Absch?tzung der hydraulischen Permeabilit?t (Durchl?ssigkeit) aus bohrlochgeophysikalischen Standardmessungen in?unkonsolidierten Sedimenten

Geohydraulic parameters are very important for efficient groundwater resource management. The goal of this paper was to estimate the permeability from disturbed drilling material and its associated geophysical data. Based on geophysical borehole measurements and retrieved material, we tested how clay content and grain size may influence permeability. The permeabilities measured in the laboratory correlated well with those from geophysical borehole measurements (i.e. gamma- and resistivity logs). These correlations yielded empirical relations for the permeability. A?condition for these empirical relations is that the equations are only applicable for aquifers.     

Vernetzung der Hydrogeologie mit Nachbardisziplinen: eine Zukunftsoption?

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Passive Probennahme mit Keramikdosimetern: M?glichkeiten und Grenzen der Einsetzbarkeit

As a result of a railway-accident, the aquifer in Elsterwerda (southern Brandenburg, Germany) has become contaminated with unleaded fuel. To monitor groundwater quality at this site, several ceramic dosimeters were installed in selected observation wells. The adsorber material in the dosimeters was conditioned to sample benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene. The dosimeters were installed between two regularly scheduled groundwater sampling events. Active and passive sampling results showed considerable differences in concentration in some cases. In addition to the diameter of the observation well, the main reason for the difference was a high dependency of passive sampling on the hydraulic connection between the observation wells and the aquifer. As a result of the comparison of active and passive sampling as well as considering additional site investigation data related to the spatial spreading of the contamination, it was possible to determine the hydraulic connection between the well and aquifer for the investigated wells. Hence, the application of ceramic dosimeters at Elsterwerda was not only suitable to acquire depth-dependent concentrations, but also to obtain information on the physical and hydraulic condition of the observation wells. However, rather limited additional information can be gained from the application of ceramic dosimeters at sites where there is no a priori information on the hydraulic connection of a well or on the depth-dependent distribution of the contamination.     

Toxizitätsreduktion durch (Grundwasser-) Sanierung?

The usage of an automatized and continuously (on-line) working biomonitor for the surveillance of groundwater remediation is presented and the data are compared to different discontinuous acute biotests. The use of an on-line biomonitor at the SAFIRA groundwater remediation testsite showed to be superior to the discontinuous tests. The long-time surveillance of two different remediation techniques revealed a decrease in remediation efficiency of one technique while the other technique -using activated carbon- did not show any reduction in efficiency. The validation of these results with other acute biotests (algae, fishembryo, daphnia and genotoxicity) indicated a complex groundwater contamination which can not be explained by the quantitatively main contaminant monochlorobenzene. It is suggested to use ecotoxicological biotests and knowledge in parallel to the conventional chemical analysis before a remediation strategy is designed. All anthropogenic contaminations (toxic or unwanted) should be identified beforehand such that the developed remediation techniques would be more target-oriented.     

Modellansätze zur langfristigen Entwicklung der Grundwasserqualität im Bourtanger Moor (Emsland)

Agricultural activities and atmospheric acid deposition are responsible for a significant decline of shallow groundwater quality in the Bourtanger Moor area near the German city Haren (Ems). The main indicators of acidification are low soil and groundwater pH and elevated aluminium concentrations. Agricultural nutrient concentrations, e. g. for potassium and nitrate commonly exceed drinking water limits. Polluted water has partially reached deeper layers where drinking water wells are screened. Contaminant spreading is retarded due to geochemical interactions with reactive aquifer material. Cation exchange and autotrophic denitrification are the main processes. Mass balance calculations, colums experiments and hydrogeochemical modelling show that the vertical propagation velocities of the contaminants are in the range of several centimetres per year.     

Bauabgabe; (keine) Aussch?pfung der Baubewilligung

Die Bauabgabe bemisst sich nach der bewilligten Bruttogescho?fl?che. Bei nur teilweiser Aussch?pfung der Baubewilligung besteht kein Rückforderungsanspruch.     

Hydrogeochemie von Eisenausfällungen an Grundwasseraustritten der Abraumkippe Berrenrath (Rheinisches Braunkohlenrevier)

Groundwater at the abandoned lignite mine in Berrenrath (Germany) is acidic and highly mineralised. Average iron concentrations of 588 mg/l indicate a high potential for acidification. Furthermore, investigations revealed a complete depletion of the carbonate buffer capacity (CaCO₃ and $\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}$ ) during chemical groundwater evolution. Over the next few decades, no decrease of dissolved pyrite oxidation products is expected. On the contrary, within the drainage ditches at the edges of the dump, an intense precipitation of iron oxides is occurring. However, despite oxygen saturation, precipitation of iron oxides is incomplete due to strong acidification of the surface water (pH<3.0). The main contamination of the iron sludge is caused by high nickel concentrations. This element is only loosely bound to the iron oxides and is easily mobilised. Because of high nickel- and sulphate-concentrations, the excavated material has to be deposited in a controlled landfill (German dump category of 2 to 3).     

Zur Hydrogeologie veränderlich fester Gesteine mit Sulfatgestein,Beispiel Gipskeuper (Trias,Grabfeld-Formation)

Grundwasser - Im süddeutschen Schichtstufenland wird der bis zu 120?m mächtige Gipskeuper (Trias, Grabfeld-Formation) aus Tonsteinen mit einzelnen karbonatischen, zumeist...     

Kombinierte Herkunftsbestimmung der Wässer im Jökulsáá Fjöllum-Canyon (NE-Island)

The northeastern region of Iceland is characterized by dreary stony deserts and marshland with the exception of the areas Hólmatungur and Forvö in the Jökulsáá Fjöllum-canyon. The rich vegetation and the high density of springs are exceptional in this region. Since many fissure swarms run through the catchment of the Jökulsáá Fjöllum and inside the canyon there are springs with discharges over 300 l/s, it was necessary to investigate the origin of the water in both spring areas. In a field campaign the physicochemical parameters from over hundred springs were measured, samples were taken and analyzed for their water contents and isotopical parameters. Through the combination of interpolated species distibutions with measured fissures and joints and the usage of the index-species sulphate and total-boron to detect geothermal influences and chloride and δ ¹⁸ O, which shows a dependence on the continental effect, it was possible to separate springs with geothermal influences from water of uninfluenced catchments.     

Amtshaftung; kontaminiertes Gelände; Mülldeponie; Altlasten; Baulandwidmung; (keine) Nachforschungspflichten der Gemeinde; (kein) ausreichender Verdacht

Im Anwendungsbereich des stmk ROG bestehen keine speziellen raumordnungsrechtlichen Nachforschungspflichten der Gemeinde, ob ein als Bauland zu widmendes Gel?nde mit Altlasten kontaminiert ist. Selbst wenn auf einer benachbarten Liegenschaft eine genehmigte Mülldeponie bestanden hat (und diese Liegenschaft im AlSAG-Verdachtsfl?chenkataster ersichtlich gemacht worden ist), kann daraus noch nicht geschlossen werden, dass auf dem Grundstück problematische Ablagerungen zu vermuten sind, insbesondere wenn in unmittelbarer Umgebung schon seit vielen Jahren Wohnh?user bestanden und keine Meldungen über Ablagerungen in diesem Bereich an die Gemeinde erfolgten.     

Gastgewerbe; Bedürfnisse der Bewohner; Zielgruppen?nderung; (keine) res judicata

Kam der Art der Nutzung eines Gastgewerbes bei der rechtskr?ftigen Versagung der Baubewilligung entscheidendes Gewicht zu (hier: im Zusammenhang mit den wirtschaftlichen, sozialen oder kulturellen Bedürfnissen der Bewohner), stellt ein Zielgruppenwechsel (hier: von einer nur für M?nner zug?nglichen "Cafe-Bar" zu einer "allgemein" zug?nglichen Bar) eine wesentliche Sachverhalts?nderung dar, der keine res judicata entgegen steht.     

New Europe: place(s) without a sense of place?

The 10 new member states of Europe are united by no more than historic synchronicity - a single point of entry into the EU in May 2004. Guest-editor Valentina Croci introduces this title of AD by explaining both the circumstances that some of these countries share, particularly those of the ex-Soviet bloc, but also the very different conditions the nations grapple with as separate entities. Despite the many disparities between countries, she finds an underlying consistency in the concerns voiced by the local contributors, as the respect for individual national identities and a sense of place emerge as paramount. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Almadén district (Spain): anatomy of one of the world's largest Hg-contaminated sites

We present data from an early reconnaissance survey (stream sediments, soil, and water Hg chemistry; plants and water crustaceans Hg intake) of the Almadén district (central Spain), that was carried out to establish the potential environmental hazards derived from the anomalous mercury concentrations measured in this realm. The Almadén mercury district (approximately 300 km2) can be regarded as the largest geochemical anomaly of mercury on Earth. The district includes a series of mercury mineral deposits, having in common a simple mineralogy (dominant cinnabar: HgS, and minor pyrite: FeS2). The ore deposits have been mined for more than 2000 years, and the main mine of the district (Almadén), has been active from Roman times to present day with almost no interruptions. The mercury distribution in soils of the district reveals the existence of high, and extremely high mercury values (up to 8889 microg g(-1)), whereas concentrations in stream sediments and waters reach exceptional values of up to 16,000 microg g(-1) and 11,200 ng l(-1) respectively. On the other hand, very high concentrations of methylmercury (MeHg) have been detected in calcines (up to 3100 ng g(-1)), sediments (0.32-82 ng g(-1)), and waters (0.040-30 ng l(-1)). Mercury gets incorporated to edible river crustaceans and plants. The red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii, has Hg concentrations of up to 9060 ng g(-1) (muscle) and 26,150 ng g(-1) (hepatopancreas). Regarding plants, the local wild asparagus (Asparagus acutifolius) yields values of up to 298 microg g(-1) Hg. Mercury also escapes to the atmosphere, and mineral deposits, together with metallurgical activities, generate strong anomalies of atmospheric Hg. The most important concentrations relate to the emissions from the Almadén metallurgical roaster, in the order of 14,000 ng Hg m(-3). Additionally, large open pit operations also contribute to the district atmospheric pool of mercury, with high concentrations above 1000 ng Hg m(-3). Thus, no system (rocks, soils, sediments, waters, atmosphere, biota) in the Almadén district is free from strong Hg contamination.     

"Gebiet für Gesch?ftsbauten mit gemischtem Warenangebot"; Ausnutzbarkeit des Bauplatzes; Verkaufsfl?che; Immissionsschutz; (keine) subjektiv-?ffentlichen Nachbarrechte

Die Widmung "Gebiet für Gesch?ftsbauten mit gemischten Warenangebot" bietet keinen Immissionsschutz. Nachbarn kommt kein subjektiv-?ffentliches Recht auf Einhaltung der festgelegten Verkaufsfl?che für Einkaufszentren zu.     

向左走?向右走?——关于莱昂·克里尔(Leon Krier)和他的《建筑:选择还是宿命》(Architecture:Choice or Fate)

来自台湾的画家几米曾经出版过一本与本文标题同名的连环画,描述了一个发生在当代都市里的朴素但依然会让人心动的爱情故事,仅有一墙之隔的一对青年男女在偶然中相遇又在偶然中失去了联系,而每个人每天习惯性的或是向左走或是向右走几乎让他们失去了再次相遇的机会……当然作者最终还是画出了充满希望的结