磷酸盐对肉制品质构影响的研究

肉制品中添加磷酸盐可以改善肉制品的质构。选择常用的磷酸三钠、六偏磷酸盐、焦磷酸盐为样品,通过混料试验设计对多聚磷酸盐对肉制品质构的影响进行了研究,建立了评价肉制品质构的方法和不同多聚磷酸盐对肉制品质构影响的数学模型。结果表明:不同的磷酸盐单体对肉制品质构的影响差别是比较大的,大小顺序为;焦磷酸盐>磷酸三钠>六偏磷酸盐。     

磷酸盐对肉制品加工的影响

加工火腿,灌肠等肉类制品,最重要的是原料的粘结性。通常肉越新鲜粘结性越好,但由于肉的种类,特别是经过冻结之后的肉类,其粘结性显著下降,加工出的产品弹性差,出品率低,而且风味也欠佳。本文就添加磷酸盐对肉制品的品质影响作一简略探讨。     

磷酸盐对獭兔肉持水性影响的研究

主要研究了六偏磷酸钠,三聚磷酸钠和焦磷酸钠以及由它们组成的混合磷酸盐对加工兔肉持水力的影响。通过单因素试验,分别确定了三聚磷酸钠,焦磷酸钠和六偏磷酸钠的最佳添加量分别为0.1%,0.12%,0.1%。同时采用4因素3水平的正交表做正交实验,得出复合磷酸盐的最佳配比为1.5∶1.7∶1(三聚磷酸钠∶焦磷酸钠∶六偏磷酸钠)。当该复合磷酸盐的添加量为3%时,獭兔肉持水性能最佳。     

磷酸盐对鸡蛋凝胶持水性的影响研究

研究焦磷酸钠(TSP)、三聚磷酸钠(STPP)及六偏磷酸钠对鸡蛋凝胶持水性的影响。结果表明,适量添加磷酸盐可提高鸡蛋凝胶的持水性。焦磷酸钠和六偏磷酸钠对鸡蛋凝胶持水性影响极显著(P0.01),磷酸盐对鸡蛋凝胶的持水性的交互作用影响不显著(P0.05)。质量浓度为80%的蛋液中,持水性提高最明显的磷酸盐配比为焦磷酸钠、三聚磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠以3.25∶1∶3.47(质量比)复配。其总添加量为0.46%时,鸡蛋凝胶的持水率为89.45%,比对照组鸡蛋凝胶的持水率提高了11.81%。     

磷酸盐在肉制品中的作用

磷酸盐是一类用途广泛的食品添加剂,可用于肉、禽、蛋、水产制品以及乳制品、焙烤制品中。用磷酸盐作为肉制品的添加剂,是从本世纪开始的,日本在1957年发布的有关食品卫生法规中开始允许使用磷酸盐作为食品添加剂。大约在50年代,欧美诸国及日本广泛地研究了磷酸盐与肉的品质的关系。实     

肉制品中磷酸盐的沉积

肉制品在进行冷藏保存时，过不了几天，其顼不会形成一层半透明状的磷酸盐（Na2PO4H)结晶，导致这种结晶出现的主要因素有：溶液中所含的磷酸盐的浓度、pH（酸碱度）、阳离子以及溶液的温度等，用现有的生产技术加工制成的熟肉制品和用腌、熏、晒、烤等方法加工制成的生肉制品中的磷酸盐沉淀结晶问题已受到人们的广泛关注，有关人士还对此进行了探讨和研究。     

磷酸盐应用于低盐肉制品中

由于Na~ (钠)在某些敏感性人个体中会产生高血压症,因之公共卫生当局建议减少食饵的氯化钠(食盐)摄入。由于某些腌制肉食相对高分量的钠,于是它们便成为矢的,但腌肉类的氯化钠水平减低,会致肉制品的风味、质地、结水力与保水力,以及货架寿命均有所降低。这促使肉品工业上转而采用各种多磷酸盐(poly phosphates)以代替一部食盐。因为大多数多磷酸盐为碱性的,则含低食盐、多磷酸盐配合的腌制肉的pH会有所增加,在氯化钠用量降低与pH增高配合下有利于微生物的生长。氯化钠水     

肉制品添加剂──混合磷酸盐的研制

利用国产磷酸盐研制肉制品添加剂混合磷酸盐，其较理想的配方是０１％六偏磷酸钠＋０２％焦磷酸钠＋０２％三聚磷酸钠，可使产品出品率达到１１５％。     

磷酸盐在肉制品中应用研究现状及发展趋势

主要论述了磷酸盐的分类,性质,在肉制品中的作用以及在肉制品生产中的注意事项和以后发展趋势,以便为肉制品加工起到指导作用。     

磷酸盐在肉制品中应用研究现状及发展趋势

本文主要论述了磷酸盐的分类,性质,在肉制品中的作用以及在肉制品生产中的注意事项和以后发展趋势,以便为肉制品加工起到指导作用。     

肉及肉制品中磷酸盐含量分析

目的探究生鲜肉中磷酸盐本底含量。方法以不同品种肉及肉制品为研究对象,采用国家标准食品中磷酸盐的测定斱法对其迚行磷酸盐含量测定,比较分析肉及肉制品不同品种间磷酸盐含量差别。结果肉制品中磷酸盐含量在0.46～10.32g/kg,超限量比率为26.67%,生鲜肉中磷酸盐含量在1.37～6.65g/kg,参考GB 2760-2014肉制品中磷酸盐限量5.0 g/kg计算,超限量比率为34.00%。结论生鲜肉中磷酸盐本身含量较高,对熟肉制品的磷酸盐含量会存在一定影响,继而导致熟肉制品的超限量比率较高。     

磷酸盐在肉类加工中的应用

对磷酸盐在肉类加工中的作用及其使用中应注意的问题进行了简要综述。     

The effects of salt concentration and pH upon water-binding, water-holding and protein extractability of turkey meat

The effects of salt concentration and pH upon protein extractability and water-binding by homogenates of turkey breast, thigh and drumstick meat, and also the effect of salt concentration and centrifugal force upon water-binding of raw meat and water-holding of cooked meat from breast and thigh were studied. Concentrations of sodium chloride above 0.3 M caused swelling of meat homogenates. With the pH value adjusted to 6.0 and with sodium chloride concentrations greater than 0.6 M, breast meat was able to swell more than leg meat. Water-binding increased with increasing pH value. Breast meat homogenates had more extractable protein than leg meat homogenates and protein extraction was increased by increasing both salt concentration and pH. Cooked breast meat retained more water than leg meat with or without salt. At low concentrations of salt, cooked breast meat retained more water than raw meats, but this was reversed at higher salt concentrations.     

Total antioxidant capacity of meat and meat products consumed in a reference ‘Spanish standard diet’

The antioxidant capacity (AC) of meat, meat products and the comparison with fish, vegetable products, milk and a balanced and healthy diet was determined using the ORACFL assay. The hydrophilic ORACFL (H‐ORACFL) of hake and sardine was 596 ± 133 and 641 ± 128 μmol Trolox Equivalents (TE) per 100 g, respectively. The highest H‐ORACFL value was found in cured meat samples, where Iberian cured ham (4890 ± 443 μmol TE per 100 g), whereas the lowest level of 797 ± 68 μmol TE per 100 g was found in Frankfurt sausages. Products like mortadela with olives, sobrasada and salami showed intermediate values ranging between 1107 ± 123 μmol TE per 100 g and 1011 ± 63 μmol TE per 100 g. Iberian cured ham presents the higher AC of all meat products studied, and this value being higher than that provided by red wine (3135 ± 312 μmol TE per 100 g). The AC of orange juice was lower than meat products, with the exception of Frankfurt sausages. Finally, the estimated total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the reference standard diet was 29 006 μmol TE per intake whole diet per day, and meat representing 10.51% per intake per day of the TAC of the whole diet.     

水分对生鲜肉品品质的影响

水分作为肉品原料中含量最多的化学组分,直接影响着肉品品质及贮藏特性。本文介绍了水分在生鲜肉中结合状态、水分在肉品贮藏过程中的流失过程以及水分活度对肉品贮藏的影响,并对肉品中水分的检测方法进行了综述。为快速检测肉品中水分、有效减少肉品贮藏过程中的水分散失、开发合理的生鲜肉品保鲜技术提供理论参考。      

Effect of laccase and transglutaminase on the textural and water-binding properties of cooked chicken breast meat gels

The effects of laccase and transglutaminase (TG) on the firmness and weight loss of cooked chicken meat homogenate gels were investigated at laboratory scale. The salt, trisodium pyrophosphate and meat contents were also used as variables. Laccase decreased firmness and increased weight loss of phosphate-free, low-meat (65%) and low-salt (1%) gels, although it modified myosin and troponin T and reacted with isolated myofibrils. By applying both low-salt (1%) and low-phosphate (0.17%) amounts, gel firmness decreased and weight loss increased (p<0.05) greatly. A high dosage of TG significantly improved (p<0.05) the strength of phosphate-free, low-meat and low-salt homogenate gels compared to the corresponding no-enzyme controls. TG improved gel firmness of the low-meat homogenate to the level of the homogenate containing 75% meat. Weight loss was increased significantly (p<0.05) in all cases when the high-TG dosage was used. Enzymes were not capable of improving either texture or water-holding capacity in the low-salt–low-phosphate system. The firmness and cooking loss of the chicken meat products containing different amounts of meat, salt and TG were investigated at pilot scale. Under the conditions and dosages used, TG was capable of improving (p<0.05) firmness of the products without a significant reduction in water-holding capacity.     

影响冷鲜猪肉保水性因素的研究

肉的保水性是一项重要的肉质指标,保水性的高低与肉品质量和商品价值密切相关。主要分析了遗传、饲养、管理、运输应激、屠宰、宰后等方面因素,分别阐述了冷却肉在流通过程中汁液流失的影响,对研究提高肌肉保水性和降低滴水损失的技术具有极其重要的意义。     

添加含磷与非磷保水剂对牦牛肉肉糜保水性的影响

为了将不同水平的无磷保水剂海藻酸钠、柠檬酸三钠和乳酸钠分别加入牦牛肉肉糜中,研究其对牦牛肉肉糜持水力、蒸煮损失、离心损失和冻后失重率的影响,并与复合磷酸盐的保水效果做对比分析。结果表明:三种无磷保水剂都可以替代复合磷酸盐。柠檬酸三钠可以明显提高肉糜的持水力,当添加量为1.20%时,蒸煮损失和离心损失率最小;当海藻酸钠的添加量为0.20%时,离心损失和冻后失重率最小;当乳酸钠的添加量为0.20%时,持水力可提高约4%,蒸煮损失、离心损失和冻后失重率可降低约3%;复合磷酸盐的添加量为0.30%时,可产生良好的持水效果且肉糜的蒸煮损失也最小。      

提高肉制品保水性方法的研究进展

肉制品的保水性是衡量肉制品品质和经济价值的重要指标之一,如何提高肉制品的保水性具有重要意义。本文对影响肉制品保水性的因素和提高肉制品保水性的方法进行了综述,希望为肉制品的生产加工提供参考。