生漆文化的使者——《中国生漆》

《中国生漆》作为生漆文明传播的使者,肩负着弘扬传统文化、振兴传统工艺、打造文化产业的历史使命,在20世纪80年代伴随着科技春天应运而生;20世纪90年代,处在经济与思想双重转型期,在举步维艰中仍坚守阵地并为生漆鼓与呼;21世纪在文化振兴的浪潮中,业界影响日益扩大。《中国生漆》经历了生漆行业的高潮与低谷,经受了历史文化和传统精神的洗礼,凝聚了生漆人的心血和情感,见证了中国生漆的发展历程。     

中国生漆方兴未艾

<正> 我国935个山区县(市)的2.7亿人们借改革东风于1989年开始运用生态系统和生态经济学观点重视中国生漆发展,据国家统计局农村社会经济的统计资料,生漆产量:1990年5,366担;1991年5,908担;1992年6,322但,产值(按1990年不变价格)分别为5,741.6万元。6,321.6万元和6.764.5万元。可见,办好高效漆材的绿色“工业经济”有着文阔的前途和社会价值。植树季节将临,希望能利漆树的地区领     

中国生漆总目录

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中国的生漆市场

本文在调查研究的基础上,回顾了中国生漆的应用历史,讨论了当前生漆生产、科研、经营、管理、加工、利用和存在的问题,以及应当吸取的一些经验教训,提出了中国生漆市场的吞量和预测,围绕市场问题,对生漆科研、加工和综合利用提出了若干建议。使读者对中国的生漆市场有一个轮廓的了解。     

中国生漆成分研究——3.生漆中水溶性成分的分析

<正> 水分是生漆中的必要成分。根据一些研究者的看法,水分及其中所含的树胶质是漆液成膜的必不可少的条件。我们对漆液水分中所含的化学成分进行了初步分析。实验水溶成分的分离过程如下:     

首届“中国生漆与漆工艺人才培养高级研修班”剪辑

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中国生漆市场动态探析

本文探讨了自建国以来我国生漆市场在经济体制、产销量、出口、价格、质量等方面的变化。     

天然树脂及其涂料

0101050天然树脂性能的目标控制[刊,德]lKrogulecki,Ada,n等llFarbe Laek一200(),106(l)一93,96一97,99 松香是涂料用的一种十分重要的天然树脂,但由于松香的一些不良性能如抗氧化性差、易黄变、结晶倾向性高、溶解度小等而一般只能以其化学改性的形式加以利用、因此烷氧基化改性变得十分重要。到目前为止还未被工业化应用的新途径是利用由松香酸与环氧乙烷形成的加成产物中存在的活性轻基。除醚基之外,这些轻基也会影响松香树脂的疏水一亲水平衡性。天然树脂及其涂料~~     

中国生漆典史录

<正> 一、生漆是世界上最早使用的漆生漆是我国的天然特产,劳动人民利用生漆约有近万年的历史。 1978年在淅江余姚县河姆渡村,发现了距今约七千年的出土红漆碗。历史上还有“舜作食器黑漆之,禹作祭器,黑漆其外,朱涂其内,从此有其贡”的历史记载,距今已有四千多年。(舜理天下是公元前2257年)。 1973年河北省藁城县台西村出土商代(公元前16～11世纪)漆器彩饰残片,尚能辨认的形状来看,有盘、有盆、朱地黑纹、绘有饕餮纹、夔纹、蕉叶纹、有的还嵌着方、圆、三角等不同形状的绿松石。     

A high toughness elastomer based on natural Eucommia ulmoides gum

Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG) is a kind of bio-based polymer with similar structure to natural rubber (NR). However, it behaves as hard plastic at room temperature due to crystallization, which makes it not as widely used as NR. Herein, a new bio-based elastomer (HEUG) was prepared by rhodium-catalyzed hydrogenation of EUG for the first time. ¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy confirmed the structure of HEUG, and wide angle X-ray diffraction, polarizing light microscopy showed that the crystal was gradually destroyed in the hydrogenation process, finding that when the degree of hydrogenation is more than 16.5%, HEUG transformed from plastic to elastomer at room temperature. Besides, the Synchrotron Radiation experiment showed that HEUG with hydrogenation of 85.9% could be self-reinforced by strain-induced crystallization during stretching, which make it has excellent tensile strength and toughness (21.4 MPa and 68.1 MJ m⁻³, respectively). This new bio-based elastomer has the potential to replace NR and has a wide application prospect in rubber industry.     

高含碳天然气脱碳溶剂的研究

针对我国西部某高含碳天然气脱碳装置工艺设计过程中主要工艺参数的优化问题,对某脱碳溶剂进行了吸收温度、压力、胺液浓度、再生温度等参数试验研究.通过对试验结果的分析,选取了较优的工艺设计参数:当原料天然气中CO2体积分数为12.0％时,较优的工艺参数为吸收压力8.6 MPa、贫液温度65℃、溶液质量分数45％～50％、再生...     

高含硫天然气管道泄漏数值模拟

高含硫天然气管道经长期的内外腐蚀,经常发生泄漏事故.为了减少和降低天然气管道泄漏事故对人的危害,对甲烷及硫化氢的扩散规律进行研究日趋重要.利用计算流体力学的方法,采用仿真软件对高含硫天然气架空及埋地管道穿孔泄漏后的甲烷、硫化氢气体的扩散进行了数值模拟.架空管道泄漏初期为体积分数等值线呈对称分布的射流,泄漏至60s后无爆...     

Stabilization of natural gas foams using different surfactants at high pressure and high temperature conditions

Natural gas foam can be used for mobility control and channel blocking during natural gas injection for enhanced oil recovery, in which stable foams need to be used at high reservoir temperature, high pressure and high water salinity conditions in field applications. In this study, the performance of methane (CH₄) foams stabilized by different types of surfactants was tested using a high pressure and high temperature foam meter for surfactant screening and selection, including anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate), non-anionic surfactant (alkyl polyglycoside), zwitterionic surfactant (dodecyl dimethyl betaine) and cationic surfactant (dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride), and the results show that CH₄-SDS foam has much better performance than that of the other three surfactants. The influences of gas types (CH₄, N₂, and CO₂), surfactant concentration, temperature (up to 110°C), pressure (up to 12.0 MPa), and the presence of polymers as foam stabilizer on foam performance was also evaluated using SDS surfactant. The experimental results show that the stability of CH₄ foam is better than that of CO₂ foam, while N₂ foam is the most stable, and CO₂ foam has the largest foam volume, which can be attributed to the strong interactions between CO₂ molecules with H₂O. The foaming ability and foam stability increase with the increase of the SDS concentration up to 1.0 wt% (0.035 mol/L), but a further increase of the surfactant concentration has a negative effect. The high temperature can greatly reduce the stability of CH₄-SDS foam, while the foaming ability and foam stability can be significantly enhanced at high pressure. The addition of a small amount of polyacrylamide as a foam stabilizer can significantly increase the viscosity of the bulk solution and improve the foam stability, and the higher the molecular weight of the polymer, the higher viscosity of the foam liquid film, the better foam performance.     

Crack initiation of natural rubber under high temperature fatigue loading

Vulcanized natural rubber (NR) under quiescent thermal oxidation aging and high temperature fatigue loading with small strain amplitude was investigated by the infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy measurements. IR results demonstrated the thermal oxidation degradation process of vulcanized NR at 85°C. During high temperature fatigue loading, nanoscale cracks and voids that are generated by the combined impact of thermal oxidation and cyclic loading were detected. Further investigation suggests that the nucleation effect of dissolved vapor and gas in the low molecular weight domains of the NR under fatigue loading accounts for the appearance of nanocracks. This work provides some new insight into the crack initiation mechanism of NR during high temperature fatigue loading, which has not been clearly understood. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Influence of defect inhomogeneities in high quality natural diamond detectors

The presence of impurities in natural diamond detectors and their influence on the detection properties have been investigated. A micrometer size X-ray beam generated by a synchrotron light source as well as collimated alpha particles were used to probe the effects induced by non isotropic distributions of defects on diamond detector characteristics. A strong correlation clearly appears between the measured photocurrent maps and the X-ray induced luminescence pictures. Spatially resolved alpha measurements are compared to local infrared and ultraviolet absorption measurements and demonstrate the influence of defects on local and global diamond detection spectra.     

Development of a high efficiency substitute natural gas production process

We have developed a high efficiency process for producing a substitute natural gas using LPG and naphtha as raw materials. In the process, sulfur poisoning of the steam reforming catalyst is protected and the amount of catalyst used can be reduced applying a high performance desulfurization technology developed. This technology enables the removal of trace amounts of sulfur which cannot be removed by a conventional hydro-desulfurization method. In addition, we have developed a high performance steam reforming catalyst which has a resistance to carbon deposition even under low S/C conditions. The catalyst makes it possible to reduce excessive steam for preventing carbon deposition, and to operate with high thermal efficiency.     

大型高含硫天然气净化工程设计浅析

分析了罗家寨气田天然气净化厂工程的装置生产规模、产品方案,工艺流程的范?关键工艺的选择,净化装置设计原则的制定,设备的选型及典型设备结构与材质等.讨论了装置技术经济问题,提出了重点工艺、装置优化设计的新思路,总结了大型高含硫天然气净化装置的设计经验,对高含硫天然气净化工程设计有一定的借鉴作用.     

Studies on blended cements containing a high volume of natural pozzolans

This paper presents the results of an investigation on the characteristics of laboratory-produced blended portland cements containing 55% by weight volcanic tuffs from Turkey. Volcanic tuffs from two different resources were used. Using different grinding times, particle size distribution, setting time, compressive strength, and alkali-silica activity of the blended cements were investigated and compared with reference portland cements ground for the same time period. For the compressive strength test, a superplasticizer was used to obtain mortar mixtures of adequate workability at a constant water-to-cement (w/c) ratio of 0.45. Compared to portland cement, the blended cements containing 55% pozzolan showed somewhat lower strengths up to 91 days when the grinding time was 90 min. However, at 91 days, blended cements and portland cements ground for 120 min showed similar strength. Moreover, blended cements containing 55% natural pozzolans showed excellent ability to reduce the alkali-silica expansion.