一种无线传感器网络自适应休眠算法的研究

降低无线传感器网络的能耗一直是迫切解决的问题,通过对无线传感器网络节点能耗分布情况的研究,发现对无线传感器网络节点休眠,可以减少节点收发能耗。针对降低无线传感器网络节点能耗的问题,本文基于多因素、多层次的层次分析法,设计了一种无线传感器网络自适应休眠算法（AHP休眠算法）。实验表明该算法依据信息采集需求和节点剩余能量自适应控制网络节点的休眠和收发,与传统的RS休眠[1][2]和定时休眠算法[3]对比,提高了节点能量的利用率,延长网络生命期。     

无线传感器网络覆盖质量与节点休眠优化策略

研究网络优化安全可靠性问题,在无线传感器网络中,网络的能量有限,为了降低能耗,针对提高覆盖质量和降低能耗是一对矛盾,需要权衡考虑,可通过使部分节点休眠的方法来降低能耗,为了保持较高的覆盖质量,又需要较多的活跃节点.提出了一种无线传感器网络覆盖质量与节点休眠优化策略,对传感器节点随机冗余部署和随机休眠方案,建立覆盖质量与节点休眠之间关系的理论模型,引进调整覆盖质量与节点休眠的权衡问题,采用粒子群算法寻求两者间的最优化组合进行仿真,验证了模型的正确性及优化策略的可行性,为无线传感器网络节点休眠调度机制的实际应用提供了依据.     

无线传感器网络中基于最小跳数路由的节点休眠算法

结合无线传感器网络中的最小跳数路由协议,根据功能的不同将传感器节点分为只进行数据采集的终端节点和既进行数据采集又要转发数据的中间节点两类;提出一种节点休眠算法,对前述两种节点采取不同的休眠/唤醒策略以降低能耗。理论分析和仿真结果表明：所提节点休眠算法节约了节点能量,延长了无线传感器网络的寿命。     

无线传感器网络中能量有效自适应路由算法研究

针对无线传感器网络寿命最大化问题,基于无线传感器节点能耗分布特点和数据传输能耗模型,建立无线传感器网络生存周期的数学优化模型,并针对最小能耗路由的能耗不均衡问题和能量均衡路由的能耗开销问题,综合考虑网络中节点的剩余能量和节点间发送数据的能耗,提出一个适合无线多跳传感器网络的自适应路由算法。仿真结果表明,提出的路由算法能充分地利用有限的能量资源,较大地延长网络生存周期。     

无线传感器网络中能量有效自适应路由算法研究

针对无线传感器网络寿命最大化问题,基于无线传感器节点能耗分布特点和数据传输能耗模型,建立无线传感器网络生存周期的数学优化模型,并针对最小能耗路由的能耗不均衡问题和能量均衡路由的能耗开销问题,综合考虑网络中节点的剩余能量和节点间发送数据的能耗,提出一个适合无线多跳传感器网络的自适应路由算法。仿真结果表明,提出的路由算法能充分地利用有限的能量资源,较大地延长网络生存周期。     

无线传感器网络T-MAC协议的研究

自适应能量有效无线传感器网络T-MAC协议拥有一个自适应的休眠周期,动态地控制节点的活动状态时间来减少节点的空闲监听时间,有效地节约了节点的能量,同时还兼顾了网络的吞吐量。同时,由于无线传感器网络中不对称通信模式的存在,T-MAC协议存在早睡问题,很大程度上影响了网络的性能。根据中心极限定理,对T-MAC提出了一种改进设计,使其低负载时能耗更少,并一定程度上改善了早睡问题。     

无线传感器网络节能分簇路由协议改进

有效地降低能耗,延长网络生存时间一直是无线传感器网络的研究热点.分析了LEACH协议并提出一种改进算法,该算法通过控制网络内冗余节点休眠,采用中转节点转发较远节点的监测信息,以减少网络中的冗余节点个数和簇首的数据通信量.仿真结果表明:新算法能有效节约网络能量,平衡节点能耗,延长网络生存时间.     

基于分片重传链路感知的无线传感器网络能耗控制方法

针对无线传感器由于节点从休眠状态转换为觉醒状态的高频次,导致无线传感器网络存在耗能高、覆盖质量低的问题,提出了一种基于分片重传链路感知的无线传感器网络能耗控制方法。该方法确定待激活的最佳临近网络节点,计算节点轮数和剩余能量,明确待休眠节点,完成节点调度方法设计;引入分片重传链路感知,结合误码率检验数据传输成功率,数据传输失败实行休眠重传,不断迭代获得最佳状态,实现无线传感器网络能耗控制。实验结果表明,网络能耗控制方法在运行轮数为40轮时,覆盖质量仍在85%以上,高于对比方法5%,其在运行时间100 min时,网络能耗仅为10 000 J左右,降低了4 000 J以上,CPU占比率最高仅为23.91%,该算法在保证覆盖质量的前提下,最大程度降低了能耗,并且CPU占比率低,提高了使用效率。     

基于加权的无线传感器网络优化覆盖算法

针对无线传感器网络探测网络环境的自适应休眠算法(Probing Environment and Adaptive Sleeping,PEAS)在节点调度过程中,存在节点能耗不均衡、网络的生命周期较短的问题,提出一种基于加权的优化覆盖算法。该算法对最小频繁项的目标所对应的传感节点按能量高低进行划分集合,使各集合能够独立覆盖最小频繁项的目标,以达到局部的优化。考虑到传感节点覆盖目标数和剩余能量对无线传感网络生存周期的影响,对边缘未覆盖的目标节点采用加权的方式进行覆盖。仿真结果表明:该算法能够均衡网络节点的能耗,有效地延长了网络的生命周期。     

无线传感网中基于优先级的节点休眠调度机制

当前,无线传感网的广泛应用给人们带来便捷的同时,与日俱增的能耗也对全球环境造成了重大影响。因此,无线传感网的节能问题始终是业界关注的焦点。节点休眠调度策略有助于合理组织网络中众多传感器节点的工作状态,从而有效均衡节点负载和降低网络整体能耗。首先,对现存的无线传感网休眠调度策略进行了调研分析,并指出了存在的边界效应问题。然后,针对现有节点休眠调度策略存在的不足,面向无线传感网目标监测应用场景的需求,综合考量网络覆盖度和节点剩余能量,构造了节点进行休眠决策的优先级,并据此设计了一种基于优先级的分布式节点休眠调度机制(Priority Based Distributed Sleep Scheduling, PBDSS)。仿真实验结果表明,与典型的贪心休眠调度策略相比,PBDSS能够降低信息交互带来的能量开销,有效解决了边界效应问题,均衡了节点能量消耗,提高了节点能量效率,延长了网络寿命。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.