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对电子束辐照技术的机理、辐照加速器装置及电子束辐照技术在污水处理中的研究应用现状进行了总结介绍,并对加速器电子束辐照技术的优缺点进行了分析。高能电子束的可控性能好,反应速率快,技术相对成熟,应用范围广,且不产生二次污染,特别是对一般技术难以降解处理的有毒物质,具有较好的技术和经济可行性。最后对加速器电子束辐照技术的大规模应用前景和研究重点进行了展望。 相似文献
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电子束辐照技术在聚乙烯材料加工改性中的应用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
综述了电子束辐照技术用于聚乙烯材料交联和接枝改性的研究情况。通过交联可提高聚乙烯的耐热性和强度;通过接枝可在聚乙烯分子链上引入极性基团,提高表面张力,改进粘合性能等。还介绍了各类电子加速器设备,以及影响辐照反应的因素。 相似文献
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综述了辐照关联聚烯烃的电缆的国内外研究现状;介绍了电子速辐照关联的基本原理,加工方式及影响因素,阐述了辐照交联对聚烯烃电缆耐热阻燃等特性的影响及辐照交联聚烯烃电线电缆的应用现状与市场预测。 相似文献
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为改善聚乳酸(polylactic acid,PLA)材料的亲水性,采用电子束辐照接枝亲水性单体N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮对其表面进行改性,得到接枝共聚物PLA-g-PVP。研究了吸收剂用量和反应介质中酸的浓度对PLA接枝率和PLA-g-PVP黏均相对分子质量(简称分子量,下同)的影响,并对PLA-g-PVP的降解性能进行了考察。结果表明,PLA接枝率随着辐照剂量的增加而提高;当反应介质中酸的浓度为0.07 mol/L时PLA-g-PVP的分子量达到极大值;PLA-g-PVP的吸水率和降解速度较PLA明显提高。接枝率为12.1%的PLA-g-PVP共聚物降解48 h后,吸水率为11.5%,是PLA的16.4倍;接枝率为8.8%的PLA-g-PVP共聚物降解168 h后,分子量损失率为82.6%,是PLA的2.4倍。 相似文献
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4.橡胶的辐照加工众所周知,橡胶除了天然橡胶以外,还有各种合成橡胶,其种类繁多。如果橡胶中不加入各种配合剂,所谓橡胶也就毫无意义了。以往在橡胶中加入硫黄、促进剂、稳定剂、补强剂等各种配合剂才获得了具有人们所要求的各种特性的橡胶制品。因此,由于橡胶种类繁多 相似文献
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利用电子束辐照对醋酯纤维进行预处理,研究电子束辐照对醋酯纤维结构、性质及生物降解性能的影响。通过扫描电镜、红外光谱、黏度测试等方法证明:电子束辐照使醋酯纤维表面产生刻蚀,纤维大分子链断裂,聚合度降低,提高了酯酶和纤维素酶对醋酯纤维的降解能力,且辐照剂量越大,处理后醋酯纤维生物降解性能越好。 相似文献
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本文介绍电子辐射对不同墨水书写信息的影响。2001年10月当发现炭疽病毒感染邮寄的信件时,美国政府开始利用电子辐射杀死邮件上的病毒,并在全国推广这项技术。可是过了一段时间发现,这项技术对某些邮寄物品是有害的。数据表明电子辐射可能对邮品上存在的时间特征有损害,尤其是邮寄通过常规船运的美术和历史资料,时间特征是非常重要的。 相似文献
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纳米材料在环境保护方面的最新应用进展 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
综述了近年来纳米材料在环境保护中的应用情况,重点介绍了纳米技术在大气污染、污水处理等环保方面的应用情况。在噪声污染控制,固体废弃物处理,环境监测等方面的应用情况也做了简要的介绍。 相似文献
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Elena Manaila Gabriela Craciun Daniel Ighigeanu Ion Bogdan Lungu Marius Daniel Dumitru Grivei Maria Daniela Stelescu 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(13)
Composites based on natural rubber reinforced with mineral (precipitated silica and chalk) and organic (sawdust and hemp) fillers in amount of 50 phr were obtained by peroxide cross-linking in the presence of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate and irradiated by electron beam in the dose range of 150 and 450 kGy with the purpose of degradation. The composites mechanical characteristics, gel fraction, cross-linking degree, water uptake and weight loss in water and toluene were evaluated by specific analysis. The changes in structure and morphology were also studied by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Based on the results obtained in the structural analysis, possible mechanisms specific to degradation are proposed. The increasing of irradiation dose to 450 kGy produced larger agglomerated structures, cracks and micro voids on the surface, as a result of the degradation process. This is consistent with that the increasing of irradiation dose to 450 kGy leads to a decrease in crosslinking and gel fraction but also drastic changes in mechanical properties specific to the composites’ degradation processes. The irradiation of composites reinforced with organic fillers lead to the formation of specific degradation compounds of both natural rubber and cellulose (aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, compounds with small macromolecules). In the case of the composites reinforced with mineral fillers the degradation can occur by the cleavage of hydrogen bonds formed between precipitated silica or chalk particles and polymeric matrix also. 相似文献
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研究了高能电子束辐照纤维素棉纱接枝丙烯酸的主要影响因素。讨论了接枝反应机理,认为大分子自由基是电子束预辐照纤维素接枝丙烯酸的主要活性中心。对棉纱接枝物的应用作了探索性的研究。 相似文献
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采用高能电子束辐照的方法在聚丙烯微孔膜的表面接枝丙烯酸锂,研究不同的辐照剂量对聚丙烯微孔膜表面接枝丙烯酸锂的接枝率的影响,并对辐照接枝后的聚丙烯微孔膜的结构和性能进行了研究。红外光谱测试结果表明:通过高能电子束辐照,聚丙烯微孔膜的表面能够成功地接枝上丙烯酸锂;表面水接触角测试结果表明,经辐照接枝丙烯酸锂后,聚丙烯微孔膜的表面水接触角减小,表面极性增加,表面亲水性得到提高;SEM观察结果表明,辐照后聚丙烯微孔膜的孔径减小;DSC测试结果表明:辐照后聚丙烯微孔膜的结晶峰温度向高温方向移动,结晶能力得到提高,结晶更加完善。 相似文献
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综述了催化的方法在环境保护中的应用,对不同类别废气净化催化剂、废水净化催化剂和在环境保护应用进展分别作了介绍。并对今后研究的重点提出了一些意见。 相似文献
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Elena Manaila Gabriela Craciun Ion Cosmin Calina 《International journal of molecular sciences》2023,24(1)
Being both a cause and a victim of water scarcity and nutrient deficiency, agriculture as a sustainable livelihood is dependent now on finding new suport solutions. Biodegradable hydrogels usage as soil conditioners may be one of the most effective solutions for irrigation efficiency improvement, reducing the quantity of soluble fertilizers per crop cycle and combating pathogens, due to their versatility assured by both obtaining method and properties. The first goal of the work was the obtaining by electron beam irradiation and characterization of some Sodium Alginate-g-acrylamide/acrylic Acid hydrogels, the second one being the investigation of their potential use as a soil conditioner by successive experiments of absorption and release of two different aqueous nutrient solutions. Alginate-g-acrylamide/acrylic Acid hydrogels were obtained by electron beam irradiation using the linear accelerator ALID 7 at 5.5 MeV at the irradiation doses of 5 and 6 kGy. For this were prepared monomeric solutions that contained 1 and 2% sodium alginate, acrylamide and acrylic acid in ratios of 1:1 and 1.5:1, respectively, for the obtaining of materials with hybrid properties derived from natural and synthetic components. Physical, chemical, structural and morphological characteristics of the obtained hydrogels were investigated by specific analysis using swelling, diffusion and network studies and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Four successive absorption and release experiments of some synthetic and natural aqueous solutions with nutrients were performed. 相似文献