用于中性束注入器的4.2 K液氦低温冷凝泵的设计

在中性束注入器的研制中 ,大抽速低温泵的设计是其中非常重要的一部分。本文结合中性束注入器对真空系统的要求 ,介绍了中性束注入器真空系统的构成 ,并以布置于中性化室部位的低温泵为例 ,详细阐述了用于中性束注入系统的低温泵的结构设计以及抽速确定、冷凝面积确定等关键问题 ,成功设计了一套完全满足中性束注入系统对动态真空度要求的低温泵。     

用于中性束注入器的4．2K液氦低温冷凝泵的设计

在中性束注入器的研制中，大抽速低温泵的设计是其中非常重要的一部分。本文结合中性束注入器对真空系统的要求，介绍了中性束注入器真空系统的构成，并以布置于中性化室部位的低温泵为例，详细阐述了用于中性束注入系统的低温泵的结构设计以及抽速确定、冷凝面积确定等关键问题，成功设计了一套完全满足中性束注入系统对动态真空度要求的低温泵。     

HL-2A装置中性束注入器高抽速钛泵及其实验运行分析

针对中性束注入等离子体加热过程中的高真空条件要求,借助于国际合作方式,我们为HL-2A 装置中性束注入器设计了一种大吸附面积的高抽速钛泵系统.钛泵系统抽速设计值为30万L/s,由两台大泵和一台小泵组成,两台大钛泵分别置于注入器主真空室左右两侧,小钛泵置于注入器副真空室右侧.运行实验结果表明,钛泵完全满足HL-2A中性束注入实验的要求.本文主要介绍了钛泵的工程设计和实验运行结果,简要分析了HL-2A装置中性束加热系统高抽速钛泵的运行特点.     

EAST中性束注入器束中性化区气流模拟分析

中性束注入(Neutral Beam Injection)加热是磁约束核聚变装置上主要的辅助加热手段。强流离子束中性化是中性束注入的关键步骤,它直接决定了中性束的注入功率,进而影响对等离子体的加热效果。本文分析了EAST中性束注入器束中性化区的气流特性,发展了基于直接模拟蒙特卡洛(DSMC)方法的气流模拟程序,并用于EAST中性束注入器束中性化区的模拟分析和优化设计。     

中性束注入器真空系统设计

中性束注入器（NBI）真空系统的性能对束传输效率以及整个束线内相关部件的使用寿命与使用安全影响极大。本文结合中性束注入器对真空系统的要求，对真空室的结构选择及气源分布进行了分析并对各气源的气量大小进行了计算。为NBI设计了一套以4．2K液氦低温冷凝泵为真空主抽泵并配以涡轮分子泵机组的抽气系统，采用此真空系统的NBI系统具有良好的真空性能。     

DNB束功率测量系统设计

设计了测量诊断中性束(DNB)束功率及束密度剖面的束功率测量方案,采用热电偶测量束线轰击功率测量靶板后靶面的温升信号,经热电偶信号调理器调制放大后,由数据采集卡采集到现场计算机中进行数据处理,以及功率大小和功率密度剖面分布的计算,计算值通过光纤链路传输到控制室终端计算机加以复现.实验证明,DNB束功率测量系统工作稳定可靠,实现了对束线轰击靶板后靶面温升的实时测量,和对束线功率大小及功率密度剖面的良好复现.     

中性束注入器低温冷凝泵抽气性能测试平台的研制

中性束注入器用液氦低温冷凝泵抽气性能的主要影响因素是低温冷凝抽气面温度,单位时间进气量和被冷凝的气体总量.本文采用流量计法抽速测试装置;同时依据液氦温度与其饱和蒸汽压之间的变化规律,系统中采用了氦气出气压力控制单元,通过调节液氦杜瓦内压力改变液氦的温度从而实现控制液氦低温冷凝面温度;且采用压电晶体阀对单位时间进气量以及被冷凝气体总量进行精确控制;使用ZJ-12型B-A规测量测试装置内真空度.设计了仿真中性束注入器用的低温冷凝泵的测试泵,对其进行ANSYS热力学分析,从而计算出该泵的低温冷凝面积.加工组装了测试平台,并在中性束注入器的工作条件下进行实验,得到测试泵的对氢抽速为940 L/s,表明该系统能够满足测试要求,为中性束注入器低温冷凝泵设计提供实验和理论依据.     

低温温度计标定系统的研究

研制了一套适用的低温温度计标定系统,并用比较分度方法对铑铁温度计进行标定,其标定精度满足了中性束注入系统的技术诊断要求.     

EAST-NBI用差分式低温冷凝泵的设计

为了维持EAST-NBI内的真空环境以满足中性束生成与传输过程对真空压力分布的要求,设计了EAST-NBI用差分式低温冷凝泵.本文概述了中性束注入加热的原理以及EAST-NBI真空系统的组成,详细阐述了EAST-NBI用差分式低温冷凝泵的结构设计,抽速和冷凝面积的确定,液氦系统和液氮系统热负荷的计算等关键问题.该差分式低温冷凝泵通过在EAST-NBI综合测试台上进行大量实验验证,完全满足EAST-NBI对真空系统的要求.     

HT-7中性束注入装置真空监控系统的设计

超导托卡马克装置HT-7中性束注入系统运行期间,实验环境中存在强磁场而要求封闭,因而对系统运行状况只能进行远距离监控,真空实时远程监控系统是整个监控系统的重要组成部分.本文介绍了真空实时远程监控系统的设计要求,讨论了该系统的硬件设计、软件设计及其工作原理,给出了部分实验结果.     

HL-2A中性束注入器送气实验

为满足HL-2A中性束加热的需求,我们为HL-2A的NBI注入器研制了脉冲送气回路及其控制系统,系统的核心流量控制部件为PEV-1压电晶体阀,主要是根据气压测量结果调整压电阀电源输出脉冲电压波形来控制压电阀的流导.为克服了压电阀性能参数离散,对不同离子源的送气回路进行了单独标定.送气实验结果表明,离子源放电室气压控制精度达到了0.05Pa,通过调整不同压电阀电源输出波形,减小了束线4个离子源送气回路之间相互影响,得到了平稳的离子源工作气压.     

Thermal modulation voltammetry with laser heating at an aqueous|nitrobenzene solution microinterface: determination of the standard entropy changes of transfer for tetraalkylammonium ions

Thermal modulation voltammetry (TMV) with laser heating was successfully performed at an aqueous|nitrobenzene (NB) solution microinterface, by taking advantage of the fact that laser light with a wavelength of 325.0 nm is optically transparent to the aqueous solution but opaque to the NB solution. When the laser beam impinges upon the interface from the aqueous solution side, a temperature is raised around the interface through the thermal diffusion subsequent to the light-to-heat conversion following the optical absorption by the NB solution near the interface. Based on such a principle, we achieved a fluctuating temperature perturbation around the interface for TMV by periodically irradiating the interface with the laser beam. On the other hand, the fluctuating temperature perturbation has influence on currents for transfer of an ion across the interface to produce fluctuating currents synchronized with the perturbation through temperature coefficients of several variables concerning the transfer, such as the standard transfer potential and the diffusion coefficient of the ion. Consequently, TMV has the possibility of providing information about the standard entropy change of transfer corresponding to a temperature coefficient of the standard transfer potential and a temperature coefficient of the diffusion coefficient. In this work, the aqueous|NB solution interface of 30 microm in diameter was irradiated with the laser beam at 10 Hz, and the currents synchronized with the periodical irradiation were recorded as a function of the potential difference across the interface in order to construct a TM voltammogram. TM voltammograms were measured for transfer of tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, tetrapropylammonium, and tetra-n-butylammonium ions from the aqueous solution to the NB solution, and the standard entropy change of transfer was determined for each ion, according to an analytical procedure based on a mathematical expression of the TM voltammogram. Comparison of the values obtained in this work with the literature values has proved that TMV with laser heating is available for the determination of the standard entropy change of transfer for an ion.     

A calorimeter for μW level optical power transfer standard

A calorimeter which can measure microwatt-level optical power has been developed for an optical power transfer standard. It can measure the optical power of a light beam and can be used with optical fiber simply by attaching an adapter. This calorimeter sensor uses a compensative absorber to reduce the influence of pressure fluctuation and temperature variation in the measurement room and an ultra-low-noise preamplifier. With this calorimeter, the standard deviation of the measured value is in the range of 0.02-0.4% in 20-mW to 10-μW optical power measurements. An error evaluation for an optical power level of 10 μW yielded a two-sigma (two standard deviation) total uncertainty of 0.9%     

Calorimetric measurement of the power of high-intensity electron beams

A quasi-adiabatic calorimeter is described by which the principal electron beam parameters, viz. electron energy, beam current and (separately) beam power, were determined. The nominal beam power at which these measurements were made was 3 kW (2 mA and 1500 kV). The electron energy was also determined from their range in polyethylene by using the same calorimeter as detector. Considerably lower values than nominal were found both for current (1.56 mA instead of 2. mA) and for energy (1260 keV instead of 1500 keV), which brought down the beam power by one third. The reliability and confidence of results was cross-checked and a good mutual agreement was found.     

NBI离子源源头电源控制系统研究与设计

中性束注入(NBI)加热被国际聚变界公认为最有效的加热手段,其离子源源头电源控制系统的研制是中性束注入器的关键技术之一。通过研究高电压、高磁场环境对控制系统的影响,综合系统灵活性、易维护性、稳定性等诸方面因素设计了离子源源头电源控制系统,并开发了上位机监控程序、PLC程序和相关的硬件接口电路以及现场模糊控制系统。离子源源头电源控制系统为用户提供了良好的人机操作界面,经在测试平台的离子源起弧实验证明,有效地提高了NBI离子源放电实验的效率,为今后的NBI束线装置工程设计和研制奠定了基础。     

准分子激光前端光束形态控制技术研究

在高功率准分子激光系统中,前端光束形态直接决定着系统输出的光束形态,并直接与靶物理需求密切相关.主要介绍了窄脉冲准分子激光前端光束形态控制的实验研究进展,基于散射法获得了满足系统要求的部分相干源,直接利用三束激光脉冲堆积获得了平顶整形脉冲,并结合放大实验结果对上述实现方法进行了评价分析.     

基于Monte-Carlo方法模拟分析NBI真空压力分布的研究

中性束注入装置是产生高能中性粒子以加热托卡马克等离子体的装置。NBI真空压力分布是影响中性束传输效率特别是再电离损失的关键因素之一。研究分析了超导托卡马克实验装置中NBI的工作原理和结构特点,建立了EAST NBI的几何与物理模型,利用Monte-Carlo方法建立NBI主真空室内分子运动及碰撞的数学模型,并运用Matlab软件编程实现对NBI主真空室内真空压力分布的模拟计算,得到主真空室内三段区域在进气过程中的气体分子三维分布图和平均压力变化曲线。研究可为EAST NBI主真空室内的中性化室、偏转系统、低温抽气系统的结构设计提供指导。