萨曼杰佩气田集输系统安全控制与应急管理浅析

近几年川西气田须家河组气藏试采力度加大,产出地层水量大幅上升,高矿化度地层水处理难度大,处理外排面临着较大环保隐患。目前对气田水最有效的处理方式是异层回注处理。但对不同气藏的气田水,同时进行回注时,要保证回注成功和回注系统正常运行,必须对水质进行配伍实验。针对中国石化西南油气分公司川西气田须家河气藏地层水与蓬莱镇气藏水的水质特征,进行了水质、储层配伍性实验,从而了解影响回注的因素,并提出注意事项与解决措施。     

用气田产出地层水配制水基压裂液的研究

为了解决川西气田产出的大量地层水,缓解因压裂施工力度加大带来的现场找水用水紧张问题,本试验对应用地层水配制压裂液进行了研究。在分析川西气田地层水水质的基础上,完成了地层水水质对压裂液性能的影响实验、地层水与压裂液添加剂的配伍性实验及用地层水所配制压裂液性能的评价实验。实验结果表明,地层水与压裂液添加剂配伍性较好;配制的地层水压裂液在65℃、170s^-1条件下剪切120min,粘度保持在257mPa·s左右;滤失性能满足水基冻胶压裂液滤失系数指标;携砂性能良好,能彻底破胶,对储层伤害小,满足施工要求。     

地层水压裂液体系研制

为了缓解川西气田地层水大量产出带来的环境保护压力和成本压力,对川西地区地层水的类型、成分以及矿化度深入分析的基础上,分别采用低矿化度地层水和高矿化度地层水配制成功了地层水瓜胶压裂液体系和地层水降阻水体系。地层水瓜胶压裂液体系在45℃下剪切90 min黏度可达100 m Pa·s以上,破胶液表面张力为27.66 m N/m,防膨率为87.5%,伤害率为26.5%;通过优选耐盐降阻剂,配制出一种地层水降阻水体系,其降阻率可达69%~71%。地层水瓜胶压裂液在SF38-2井和SF38-4井成功应用,增产效果明显;地层水降阻水体系在X502井非常规气藏体积压裂施工中得到成功应用。2套地层水压裂液体系性能均与清水压裂液性能相当,具有良好的推广应用前景。     

川西气田地层水与储层配伍性研究

川西须家河组气藏和沙溪庙组气藏地层水产量大、矿化度高,目前最有效的处理方式是异层回注处理。但对不同气藏的地层水同时进行回注时,要保证回注成功和回注系统正常运行,必须对水质进行配伍实验。针对川西地区须家河组气藏与沙溪庙组气藏地层水的水质特征和储层特性,进行水质、储层配伍性实验,从而了解影响回注效果的因素,提出了地层水回注过程中的注意事项与解决措施。     

川西坳陷须二气藏气田水成因、运移及其成藏演化

西南油气分公司在川西建产的新场和大邑须二气藏投产后,气水关系复杂。为此,引用洛瓦克（Novk）相图分析法及气田水氘、氧同位素特征判别气田水产层及其成因类型,分析了气田水的动态运移,研究了川西须二气藏的成藏演化。结果表明：新场须二气藏气田水为须下盆雷口坡组的海相成因地层水,其形成时封闭较好,但因后期受构造运动影响使保存条件变差,下盆雷口坡组海相成因地层水运移至须二气藏,造成现今的气田水为海相成因地层水;大邑须二气藏气田水由须家河组原始沉积水逐渐变为须下盆雷口坡组的海相成因地层水,其形成时封闭性好,还原彻底,属于典型的古沉积水,但因提产致使须下盆雷口坡组的海相成因地层水沿控制大邑构造的断层运移至须二段,须家河组原始沉积水逐渐被须下盆雷口坡组的海相成因地层水替代,与大邑须二气藏现今气田水动态特征相吻合。成藏演化表明：新场、大邑须二气藏经历的成藏阶段不同,受裂缝系统影响不同,形成了不同类型的气藏。新场、大邑须二气藏气田水类型及动态特征不同是成藏演化的结果。     

减阻水压裂液体系添加剂的优选

减阻水压裂液体系在北美地区致密页岩气开采中发挥着重要作用,在中国具有广阔的应用前景.建立了一套可行的室内实验方法,对减阻水压裂液体系中的主要添加剂进行了优选:通过对4种减阻剂的分散性能及减阻性能进行评价,优选出了最佳减阻剂FR-2;通过对3种表面活性剂的降低表面张力性能及对减阻剂的影响进行评价,优选出了最佳表面活性剂INTECHEM-02;通过对3种页岩抑制剂的抑制性能及对减阻剂的影响进行评价,优选出了最佳页岩抑制剂3C.此外,配伍性实验表明,优选出的3种添加剂之间以及添加剂与地层水之间均具有良好配伍性.     

四川盆地须家河组地层水微量元素与氢氧同位素特征

近几年,四川盆地上三叠统须家河组发现了大量天然气,同时也发现其普遍存在高矿化度的地层水。这些地层水不仅具有常量离子发育的特殊性,也具有稳定同位素与微量元素分布的特殊性。利用GV IsoPrime II型稳定同位素质谱仪,对四川盆地二叠系-侏罗系的地层水进行氢氧同位素分析,建立了川中-川西地区二叠系-侏罗系的稳定同位素蒸发分馏趋势线,为该区地层水成因的判别确立了初步标准。受雷口坡组盐膏层的影响,雷口坡组三段-四段及其以上的陆相地层水同位素蒸发分馏演化特征是以δD快速加重为主,而雷口坡组二段及其以下的海相地层水同位素演化特征是以δ¹⁸O 快速加重为主。须家河组地层水是由雷口坡组上部高盐度地层水与须家河组沉积后埋藏压释水混合变质而来;同时,须家河组部分气田水中还存在较多的凝析水,凝析水的存在也指示须家河组有过强烈抬升与水溶气的脱溶成藏事件。     

四川盆地水溶气碳同位素组成特征及地质意义

在四川盆地川中、蜀南、川西北矿区天然气开发井产层三叠系须家河组、雷口坡组、嘉陵江组和二叠系茅口组取气层气钢瓶样品和气田水样品各22个,对比研究气层气与水溶气碳同位素组成的差异及其地质意义。气层气样品组分和碳同位素组成呈正常的有机成因气特征,而气田水脱溶气比气层气碳同位素组成明显偏重,说明气田水对天然气碳同位素组成有明显的分馏作用。在天然气成藏过程中,如果有较多的天然气从地层水中释放出来混入到气层气中,可能使气藏中天然气碳同位素组成偏重。水溶气碳同位素组成特征为天然气的成因及成藏机理研究提供了新的思路,地层水脱溶气的混入可能是塔里木盆地库车坳陷、四川盆地九龙山地区和威远气田、松辽盆地火山岩气藏天然气碳同位素异常的原因。     

川中气田水回注大安寨段储层配伍性研究

为减少气田水对环境的影响,确保气田合理开发,目前对气田水最有效的处理方式是异层回注处理,但对不同气藏的气田水进行回注时,要保证回注成功和回注系统正常运行,必须进行配伍性实验。针对川中地区须家河组、嘉二段和长兴组气田水的水质特征,与回注层大安寨段地层水及岩心进行了配伍性实验,从而了解影响回注的因素,并提出相应的解决措施。在岩心伤害实验的基础上,推荐了气田地层水回注的水质指标。     

气田水三维荧光特征对天然气运聚的指征——以川中—川西地区二叠系—三叠系气田水为例

依据气田水芳烃荧光光谱的三维形态、激发光强度及指纹图谱特征等,研究四川盆地川中—川西地区二叠系—三叠系天然气的运移路径与聚集规律。川中—川西地区二叠系—三叠系气田水具有(凝析)气藏影响特征,存在基峰、双峰与异峰等3大亚类7种三维荧光特征的气田水,以基峰亚类中的稳定型为主。二叠系—中下三叠统地层水与上三叠统须家河组地层水三维荧光特征有较大差异,前者主要受高—过成熟的下古生界海相泥页岩及上二叠统龙潭组煤系所生烃类的影响;而后者主要受其自身烃源岩成熟度差异与有机质类型差异的影响。气田水三维荧光特征研究表明,磨溪构造上二叠统—中下三叠统气藏以垂向运移聚集为主,雷口坡组以下气藏的天然气主要来自龙潭组煤系,而雷口坡组气藏还存在膏盐岩层段生成的天然气;平落坝构造须家河组气藏的天然气主要通过构造中南部的断裂运移而来,平面上储集层非均质性强烈。     

塔里木盆地塔中地区生物礁特征及分布

塔里木盆地塔中地区中、上奥陶统发育多种类型生物礁，主要造礁生物包括海绵、托盘类、层孔虫、珊瑚、隐藻类、苔藓虫、蓝绿藻、绿藻、管孔藻科红藻等，主要礁体类型为灰泥丘和少量的骨架礁、障积礁。分析钻探揭示的生物礁特征，结论是灰泥丘主要形成于棚内及棚缘内带环境，骨架礁与障积礁主要形成于棚内与棚缘环境。通过沉积相分析和地震反射特征研究，预测塔中地区的陆棚边缘相带和塔中北部斜坡的中部地带，有望找到带状或断续带状分布的生物礁带。塔中1号断裂西墙的顺托果勒西区块已发现6个地震异常反射体，从其发育层位、所处环境和内部反射特征来看，极可能是生物礁丘。图2表2参6     

Oil Refining

Current data on refinery products: LPG, mogas, naphtha, aviation fuel and Kerosene, gas/diesel oil, residual fuel oil, other and total products, and total products. Countries covered: Canada, the United States, Japan, Australia, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom. Average production is thousand barrels per day. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data on crude oil refinery runs. Countries covered: Canada, the United States, Japan, Australia, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom. Updated on a monthly basis.     

Oil Refining

Current data on refinery products: LPG, mogas, naphtha, aviation fuel and Kerosene, gas/diesel oil, residual fuel oil, other and total products, and total products. Countries covered: Canada, the United States, Japan, Australia, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom. Average production is thousand barrels per day. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data on crude oil refinery runs. Countries covered: Canada, the United States, Japan, Australia, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom. Updated on a monthly basis.     

Oil Refining

Current data on refinery products: LPG, mogas, naphtha, aviation fuel and Kerosene, gas/diesel oil, residual fuel oil, other and total products, and total products. Countries covered: Canada, the United States, Japan, Australia, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom. Average production is thousand barrels per day. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data on crude oil refinery runs. Countries covered: Canada, the United States, Japan, Australia, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom. Updated on a monthly basis.     

Oil Refining

Current data on refinery products: LPG, mogas, naphtha, aviation fuel and Kerosene, gas/diesel oil, residual fuel oil, other and total products, and total products. Countries covered: Canada, the United States, Japan, Australia, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom. Average production is thousand barrels per day. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data on crude oil refinery runs. Countries covered: Canada, the United States, Japan, Australia, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom. Updated on a monthly basis.     

Oil Refining

Current data on refinery products: LPG, mogas, naphtha, aviation fuel and Kerosene, gas/diesel oil, residual fuel oil, other and total products, and total products. Countries covered: Canada, the United States, Japan, Australia, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom. Average production is thousand barrels per day. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data on crude oil refinery runs. Countries covered: Canada, the United States, Japan, Australia, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom. Updated on a monthly basis.     

Oil Refining

Current data on refinery products: LPG, mogas, naphtha, aviation fuel and Kerosene, gas/diesel oil, residual fuel oil, other and total products, and total products. Countries covered: Canada, the United States, Japan, Australia, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom. Average production is thousand barrels per day. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data on crude oil refinery runs. Countries covered: Canada, the United States, Japan, Australia, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom. Updated on a monthly basis.     

Oil Refining

Current data on refinery products: LPG, mogas, naphtha, aviation fuel and Kerosene, gas/diesel oil, residual fuel oil, other and total products, and total products. Countries covered: Canada, the United States, Japan, Australia, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom. Average production is thousand barrels per day. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data on crude oil refinery runs. Countries covered: Canada, the United States, Japan, Australia, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom. Updated on a monthly basis.     

Oil Refining

Current data on refinery products: LPG, mogas, naphtha, aviation fuel and Kerosene, gas/diesel oil, residual fuel oil, other and total products, and total products. Countries covered: Canada, the United States, Japan, Australia, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom. Average production is thousand barrels per day. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data on crude oil refinery runs. Countries covered: Canada, the United States, Japan, Australia, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom. Updated on a monthly basis.     

Oil Refining

Current data on refinery products: LPG, mogas, naphtha, aviation fuel and Kerosene, gas/diesel oil, residual fuel oil, other and total products, and total products. Countries covered: Canada, the United States, Japan, Australia, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom. Average production is thousand barrels per day. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data on crude oil refinery runs. Countries covered: Canada, the United States, Japan, Australia, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom. Updated on a monthly basis.