加速器电子束辐照技术在污水处理中的应用

对电子束辐照技术的机理、辐照加速器装置及电子束辐照技术在污水处理中的研究应用现状进行了总结介绍,并对加速器电子束辐照技术的优缺点进行了分析。高能电子束的可控性能好,反应速率快,技术相对成熟,应用范围广,且不产生二次污染,特别是对一般技术难以降解处理的有毒物质,具有较好的技术和经济可行性。最后对加速器电子束辐照技术的大规模应用前景和研究重点进行了展望。     

电子束辐照降解氰化浸金废水的研究进展

电子束辐照处理废水技术具有能处理众多难降解、高毒性污染物,适应性广泛,不产生二次污染,安全可靠等优点。浸金废水是高毒性含氰废水,锌氰络合物是浸金废水中的主要成分之一。通过电子束辐照锌氰络合物水溶来模拟电子束辐照降解浸金废水研究,研究了不同初始浓度、不同辐照剂量下的辐照效应,分析了电子束辐照降解浸金废水的可行性及存在的问题,并展望其应用发展前景。     

电子束辐照法在水处理中的应用

在介绍电子束辐照机理的基础上，概述了其在环境保护中的应用，并着重从降解有毒有害和难降解的有机污染物、重金属离子的去除等方面对国外就电子束辐照在水处理中的研究和应用现状进行综述，最后对电子束辐照和其他的水处理工艺进行了比较，就其自身可以实现对有毒有害有机物混合液的同时处理、与γ辐射相比具有操作方便、安全的特点，但是自由基与有机物反应的选择性差、易受自由基消耗剂的影响，所需剂量一般较大。并对其在水处理中的应用前景进行了展望。     

电子束辐照预硫化技术及其应用研究

阐述电子束辐照预硫化技术的设备结构和反应机理以及辐照剂量均匀性评价方法,探讨电子束辐照预硫化技术在半钢子午线轮胎胎体帘布加工中的应用。结果表明:辐照剂量对胎体帘布胶、帘布及其纤维原丝、轮胎性能有一定的影响;电子束辐照预硫化技术在轮胎生产中应用前景广阔,可以在优化工艺、提高生产效率和提升轮胎产品品质等方面发挥重要作用。近年来,国内大型轮胎企业在半钢子午线轮胎胎体帘布压延生产线新建或改造项目中基本配备了电子束辐照预硫化设备,但是目前亟待解决其故障率较高的问题。     

电子束预处理对醋酯纤维降解性能的影响

利用电子束辐照对醋酯纤维进行预处理,研究电子束辐照对醋酯纤维结构、性质及生物降解性能的影响。通过扫描电镜、红外光谱、黏度测试等方法证明:电子束辐照使醋酯纤维表面产生刻蚀,纤维大分子链断裂,聚合度降低,提高了酯酶和纤维素酶对醋酯纤维的降解能力,且辐照剂量越大,处理后醋酯纤维生物降解性能越好。     

棉纤维素电子束辐射降解效应研究

以棉浆粕纤维为原料,进行电子束辐射降解,考察辐射剂量对棉纤维素的影响。采用XRD对纤维素结晶度进行表征。结果显示,电子束辐射可以有效降解棉纤维素,随着辐射剂量的增大,棉纤维素聚合度迅速降低。棉纤维素电子束辐射降解存在后效应。辐照后7日内,聚合度仍继续显著降低,7日后趋缓,至12日降解反应基本终止。XRD测试结果显示,棉纤维素受辐照后结晶度降低。     

电子束辐照降解氯苯类废水

氯苯类是重要的有机污染物,采用常规处理方法难以降解。利用束流为1mA、电子束能量为1 5MeV的高能电子束辐照处理氯苯、邻,间,对 二氯苯、1,2,4 三氯苯5种氯苯类化合物的模拟废水。辐照剂量分别为35、70、105、140、210kGy。实验表明,电子束能够降解氯苯类废水,邻二氯苯、间二氯苯、对二氯苯、氯苯降解率为50%时所需剂量分别为:38、35、46、206kGy。相同剂量下各化合物的降解率顺序为:氯苯<二氯苯<1,2,4 三氯苯,辐照降解过程中氯离子的质量浓度增加,辐照后溶液呈强酸性,pH=2～3。     

国产化技术首获大规模应用 辐照预硫化强健轮胎“筋骨“

2013年12月12日,记者从在武汉召开的轮胎电子束预硫化新产品推介会上获悉,由湖北久瑞核技术股份有限公司自主研发的电子束辐照预硫化技术,在山东金宇轮胎集团成功实现大规模生产应用,彻底打破了国外企业在该技术领域的垄断,为电子束辐照技术在国内企业的广泛应用提供了有力支持。     

苯胺废水处理的新进展

介绍了对有毒、难生物降解的苯胺废水的传统处理技术及基本原理,主要包括物理、化学、生物等方法。对一些新型的处理技术及基本原理作了简单的介绍,主要包括超声光催化降解、声电联合降解、吸附—双催化氧化降解、电子束辐照降解、膜萃取、新兴的微生物降解以及加压生化法等技术。     

电子束辐照降解土霉素制药废水COD技术研究

以土霉素制药废水为研究对象进行电子束辐照试验,研究了辐照剂量、初始COD、pH及无机离子浓度对COD去除效果的影响。结果表明:电子束辐照技术可有效降低废水中的COD,COD去除率随辐照剂量的增加而不断升高,相同辐照剂量下COD去除率随废水初始浓度的升高而降低,辐照降解规律符合准一级动力学方程。废水最佳pH=5,且不同初始pH的废水经辐照后,水样pH均随辐照剂量的增加而不断降低,主要由产生的小分子有机酸所致。较高的无机离子浓度会导致COD去除率降低。     

辐射在轮胎工业中的应用

介绍电子加速器在子午线轮胎生产中的应用,分析电子束辐射对胎体的作用以及采用辐射新工艺的成本优势.胎体辐射的优点主要表现在3个方面:一是改善子午线轮胎质量,使胎体厚度均匀,平衡性更好;二是节省材料,使胎体减薄,NR/SR并用比减小;三是节省能源,使硫化时间缩短.     

Current Development of Electron Beam Irradiation of Natural Rubber–Polymer Blends

The application of electron beam irradiation in polymers blend with natural rubber such as thermoplastic polymers, specialty polymers, and thermoset polymers are discussed in this paper for the aspects of physical, mechanical, and thermal properties. The interaction of additives and irradiation for natural rubber blends were also been analyzed. The addition of cross-linking agent such as trimetylolpropane trimethacrylate with appropriate amount could enhance the mechanical properties of the polymer–natural rubber blend and lower the optimum dose of electron beam irradiation. In short, electron beam is another potential aspect worth for study in natural rubber research area.     

辐射固化复合材料进展

与传统的热固化成型技术相比,复合材料辐射固化具有快速,高效,低成本等优点,因而成为复合材料成型技术的“热点”之一。重点介绍了紫外光和电子束这两种方式对复合材料的固化,讨论了复合材料辐射固化技术的优点,发展与应用状况,以及存在的一些问题。     

Enhancing and controlling the critical attributes of poly (N-vinylcaprolactam) through electron beam irradiation for biomedical applications

The primary aim of this body of work is to investigate the effect of an industrial scale electron beam sterilization process on novel PNVCL-based smart polymers. There is limited literature available that examines the effects of modifying PNVCL by electron beam irradiation, and as a means of potentially enhancing properties such as the lower critical solution temperature and mechanical behavior. Physically crosslinked poly(N-vinylcaprolactam)–vinyl acetate (PNVCL–VAc) copolymers were prepared by photopolymerization and were subsequently exposed to ionizing radiation via electron beam technology. The mechanical characteristics and phase transitions of the physically crosslinked PNVCL samples were tailored by controlling the electron beam irradiation dose. Importantly, PNVCL and PNVCL–VAc samples (5 wt % in solution) underwent a phase transition between 33.5 and 26.5 °C, following electron beam irradiation. Furthermore, all samples displayed a Young's modulus between 1024.3 and 1516.4 MPa depending on the addition of copolymer and electron beam irradiation dose. The industrial scale electron beam sterilization process proved successful in enhancing/modifying many key smart polymer properties, and this ability to formulate and sterilize in one step could prove a very attractive approach for many biomedical applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48639.     

Grafting of silk with electron beam irradiation

The radiation-induced graft polymerisation of hydroxyethyl methacrylate on silk fabric has been studied using an electron beam irradiation technique. Two irradiation processes, pre-irradiation and coirradiation, were compared, and some factors affecting the degree of grafting were investigated. The physical and mechanical properties such as whiteness, breaking strength and resilience of the radiation-grafted silk fabrics were examined. The hydroxyethyl methacrylate grafting of silk with electron beam irradiation increases silk weight and improves the crease resistance of silk. Electron spin resonance technique shows the formation of free radical species on the electron beam irradiated silk and the rapid decay of radicals in water.     

电子束辐照技术在聚乙烯材料加工改性中的应用

综述了电子束辐照技术用于聚乙烯材料交联和接枝改性的研究情况。通过交联可提高聚乙烯的耐热性和强度；通过接枝可在聚乙烯分子链上引入极性基团，提高表面张力，改进粘合性能等。还介绍了各类电子加速器设备，以及影响辐照反应的因素。     

Decomposition of Aqueous Naphthalene-1,5-Disulfonic Acid by Means of Oxidation Processes

Three different Advanced Oxidation Processes (ozonation at pH 7.5, electron beam irradiation and a combination ozonation/electron beam irradiation) have been applied to study decomposition of aqueous naphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid (1,5-NDSA) with regard to mineralization and formation of biodegradable intermediates. Formation of biodegradable intermediates could not be indicated for any of the processes used; single electron beam irradiation treatment was the most efficient process for mineralization of organic carbon contained in aqueous 1,5-NDSA. Applied to a real wastewater effluent from a mixed municipal/industrial wastewater, electron beam irradiation with a radiation dose of 2 kGy was sufficient to reduce the concentrations of all naphthalene sulfonic acids and some of the alkylphenol ethoxylates also contained in that water by about 2 orders of magnitude.     

Long‐chain branching of polypropylene by electron‐beam irradiation in the molten state

The electron‐beam irradiation of polymers generates modification effects in the macromolecular structure and material properties. Therefore, irradiation processing is mostly realized in the polymer solid state. In this way, the modification of linear polypropylene may result in long‐chain branching of polypropylene macromolecules. The objective of this article is to investigate the effect of a polymer in the molten state during electron‐beam irradiation on the macromolecular structure and material properties of polypropylene. For this procedure, a special irradiation vessel (BG3) has been developed in which a rapid transfer of polymer films from the solid state to the molten state and a defined temperature during electron‐beam irradiation are realizable. The irradiated samples have been analyzed by high‐temperature size exclusion chromatography coupled with a multi‐angle laser light scattering detector and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. With an increasing irradiation dose, a high reduction of the molar mass and an increasing amount of long‐chain branching are found. Compared with irradiation in the solid state, the modification in the molten state leads to a higher degree of branching. The rheological experiments in elongation flow clearly exhibit the existence of long‐chain branching. Furthermore, DSC measurements show that the glass‐transition temperature and peak temperatures of melting and crystallization decrease. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 260–265, 2006     

Effect of electron beam irradiation on mechanical and dielectric properties of polypropylene films

In the present investigation the effect of electron beam irradiation on the mechanical properties of thin films of Polypropylene (PP) were measured. The dielectric properties of PP films were carried out in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 1 MHz at various DC bias potential. All measurements were carried out at room temperature. It is found that the electron beam irradiation caused an increase in Young's Modulus of PP film dose of up to 70 kGy were applied, but tensile strength and % elongation at break were found to be decrease with the increasing dose rate. The significant changes were observed in the case of dielectric constant and dielectric loss for electron irradiated PP films. The DSC results indicate that irradiation on PP films changes the thermal behavior. Minor differences in FTIR spectra were observed after irradiation treatment. It is observed that, the effect of radiation damage results in improvement in mechanical strength of the films. The increased dielectric constant and dependence of the bias voltage in case of irradiated and unirradiated PP films has been reported. It is suggested that, the PP films modified with the electron beam irradiation can be used as a good dielectric material for different electronic devices. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Direct Observation of Channel Structures in Zeolite Y and A with a Slow-Scan, Charge-Coupled-Device Camera

Zeolite materials are very sensitive to electron beam irradiation. Therefore, there have been only limited attempts to characterize their structures using high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). The sensitivity to the electron beam depends strongly on the Si/Al ratio in zeolites. A slow-scan, charge-coupled-device (CCD) camera provides the possibility to observe materials using HREM with very low beam doses. In this study, this method was applied to observe sensitive materials such as zeolite type A and type Y, and HREM images were recorded without any damage caused by electron irradiation under a dose density less than 0. 2 A /cm². It was found that fine channel structures, cleavage planes, and the electron irradiation process in the zeolites could be characterized using HREM with the slow-scan CCD camera.