一个老鼠夹

<正>A rat looked through a crack~1 in the wall and saw the farmer and his wife opening a package.What food might it contain?He was shocked to discover that it was a rat trap.Returning to the farmyard,the rat warned,"There is a rat trap in the house,a rat trap in the house!"一只老鼠透过墙缝看到农夫和他的妻子打开了一个包裹。里面会是什么食物呢?老鼠心     

FRAC Centre Collection

The FRAC Centre at Orleans, under the dual aegis of the Centre RegionalCouncil and the French Ministry of Culture and Communications, in theform of its regional bureau (Direction Regionale des Affaires Culturellesdu Centre) has been building up a contemporary architectural collection,focusing on its experimental dimension, for the past eight years. Thiscollection, which was started and has been developed by philosopher andarchitectural critic Frederic Migayrou, has shifted towards utopia andresearch, both being open to the aesthetic concerns common to otherartistic and philosophical disciplines alike. It is not the purpose of theFRAC Centre collection to accumulate "objects" of architecture, which areakin to "reified" instances of research. Rather, it is organized around the"project" concept, whereby it is possible to retrace all the phases involvedin architectural formulations, executed and otherwise. The "process"concept thus lies at the core of this collection.     

乌镇

<正>Wuzhen is an ancient water town on the Lower Yangtze River Delta1.All of it seem to claim the title"Venice of China"or the"Venice of the East".Why is this comparison used?These old towns were built over systems of canals2that were used in ancient times instead of roads.The canals connected up with major rivers in the area and then on to the Yangtze and the Grand Canal that extended to Beijing.The area’s major commodities3such as silk textiles4were sold and traded along these routes.乌镇是长江下游三角洲的一个水乡古镇。这一切似乎都印证着"中国的威尼斯"或"东方威尼斯"的美誉。为什么要用这样的类比呢?这些古老的城镇建在古代使用的运河水道系统     

The Trend of Housing Marginalization of Low and Lower-Middle Social Groups in Large Cities and Its Planning Countermeasures:Taking Chengdu as an Example

As low and lower-middle social groups account for a great proportion of the total population in China and their status in society is special,it is of great social and practical significance to study their housing conditions and characteristics.Based on research at home and abroad,this paper defines the basic characteristics of low and lower-middle social groups in China,and elaborates the definition and connotation of housing marginalization,thereby proposing that these residents in the Chinese city are facing a problem of housing marginalization.According to data from the fifth and sixth population census and statistical yearbooks of Chengdu,it reveals changes in housing location,housing tenure structure,and housing quality of the study group between 2000 to 2010 by means of spatial and statistical analysis,which indicates that the low and lower-middle social groups are facing the three trends of "living in outskirts," "predicament in tenure selectivity of housing," and "impoverishment of housing quality." In response to these trends,three planning suggestions are proposed:① to establish "housing policy areas" suitable for the group of residents to reside and work;② to innovate policy measures to support the low and lower-middle social groups to rent and purchase houses within these areas;③ to guide the residents to integrate into the community life circle in these areas so as to avoid poverty concentration.     

An Institutional Analysis on China’s “Urban Disease”

This paper aims to clarify the institutional causes of China’s"urban disease"and propose solutions to counter it.The institutional causes summarized in the paper include the fiscal and taxation system,land system,planning system,the central-local relations,and so forth.By influencing the behavior of municipal governments,these factors not only produce excessive incentives for cities to pursue urban development,but also result in"urban disease"in Chinese cities.Based on such an analysis,this paper puts forward some thoughts and suggestions on gradual reforms in the future to help mitigate China’s"urban disease."     

可持续的城市化——实现可持续发展

Sustainable urbanization is a dynamic, multi-dimensional process. It embraces relationships between all human settlements, from small towns to metropolises, as well as between urban centres and their surrounding rural areas. Most crucially, it includes not only environmental but also social, economic and political-institutional sustainability. To move towards sustainable urbanization, it will be necessary to learn from recent experience and to develop and operationalise new ideas and approaches to address a wide range of concerns. The World Summit on Sustainable Development provide a timely opportunity to look more closely at the challenges and opportunities posed by urbanization-an opportunity to broaden the ways in which we think about sustainable development and the means by which the global community seeks to achieve it.     

Planning Policies Towards Shanghai''''s Rapid Urban Development

The central core of Shanghai is expanding rapidly. The industrial area in the outskirtsmapped out in the overall planning of 1959 has become part of the two wings of the cen-tral city in the overall planning of 1984. The satellite town of Minhang, together with Wuj-ing, Baoshan and the towns in the neighborhood, tends to be joined together with thecentral city. More than one thousand multi-storey residential buildings have been put upin the central city,60 percent of which are erected in the old distrlcts. This, again, turnsthe old districts into overpopulated areas. In order to control the population density ofthese old areas and to develop Pudong(on the east of Huangpu River). Shanghai will beexpanded to the eastern side of Huangpu River. The central city, thus, will become a beltof dense population with Huangpu River as its axis: and it will outgrow, in size and inpopulation, its limits set by the overall planning. In the next century, how will the structure of city planning change? How to readjustthe planning of regional functions. urban traffic systems and infrastructural facility sys-tems? How to control unsystematic development in the city and in the outskirts? How toremove some of the residents from the central city to Pudong? How to change HuangpuRiver into a city axis? The following article will hold a discussion on the above problems.     

Validation of a Value Management Approach Developed for the Saudi Public Sector

A VM （value management） approach was developed that better suits the culture and the context of the SPS （Saudi Public Sector）. This approach provided a comprehensive assessment of VM at institutional, organizational and project levels. This paper illustrates the procedures that were used to validate the developed VM approach. For the institutional and organizational levels, the VM approach was validated by conducting telephone interviews with three experts from three organizations that use VM and with two senior managers from the MOF （Ministry of Finance）. Mainly, it was found that the MOF should be supported by experts to set up a centre of excellence that can set VM policy, guidelines and standards for the promotion of VM in the SPS, in order to ensure achieving value for money spent in SPS projects. The developed VM approach, as it would be applied at the project level, was presented to 11 experts, all of whom completed a validation questionnaire and presented their comments. Subsequently, the questionnaires were analyzed and the VM approach was amended to reflect the inputs provided by these experts. It was concluded that VM should be applied at least twice on SPS projects. Firstly, it is to review and structure strategic and project briefs to sort out soft issues, and secondly, it is to optimize project designs and sort out hard issues.     

The Search for Authenticity in the Work of Cesar Pelli

The Argentinean-born Cesar Pelli is one of the most important and influential architects practicing in the world today. Since 1965, the date of the earliest project in this publication,he has amassed an impressive list of buildings to his credit, and his architectural production has spanned the difficult cultural transition of our times from modernism to postmodernism. A crucial concern of architecture in both periods, and one often expressed by Pelli himself when discussing his work, is "authenticity." This involves the relationship between a building's image and its reality; or put another way, between what it appears to be, and what it actually is in terms of its physical construction and purpose. In our     

Use of ANSYS for Thermal Analysis in Mass Concrete

With the increasing development of Brazil in recent years, major engineering construction works have been designed and built, partieutarly those involving large volumes of mass concrete, such as in the case of dams. Mass concrete, due to its large size and volume, presents a considerable temperature rise caused by cement grain hydration. This temperature rise can be sufficient to cause concrete crack and/or cracking, which may lead to serious problems. In this paper, we sought to study heat generation and temperature field in mass concrete through ANSYS software, which uses finite element method to analyze the problem. This program allows temperatures to be checked for different concrete ages. With that, it is possible to evaluate the temperatures obtained and the factors influencing the results in a short period of time at a low cost. With the help of the software, it is possible to check the temperatures for different concrete properties by analyzing them on different concreting days. Therefore, it was possible to establish that the properties of the concrete directly influence the temperature evolution phenomenon.