江西永修黄花蒿挥发油化学成分的GC/MS分析

目的:分析江西永修野生黄花蒿花挥发油的化学成分。方法:用水蒸馏法提取黄花蒿花挥发油,并用气相色谱-质谱法分析。结果:从黄花蒿花挥发油中共分离出63个组分,其中含量高于1%的有14个成分,占挥发油总量的79.11%。结论:挥发油的主要成分为桉油精(18.86%)、樟脑(16.55%)、α-愈创木烯(6.82%)、大根香叶烯(6.74%)、石竹烯(5.97%)、顺式-乙酸菊花烯酯(5.45%)、2,6-二甲基-1,5,7-辛三烯-3-醇(4.59%)、β-金合花烯(3.84%)、α-荜澄茄油烯(3.16%)、松油烯-4-醇(2.01%)、2-甲基-2-丁香烯(1.40%)、崁烯(1.35%)、α-松油烯(1.32%)和β-蒎烯(1.05%),具有进一步开发和利用的价值。     

素心蜡梅和红心蜡梅鲜花挥发油成分分析

用同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)提取了素心蜡梅和红心蜡梅鲜花的挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对其挥发油的化学成分进行了分析鉴定。从素心蜡梅挥发油中鉴定出38种化学成分,占挥发油色谱总峰面积的92.214%;红心蜡梅中鉴定出42种化学成分,占挥发油色谱总峰面积的93.689%。素心蜡梅挥发油中相对质量分数较高的成分是z-木罗烯(18.128%)、z-榄香烯(13.640%)、L-乙酸龙脑酯(8.577%)、tau-杜松醇(7.771%)、β-荜澄茄烯(6.588%)等;红心蜡梅挥发油中相对质量分数较高的是榄香醇(16.171%)、z-榄香烯(12.758%)、β-荜澄茄烯(11.501%)、tau-杜松醇(4.649%)、石竹烯(3.947%)等。     

重庆含笑鲜花挥发油的化学成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)和同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)分别提取了重庆地区含笑鲜花的挥发油,并用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其挥发油的化学成分进行了分离鉴定。从含笑鲜花水蒸气蒸馏和同时蒸馏萃取所得挥发油中,分别鉴定出38种和36种化合物,分别占挥发油色谱总峰面积的92.928%和90.555%。两种方法提取的含笑鲜花挥发油提取率分别为0.12%和0.26%,主要成分均为萜烯类、萜烯醇类、酯类化合物,相对质量分数较高的成分有τ-榄香烯、石竹烯、β-榄香烯、大根香叶烯D、α-布藜烯、(Z)-5,11,14,17-二十碳四烯酸甲酯等。     

乐昌含笑叶挥发油超声波提取工艺优化及化学成分分析

乐昌含笑具有抗氧化活性,为阐明其作用机理,该文对乐昌含笑叶挥发油进行了提取工艺及化学成分研究。采用超声波法提取挥发油,用正交设计实验优化了各提取参数。萃取的优化条件为V(正戊烷)∶V(乙醚)=1∶2为萃取剂、m(萃取剂)/m(样品)=10、超声时间30 m in。在优化条件下,其挥发油的收率为2.48%。用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法结合计算机检索对挥发油化学成分进行了分析和鉴定,从乐昌含笑叶挥发油中共鉴定出42种成分。用气相色谱峰面积归一法测定了各化合物的相对质量分数,占总峰面积的88.66%。乐昌含笑叶挥发油主要成分为大根香叶烯A(10.53%)、(E,E)-金合欢醇(7.53%)、β-丁香烯(6.44%)、α-没药醇(6.16%)、β-榄香醇(6.14%)、莪术烯(4.28%)、长叶烯酮(3.50%)、α-荜澄茄烯(3.25%)和γ-杜松烯(3.23%)。     

万寿菊挥发油的制备及其成分分析

优化水蒸气蒸馏法,对万寿菊花中挥发油进行提取,得油率为0.54%。利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发油进行分析鉴定,鉴定出47种化学成分,应用峰面积归一化法确定了各成分的相对质量分数。水蒸气蒸馏法提取得到的万寿菊挥发油主要含萜烯类化合物,共计14种,占挥发油总量的56.30%,包括冰片烯(18.31%)、氧化石竹烯(16.09%)、石竹烯(13.41%)等。     

季节对柠檬香茅草油得油率和成分的影响研究

采用传统水蒸气蒸馏通过对不同季节的柠檬香茅草进行得油率测定,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析柠檬香茅油的化学成分,采用GC峰面积归一化法定量,考察了季节对柠檬香茅挥发油成分的影响。实验结果表明:柠檬香茅挥发油含量(绝干计)在9月和12月较高,其中9月的挥发油含量最高。柠檬香茅油中主要组分为月桂烯、橙花醛和香叶醛,含量均大于10%;橙花醛和香叶醛含量从3月到10月呈增加趋势。     

艾叶挥发油及其热裂解物成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法,对干艾叶中挥发油进行提取,测得干艾叶中含挥发油的质量分数为2.6%,并用气相色谱-质谱联用技术进行分析鉴定,鉴定出48种化学成分,应用峰面积归一法确定了各成分的相对质量分数。水蒸气蒸馏法提取的艾叶挥发油主要含桉树脑(21.90%)、2-莰醇(6.04%)、樟脑(5.97%)、2-蒎烯(5.52%)、β-石竹烯(4.80%)等。采用热裂解-气相色谱-质谱联用方法对干艾叶挥发油在900℃的条件下进行热裂解,并分析其热裂解物的化学组成,鉴定出44种化学成分,主要包括(+)-γ-古芸烯(9.58%)、β-石竹烯(6.91%)、α-松油醇(6.89%)、马鞭烯醇(6.61%)、4-萜品醇(6.35%)等。     

苤蓝挥发油的气相色谱质谱分析

分析了苤蓝中的挥发油成分。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,用GC-MS技术并结合Kovats保留指数对其进行分析鉴定。结果表明,采用GC-MS分析并结合保留指数鉴定,从苤蓝挥发油中共鉴定出其中的22种化合物,其中含量较高的有3-侧柏烯(6.41%)、D-柠檬烯(5.47%)、(+)-4-蒈烯(5.24%)、α-水芹烯(4.72%)、β-芳樟醇(4.06%)等。对苤蓝中挥发油成分进行分析鉴定,为其合理开发利用提供科学依据。     

食凉茶中挥发油成分分析

采用超临界CO2萃取技术提取食凉茶[柳叶蜡梅(Chi monanthus salicifolius)]中挥发油成分,经毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析,鉴定了68个挥发性化合物。其挥发性化合物主要是烯烃类和有机酸类,分别占提取出挥发油总量的39.90%和4.24%。用该法提取出的挥发性成分含量最高的是3-(4,8-二甲基-3,7-壬二烯)-呋喃(黑蚁素)(19.33%),其次为4-(3,7-二甲基-3-乙烯基-1,6-辛二烯)-苯酚(5.09%)、喇叭烯氧化物(4.94%)、α-松油醇乙酸酯(2.88%)、n-十六烷酸(2.09%)、白菖烯环氧化物(2.04%)、异香橙烯环氧化物(1.75%)、亚麻酸(1.44%)等。     

毛蕊花挥发油成分分析及其在卷烟中的应用

采用水蒸气蒸馏法,对毛蕊花中挥发油进行提取。测得毛蕊花挥发油得率为0.6%。并用气相色谱/质谱联用技术进行分析鉴定,鉴定出58种化学成分,应用峰面积归一法确定了各成分的相对含量。水蒸气蒸馏法提取的毛蕊花挥发油主要含苧烯(31.28%)、小茴香酮(22.17%)、桉叶素(9.25%)、反式石竹烯(6.63%)、α-艹律草烯(6.4%)、蒎烯(3.24%)、胡椒烯酮醚(3.01%)等。用毛蕊花挥发油进行了卷烟加香试验,结果表明毛蕊花挥发油具有改善卷烟香气、增加清香香韵、降低刺激性的作用,毛蕊花挥发油可用于卷烟加香。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。