了冻融循环次数对PVA纤维水泥基复合材料的起裂韧度、失稳韧度及断裂能的影响,并对冻融循环后的试件质量及表面现象进行了分析.结果表明:在冻融循环250次后,试件的质量增加1.92%,起裂韧度、失稳韧度、断裂能分别降低了37.2%、51.1%及48.4%;随着冻融循环次数的增加,试件的质量呈现增长趋势,试件表面破坏情况愈发严重,试件的起裂韧度、失稳韧度及断裂能均呈现下降趋势.     

硅灰对冻融环境下混凝土断裂损伤的影响

依据GBJ82-85混凝土快速冻融循环试验方法,采用四点弯曲试验法分析了不同冻融循环条件下引气剂对普通混凝土及硅灰混凝土断裂韧度、断裂能及抗压强度的影响;对混凝土断裂面进行了形貌分析,利用扫描电镜进行混凝土内部微观结构分析.结果表明,随冻融循环次数的增加,未掺引气剂的混凝土的断裂韧度、断裂能及相对动弹模损失率呈明显下降趋势;混凝土随冻融循环次数增加损伤程度增大.相同条件下,普通混凝土较之硅灰混凝土的抗冻性差;引气剂能够大幅度降低由于冻融循环造成的混凝土内部结构的损伤,提高混凝土的抗冻性.     

基于CT技术的混凝土冻融环境下细观损伤机理的试验研究

应用CT技术对冻融环境下的混凝土破损全过程进行了追踪,获得了不同冻融循环次数下混凝土细观结构变化特征.运用图像处理技术初步分析了冻融环境下混凝土细观损伤扩展的演化过程;并以图像中CT均值的变化为基础,建立了基于细观统计力学的损伤变量与冻融循环的关系曲线,以此对冻融循环条件下混凝土细观结构的损伤演化规律及破损机理进行了定量研究.结果表明:试样内部CT均值以及损伤变量的变化趋势表征了经过冻融循环后混凝土材料从初始细观损伤到表现出宏观力学性能劣化的全过程,为从细观试验角度解释混凝土在冻融环境下的宏观变化规律提供了一种可行的方法.     

钢纤维高强混凝土断裂性能的试验研究

通过18个尺寸为200mm×170 mm×100mm的钢纤维高强混凝土和素高强混凝土楔劈试件拉伸试验,研究了钢纤维类型、体积率对高强混凝土断裂韧度(KIC)、断裂能(GF)、临界裂缝嘴张开位移(CM0DC)和裂缝尖端张开位移(CTODC)的影响.试验结果表明,钢纤维体积率对高强混凝土的断裂性能有显著影响;与铣削型和剪切波纹型相比,切断弓型钢纤维对钢纤维高强混凝土断裂性能的提高更为显著,断裂韧度增益比分别提高了19.9%,25.2%,断裂能增益比分别提高了355.4%,148.0%,临界裂缝嘴张开位移增益比分别提高了163.3%,148.4%,临界裂缝尖端张开位移增益比分别提高了225.9%,935.8%.     

冻融环境下混凝土力学性能试验及损伤演化

在我国西部寒区,冻融作用往往是导致混凝土破坏的主要因素之一。通过对饱水状态下的多组混凝土试样进行冻融循环试验,并对试验后的试样进行了单轴压缩试验,从损伤和能量耗散的角度对试样进行了力学性能的分析;运用CT细观试验的方法初步对经历不同冻融循环次数下的试样进行了细观结构分析。通过试验研究,得到了饱水状态下混凝土材料的冻融破坏特征,以及不同冻融循环次数下试样质量、单轴应力-应变全过程曲线、抗压强度、能量耗散和细观结构的变化特征,系统研究了冻融循环下混凝土主要物理力学性能及损伤演化规律,为寒区重大工程冻融灾变预测提供较可靠的基础依据。     

玄武岩纤维混凝土三点弯曲梁的断裂性能

为探讨玄武岩纤维混凝土(BFRC)的断裂性能,采用《水工混凝土断裂试验规程》的三点弯曲梁法,制作缝高比为0.4的不同纤维长度及掺量的混凝土试件,利用MTS试验机对试件进行加载试验,得到玄武岩纤维混凝土三点弯曲梁的试验结果,并对P-CMOD曲线、起裂韧度、失稳韧度及断裂能等断裂参数进行分析,结果表明：掺入玄武岩纤维后,试件的断裂性能得到了提升,纤维掺量越多,纤维长度越长,P-CMOD曲线的下降段越饱满;纤维长度为18 mm、掺量为1.5%的试件起裂韧度及失稳断裂韧度的提升最为明显;纤维长度为12 mm、掺量为1.5%的试件断裂能最大。     

碾压混凝土断裂韧度尺寸效应的试验研究

进行了不同尺寸碾压混凝土三点弯曲试件的断裂试验。对实验结果进行分析,得到了碾压混凝土断裂韧度的尺寸效应规律。将碾压混凝土断裂韧度试验结果与已有的普通混凝土断裂韧度尺寸效应公式结合,通过对几种模型的计算结果的分析比较,得到了碾压混凝土所适用的断裂韧度尺寸效应公式。     

海水环境下混凝土的断裂能及其应变软化

通过带切口梁的三点弯曲试验和楔形劈拉试验,对完全干燥、半干燥、水浸泡、海水浸泡和5％、23．4％NaCl溶液浸泡的6种不同含水状态的混凝土试件进行了测试,根据荷载-位移曲线和逆向分析,计算得到混凝土的断裂能及其应变软化曲线。结果表明,随着混凝土中水、海水和高浓度盐溶液的侵入,孔隙溶液中液体的表面张力不断增大,造成表面能下降,承载力随之降低,水浸泡后混凝土的最大承载力较干燥时降低19．6％（三点弯曲）和14．5％（楔形劈拉）,海水浸泡后下降28．9％和21．7％,高浓度盐溶液浸泡后降幅更大;海水和盐溶液浸泡时后,混凝土断裂能损失24％以上,软化阶段的开裂韧性也明显降低,裂缝更易形成和扩展。从表面能、断裂能和应变软化的角度研究了海水侵入对混凝土材料造成的不利影响。     

混凝土随机冻融损伤三维预测模型

为了有效评估混凝土在冻融循环作用下的损伤,在混凝土损伤力学理论的基础上,结合实验测试建立混凝土冻融损伤预测模型,开展了引气混凝土在冻融作用后抗拉强度测试试验研究。针对混凝土的耐久性失效实质是一个内部损伤演变的逐步劣化过程,对混凝土试块进行网格离散,应用概率方法分析混凝土冻融随机损伤的累积发展过程,建立混凝土损伤演化的三维多元Weibull分布模型,基于梯度法进行参数估计,采用实测数据进行模型验证,设计了相应算法,采用C＋＋语言编制程序进行计算,建立适用于冻融条件下的混凝土耐久性随机预测模型。数值和实测数据显示,随着冻融次数的增加,混凝土的损伤呈现非线性增长趋势。     

混凝土断裂能的理论分析

针对采用三点弯曲法确定的混凝土断裂能具有明显的尺寸效应的问题,分析了三点弯曲法测量混凝土断裂能误差来源,指出荷载-挠度曲线下降段被截断的尾部曲线对断裂能测量结果影响较大．解释了断裂能测量结果的尺寸效应现象,其根本原因是断裂区以外的附加能耗随试件尺寸增大而递增;推导了断裂能的理论值,其值消除了尺寸效应的影响,可视为材料参数．     

冻融作用下自密实混凝土疲劳寿命可靠性分析

为了研究冻融损伤对自密实混凝土弯曲疲劳寿命的影响,对经受不同冻融循环后的混凝土试块进行了不同应力水平下的四点弯曲疲劳试验,并利用矩估计法获得了混凝土试块的弯曲疲劳寿命Weibull分布参数,建立了经受不同冻融循环后的混凝土试块在不同可靠性概率下的疲劳寿命预测模型。研究结果表明:受冻自密实混凝土的疲劳寿命概率分布可以用两参数Weibull分布表征,得出自密实混凝土疲劳寿命的离散性随冻融次数的增加而增大,随应力水平的增大而减小;根据试验数据生成了自密实混凝土的P_f-S-N曲线,可准确预测经受不同冻融循环后自密实混凝土的弯曲疲劳寿命;自密实混凝土的疲劳寿命所需的安全系数随冻融循环次数的增加而不断增大,这说明对经受冻融损伤较严重的自密实混凝土,其弯曲疲劳寿命必须采用较大的安全系数才能保证结构的安全运行。     

冻融循环下CFRP高性能混凝土的粘结性能

通过双面剪切试验,研究了冻融环境下CFRP-高性能混凝土界面粘结性能的发展规律。对比分析了未经冻融和经历25、50、100、150、200及300次冻融循环作用试件的破坏特征、剪应变分布、荷载滑移曲线、粘结承载力以及粘结破坏机理。结果表明,所有试件的界面破坏均发生在混凝土表层内,但随着冻融循环次数的增加,破坏界面有向胶层发展的趋势;经受冻融循环次数较少时(25、50次),界面的粘结强度、刚度及开裂荷载的变化不明显,甚至略微提高;但随着冻融循环次数的进一步增加,界面粘结性能有明显的变化,界面粘结强度、端部滑移量减小,刚度退化,初始开裂荷载水平降低,非线性特征增强。粘结极限承载力与混凝土立方体抗压强度均随冻融循环次数的增长存在先提高后下降的趋势,混凝土强度变化是界面粘结性能变化的最重要因素。     

Concrete damage and neutralization under coupling effect of carbonation and freeze-thaw cycles

Simulating the coupling effect brought by freeze-thaw and carbonation environment,we experimentally investigated concrete durability,the variation characteristics of both concrete dynamic elastic modulus,and its neutralization depth.The influences imposed by carbonation on the freeze-thaw damage of concrete was studied as well and vise versa so as to shed light on the influencing mechanism together with the mutual interaction between them.The experimental results show that the damage caused by the coupling effect of freeze-thaw and carbonation on concrete is severer than any single effect of them two could bring.This provides certain theoretical references and paves down foundations for the further study in concrete durability related by the coupling environmental effect.     

Deterioration mechanism of sulfate attack on concrete under freeze-thaw cycles

The experiments of concrete attacked by sulfate solution under freeze-thaw cycles were investigated. The sulfate solution includes two types of 5% Na2SO4 and 5% MgSO4. Through the experiment, microstructural analyses such as SEM, XRD and TGA measurements were performed on the selected samples after freeze-thaw cycles. The corrosion products of the concrete were distinguished and quantitatively compared by the thermal analysis. Besides, the damage mechanism considering the dynamic modulus of elastically of concrete under the coupling effect was also investigated. The experimental results show that, under the action of freeze-thaw cycles and sulfate attack, the main attack products in concrete are ettringite and gypsum. The corrosion products exposed to MgSO4 solution are more than those to Na2SO4 solution. Furthermore, the content of gypsum in concrete is less than that of ettringite in test, and some of gypsum can be observed only after a certain corrosion extent. It is also shown that MgSO4 solution has a promoting effect to the damage of concrete under freeze-thaw cycles. Whereas for Na：SO4 solution, the damage of concrete has restrained before 300 freeze-thaw cycles, but the sulfate attack accelerates the deterioration process in its further test period.     

Effect of freeze-thaw cycles on bond strength between steel bars and concrete

The effect of freezing and thawing cycles on mechanical properties of concrete （compressive, splitting tensile strength） was experimentally investigated. According to the pullout test data of three kinds of deformed steel bars, the bond stress-slip curves after freezing and thawing were obtained. The empirical equations of peak bond strength were proposed that the damage accounted for effects of freezing and thawing cycle. Meanwhile, the mechanism of bond deterioration between steel bars and concrete after freezing and thawing cycles was discussed. All these conclusions will be useful to the durability design and reliability calculation of RC structures in cold region.     

Behavior of high water-cement ratio concrete under biaxial compression after freeze-thaw cycles

The high water-cement ratio concrete specimens under biaxial compression that completed in a triaxial testing machine were experimentally studied. Strength and deformations of plain concrete specimens in two loading direction under biaxial compression with stress ratio of a=0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 were obtained after 0, 25, 50 cycles of freeze-thaw. Influences of freeze-thaw cycles and stress ratio on the peak stress and deformation of this point were analyzed according to the experimental results, Based on the test data, the failure criterion expressed in terms of principal stress after different cycles of freeze-thaw, and the failure criterion with consideration of the influence of freeze-thaw cycle and stress ratio were proposed respectively.     

冻融循环下粉质黏土的动力损失模型

通过冻融循环后的粉质黏土的动三轴试验,研究了粉质黏土作为路基填料的动力特性,得出了动强度和循环荷载次数及冻融循环次数的数量关系和动模量与冻融循环次数的关系曲线。建立了动模量损失模型,能够预测每一次冻融循环后的动强度和最大动模量。通过与试验对比可知,预测模型具有较高的精度,可以用来评估冻融循环对粉质黏土路基使用寿命的影响。     

A Damage Model of Concrete under Freeze-Thaw Cycles

1　IntroductionPhenomenaindifferentdurabilitydegradationpro cessesofconcretearealmostsimilar:theinnerstructuresofconcreteloosening ,theflawsenlargingandcracksopen ingandaccumulating[1] .Thesearesimilartofailurephe nomenaofconcreteunderloads .Therefore ,thedurabilitydegradationprocessofconcretecouldbedescribedwithsomemechanicalmethods .Ifamechanicalmodelissetup ,theconcretedurability ,andthenthedurabilitydegra dationprocesscouldbequantitativelyinvestigatedusingmodel’sparameters .Thefrostdurab…