严寒地区村镇住宅空间体型优化设计研究

东北地区隶属于严寒地区,即温带季风性气候,体现为低温、少日照、冬季持久等气候特征。村宅作为人居环境重要组成部分,应充分体现出经济性与适寒性,以适应寒地村镇的地域特征。本文首先研究东北地区生活行为习惯及地域气候因素,得出村镇住宅的限制性条件和适应性原则,进而总结出寒地村镇住宅平面、体型、空间优化方法与设计策略。希望本文的研究可对未来我国寒地村镇的住宅设计起到一定参考借鉴作用。     

基于节能目标的寒地村镇住宅外墙优化设计研究

本文结合寒地气候特征、寒地村镇经济条件及生态环境,提出寒地村镇住宅外墙的构造标准化、体系科学化以及材料生态化的优化设计策略,以期为提高寒地村镇住宅的室内舒适度并降低能耗、节约成本提供助益。     

基于开放建筑理论的东北寒地村镇住宅设计策略

本文通过对东北寒地村镇住宅的现实问题进行剖析,以全寿命周期的可持续为目标,针对东北寒地的客观气候特点和当代村镇住宅的实际需求变化,以开放建筑理论为基础,探讨寒地村镇住宅的全过程设计方法和该理论应用于东北寒地村镇住宅设计的可行性策略,并通过理论分析和实际案例,提出利于可持续发展的适合东北寒地村镇住宅的开放住宅设计模式及流程.     

基于开放建筑理论的东北寒地村镇住宅设计策略

本文通过对东北寒地村镇住宅的现实问题进行剖析,以全寿命周期的可持续为目标,针对东北寒地的客观气候特点和当代村镇住宅的实际需求变化,以开放建筑理论为基础,探讨寒地村镇住宅的全过程设计方法和该理论应用于东北寒地村镇住宅设计的可行性策略,并通过理论分析和实际案例,提出利于可持续发展的适合东北寒地村镇住宅的开放住宅设计模式及流程.     

寒地村镇住宅厨房功能改善研究

文章从寒地气候特征着手,研究了寒地村镇住宅外墙保温现状,探讨了寒地住宅草砖墙和草板墙等外墙保温技术,提出了寒地村镇住宅应当采取得策略。指出充分利用当地材料、与当地传统构造技术结合、改进地方营建技术是寒地村镇建筑保温技术的适用途径。     

寒地村镇住宅低成本屋顶绿色节能技术策略研究

本文将中国寒地低成本屋顶的绿色节能技术分为主体技术、附加技术、主体与附加相结合技术,并且将各项技术与中国寒地村镇的实际情况相对接,提出了具有定性分析依据的寒地村镇住宅低成本屋顶绿色节能技术的策略体系,并以此为基础,为中国寒地村镇住宅的低成本绿色屋顶提供新建、推广、优化、改造等方面的选择建议与技术措施.     

寒地村镇住宅低成本屋顶绿色节能技术策略研究

本文将中国寒地低成本屋顶的绿色节能技术分为主体技术、附加技术、主体与附加相结合技术,并且将各项技术与中国寒地村镇的实际情况相对接,提出了具有定性分析依据的寒地村镇住宅低成本屋顶绿色节能技术的策略体系,并以此为基础,为中国寒地村镇住宅的低成本绿色屋顶提供新建、推广、优化、改造等方面的选择建议与技术措施.     

谈轻钢结构住宅在寒地村镇的发展前景

分析了轻钢结构住宅体系的特点,从寒地村镇的现状出发,阐述了轻钢结构住宅体系在寒地村镇的发展前景,对轻钢结构住宅体系在我国寒地村镇的推广和运用具有一定的现实意义。     

改善寒地村镇住宅热舒适性设计策略研究

为了提高寒地村镇住宅的热舒适性,需要从平面布局优化、采暖方式选取、建筑体型控制和屋面保温加强等多方面提出积极的改进意见与合理的改进方式,从而在整体上形成改善寒地村镇住宅热舒适性的若干综合设计策略.     

寒地村镇住宅屋顶设计的气候适应性研究

村镇住宅屋顶在整体住宅建筑造型中扮演着非常重要的角色.文章分析了寒冷地区村镇住宅屋顶适应性问题,提出了屋顶技术形式与气候的互适反射,针对寒地村镇住宅所存在的问题,提出了不同的适宜解决措施.     

Low Carbon,Low Risk,Low Density: Resolving choices about sustainable development in cities

Urban areas face a conundrum, they need to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and consumption of resources, whilst also increasing their resilience to climate change and extreme weather, and improving wellbeing. However, it is widely recognized that well intended intervention to address one of these sustainability objectives in isolation can undermine other objectives. This paper presents a framework to efficiently identify spatial development strategies that provide the best outcomes against multiple objectives. The framework has been applied to London (UK) to identify strategies that can simultaneously: (i) minimize exposure to future heat wave events; (ii) minimize the risk from flood events; (iii) minimize transport emissions; (iv) minimize urban sprawl; (v) maximize brownfield development; and, (vi) prevent development of greenspace that is recognized as important to wellbeing. Prioritizing each objective in isolation leads to considerably different spatial planning structures, exposing conflicts between many objectives. These include tradeoffs between urban heat risk and transport emissions; and also previously undocumented conflicts between minimizing flood and heat risks. Allowing greater flexibility in development density is shown to provide benefits in terms of heat risk reduction, whilst not significantly affecting mitigation objectives. The framework is shown to significantly improve upon the London Spatial Development Strategy for the objectives analyzed. Further analysis identifies optimal spatial strategies to achieve a Low Carbon, Low Risk or Low Density city - however, these cannot be simultaneously maximized. This work shows there are difficult, and often irreconcilable, choices to be made in the spatial planning of sustainable cities. Spatial search and optimization tools strengthen the evidence-base for planning. Rapid identification of development strategies that satisfy, and minimize conflicts between, multiple objectives helps planners to develop strategies that simultaneously improve urban sustainability and reduce the risks from natural hazards.     

Low cost housing

Architect and Town Planner, Amitava Deb of the Central Buildng Research Institute, Roorkee, describes the problems of maintaining mass housing in India and concludes that whilst zero maintenance should be an objective, concerted efforts are needed to develop compatible building materials, that will turn the dream into a reality. The paper was presented at the Paris Congress.     

Low energy houses

Domestic buildings absorb about 1/4 to 1/3 of the UK's primary energy. New houses can be designed which use half, or even considerably less than half of the energy consumed by their contemporaries. Typical examples are the Danish Zero Energy House and the Saskatchewan House. Unfortunately the U.K. building industry and its clients generally ignore long-run costs, in favour of lower initial capital investment. Such a position favours insulation and passive solar techniques, as opposed to more complex methods, for reducing network energy consumption in buildings.     

Low cost housing

Architect and Town Planner, Amitava Deb of the Central Buildng Research Institute, Roorkee, describes the problems of maintaining mass housing in India and concludes that whilst zero maintenance should be an objective, concerted efforts are needed to develop compatible building materials, that will turn the dream into a reality. The paper was presented at the Paris Congress.     

微涡旋混凝低脉动沉淀技术处理低温低浊水

依据低温低浊水的特点,对其处理过程中的亚微观传质及絮凝过程中的动力特性进行分析,并通过试验结果阐明了该技术的可应用性和实用性以及低耗高效的特点。     

西北高原地区的低温、低浊水处理

以西北高原某水库水为处理对象，通过试验确定了适合西北高原低温、低浊水处理的工艺方法。结果表明，活化硅酸助凝和溶气气浮法是处理该原水的关键技术措施。在PAC投量为3.5mgl／L(以Al2O3计)、活化硅酸投量为3．8mg／L(以SiO2计)、溶气水回流比为7％～8％、溶气压力为0．4MPa、反应时间为12min、气浮停留时间12．5min的情况下。气浮池的出水浊度为2～3NTU，滤后水的浊度为O～1NTU，过滤周期为17h，并且溶气气浮工艺较沉淀工艺投药量小、运行费用省、占地面积小、耗水量少。     

谈谈合理低价中标

建设工程实行工程量清单招标合理低价中标方式在招标实践中评标委员会如何确定合理低价,如何防止投标人恶性竞争,以低于成本的价格竞价是一个值得研究解决的现实问题。文章从工程费用的组成、评标委员会的构成,以及工程实施过程中采用的经济行政手段等方面,提出了合理低价的确定以及规范评标的具体方法。     

低成本屋顶方案

来自Corus的Hi-Point是一种新型的非现场制造的屋顶体系，它是在海德克（Corus建筑体系和Kalzip的基地）专用场所进行建造生产的。快速的建筑工程由于时间和空间的限制需要进行非现场施工，而Hi-Point正是一种理想的选择。     

低硬、低碱度水的再矿化对管道腐蚀的控制效果

以深圳市的低硬、低碱度水为研究对象,考察单独投加石灰或CO,/石灰联用的两种再矿化工艺对管道腐蚀的控制效果。结果表明:当单独投加石灰提高水样的pH值时,水的腐蚀性并未有明显改变,而CO2/石灰再矿化工艺控制腐蚀的效果较明显。与未矿化的出厂水相比,当再矿化后水的碱度提高到80 mg/L(以CaCo3计)时,对A3钢、镀锌钢、灰口铸铁和球墨铸铁的腐蚀速率分别降低了73.3%、70.0%、59.7%和67.9%,并且此时腐蚀产物中碳酸钙的含量超过了60%,能很好地形成碳酸钙保护膜以抑制管道腐蚀。     

低碳低水泥用量自密实混凝土的研究

以较低水泥用量180kg/m3,大掺量矿渣粉、粉煤灰研制出C50高强高性能自密实混凝土,混凝土排碳量仅为88.136kg/m3,是普通自密实混凝土的49.52%。试验表明该混凝土和易性好、流动性保持性好,性能与采用高水泥用量配制出的自密实混凝土相当。该文研究的自密实混凝土大大降低了水泥用量,降低混凝土的排碳量,同时大大降低混凝土成本。