微小孔加工技术现状及发展趋势

微小孔广泛地应用于各个领域,人们不仅对于提高微小孔加工质量、效率、降低加工成本有着迫切的需求,而且还要在各种难加工材料上进行微小孔加工,因而发展出多种微小孔加工技术.本文分析了微小孔加工的技术难点,综述了目前常用的钻削等机械加工微小孔的方法和激光、电火花、超声等特种加工微小孔的方法,并着重介绍了它们的原理、特点、发展现状以及未来的发展趋势.     

CBN超硬磨具磨钻钛合金微小孔加工研究

分析了微小孔加工的技术难点,综述了目前常用的微小孔加工的方法和其优缺点。针对一种新的难加工材料的微小孔加工理论进行了探索,并在此理论基础上进行了磨具的结构设计。     

特种加工微小孔技术及其发展现状

揭示了微小孔加工的主要技术难点，论述了国内、外特种加工技术加工微小孔的研究与应用，围绕采用各种特殊方式对微小孔加工的关键技术及适用范围进行了论述。最后，指出了目前微小孔加工技术中有待进一步解决的问题和研究方向。     

电火花微小孔加工速度的预测

为了研究电火花微小孔加工工艺过程,通过对一些智能算法的比较分析,采用线性规划(LP)形式的ε-支持向量回归机(ε-SVR)这种算法,对电火花微小孔加工进行了加工工艺的仿真。其中结合正交试验获得所需样本,并将样本随机分配为训练样本和预测样本,利用训练样本建立微小孔加工速度的仿真模型,再利用预测样本对仿真模型进行验证。结果表明:预测结果与试验结果较为一致,所建立的电火花微小孔加工速度模型可用,本方法可行性较好。     

共轨管微小孔磨粒流加工装备的设计与数值模拟

通过对磨粒流加工技术的研究,提出了解决共轨管零件微小孔结构的精密加工方法.设计了一种磨粒流加工装备,可实现对共轨管零件微小孔的精加工,并对该装备的关键部件进行了有限元分析.利用流体力学软件Fluent对磨粒流微小孔加工的加工状态进行了数值模拟,通过比较分析,得到了理想的磨粒流加工方案.     

小孔的特种加工技术综述

对电火花加工在小孔加工方面的应用及其发展进行了叙述，并对电解加工、激光加工、超声波加工、电子束加工等方法在小孔加工方面的特点进行了归纳。给出了几种加工方法的性能对照表。     

电解加工微小孔误差分析及特征检测研究

针对电解加工微小孔特征检测问题,对影响加工精度的因素、特征检测方法、数字图像处理等问题进行了研究,对电解加工时工作圈长度与径向间隙、孔内电解液体积之间的函数关系进行了归纳,提出了一种基于Matlab数字图像处理技术的微小孔特征检测方法;对电解加工得到的微小孔图片进行了滤波、去噪、边缘检测和特征提取,得到了所加工微小孔圆度、锥度、粗糙度等几何特征参数值,根据检测结果定量评定了加工误差,及时调整了电解加工时的各项参数。研究结果表明:该检测方法设计合理,错检率、漏检率低,检测时间短。     

分流法小孔电火花加工与试验

介绍一种等面积分流法的小孔电火花加工方法,分析等面积电极放电的电火花加工过程,重点研究在等面积电极条件下,等面积单电极与分流多电极加工对加工速度、电极损耗、放电间隙的影响。进行了验证性试验,研究结果表明：小孔分流法加工与单电极加工相比,使加工速度略有减小、放电间隙略有变小、电极损耗略有增加,加工效果具有一致性;分流法电火花加工有利于小孔电火花加工的尺寸控制,通过等面积分流法改变加工工艺,用电火花机床稳定加工参数进行小于机床稳定加工临界值的更小尺寸的小孔加工,是一种新的微小孔电火花加工方法。     

一种微小孔电火花加工模糊控制策略研究

针对微小孔电火花加工(EDM)放电环境恶劣、放电间隙状态复杂多变,以及采用传统的PID控制策略难于达到预期效果等问题,提出了一种基于多层压电陶瓷叠加驱动下的控制策略,并对其进行了控制算法研究,设计了一种微小孔电加工微进给模糊PID自适应控制系统,并进行了仿真试验来验证其控制效果。研究结果表明,采用模糊自适应控制策略能加快微进给系统的响应速度,具有稳定性好、精度高等优点,并得到了良好的控制效果,为微小孔电加工机床的实际应用打下了良好的理论基础。     

喷油嘴小孔磨粒流加工特性三维数值分析

磨粒流加工工艺已成为解决复杂型腔零件和微小孔结构零件的超精密加工方法,是一种高效、高质和经济的加工手段。本文利用数值分析软件FLUENT对磨粒流加工喷油嘴小孔结构进行了三维数值分析,获得了稳态压强、速度矢量、湍流动能、湍流强度及湍流粘度图像,为磨粒流加工工艺研究提供了理论依据和技术支持。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.