加筋土工布在海堤围垦工程基础处理中的应用

分析了加筋土工布在软土地基围垦海堤中的作用、破坏形式，结合工程实际，对加筋土工布加固围垦海堤基础的设计进行较为深入的分析，明确了设计要点，获得一些对工程设计有益的探索。     

拉力型土工布加筋复合锚杆锚固界面应力传递试验分析

土工布复合锚杆是一种可应用于松散地层锚固工程的新型锚锭结构。以某滑坡治理工程为平台,开展了拉力型土工布加筋复合锚杆锚固体与破碎岩土体界面间应力传递规律的实测研究。现场试验结果表明,土工布的加筋鼓胀作用调整了锚固体与破碎岩土体接触界面的应力分布,土工布加筋复合锚杆锚固段近端存在稍长的应力协调缓冲段,随着荷载增大,黏结应力峰值向锚固段深部转移的现象不明显;实测破碎岩土体中拉力型土工布加筋复合锚杆主要抗力区域分布在3.0~13.0 m之间,即有效锚固体长度以不超过15 m为宜,过长的锚固长度对提高锚杆抗拔力意义不大;在松散破碎岩土体中应用土工布加筋复合锚杆技术能起到提高锚固力与节约成本的双重作用。     

用SDW-100型位移传感器测试高强土工布加筋垫层变形

大刚度SDW-100型位移传感器安装在500kN/m高强土工布上进行室内拉伸试验和现场加筋垫层的变形测试,试验成果表明,SDW-100型位移传感器用于高强土工布加筋垫层变形的测试具有适用性。     

加筋砂土挡墙承载力及渐进性变形破坏的有限元分析方法

 为开发一种可以合理模拟加筋砂土挡墙承载力及渐进性变性破坏特征的数值分析方法,利用可考虑应变局部化的非线性弹塑性有限元法对一系列的加筋砂土挡墙模型试验结果进行从小变形到破坏的全过程数值分析。有限元分析中,砂土的本构关系采用基于修正塑性功的硬化–软化弹塑性模型,该模型引入应变局部化参数S用以描述砂土单元峰值以后的局部剪切破坏效果。模型试验结果与有限元计算结果比较表明：建议的非线性弹塑性有限元分析不仅可以较好地模拟分析加筋砂土挡墙基础底面的平均压力与沉降之间的关系,而且也能合理地模拟加筋砂土挡墙基础的剪切破坏的发生与发展状况、筋材的拉力以及挡墙面板的水平土压力分布等,它可以定量化地分析加筋砂土挡墙的渐进性变形破坏特征以及条带加筋材料的加固机制。     

土工布加筋土挡墙的应用研究

土工布加筋是当前新型的一项土工技术,其主要的应用形式便是加筋挡土结构,这种技术在国外已经得到了广泛使用。但目前我国部分工程人员并不清楚土工合成材料的加筋机理,其计算方法也并不成熟,没有形成完善的体系,理论研究明显弱于实际的工程实践,这也限制了土工布合成材料的使用,为此,应迫切需要深入研究加筋土挡墙的应用。本文通过介绍加筋挡土墙的结构及特点,指出了加筋土挡墙应用中存在的几个问题。     

砂土地基中加筋深度效果研究

利用非线性弹塑性有限元对具有不同加筋层数砂土地基的一系列模型试验结果进行了较为全面的计算与分析。有限元解析中所采用的砂土本构模型以修正塑性应变能量为硬软化基本参量,它可以较为精确地模拟砂土的应力路径效果。作为解析对象的模型地基由干燥的日本丰浦砂组成,不同层数的加筋材平铺在条形基础下方。结果表明,利用这种精度较高的有限元解析方法对加筋砂土地基进行解析,可以较好地再现由于加筋层数(加筋深度)变化而带来的对承载力与变形的影响。尽管加筋宽度与基础宽度相同,但是随着加筋层数的增多,加筋砂土地基的承载力明显增大,加筋深度效果明显优于加筋宽板效果。另外,利用以上的有限元分析,也能合理地模拟砂土地基渐进性剪切破坏的现象以及加筋材的诱发引张内力,可以更加合理地认识和理解砂土地基中加筋深度补强机理。     

加筋垫层改善地基变形的机理

从弹性理论出发研究加筋在地基内部产生的界面摩擦力对地基变形的影响，探讨了加筋对改善地基变形的作用机理，并结合福厦高速公路加筋垫层处理软基的实测资料，分析了土工布加筋砂垫层减小路堤中心的总沉降，均化不均匀沉降。减小侧向位移，提高地基稳定一阵的效果。     

土工合成材料用于道路防裂的模式探讨

通过对聚酯长丝土工布和玻纤格栅两种土工合成材料的试验,说明在受力条件下,土工布和沥青混凝土基本是同步变形,可以共同起作用。所以土工布不仅仅是隔离,也起到加筋的作用。再经薄面强基+土工合成材料结构模式的可行性分析和实践,说明在防治反射裂缝作用方面,土工布比玻纤格栅的效果会更好一些。     

土工合成材料在工程中的应用

本文依泉州浦西滞洪区排涝工程为例。对土工布在加筋柔性挡墙上的应用 ,就施工及技术经济指标方面进行阐述     

基于比拟方程法的桩承式加筋体三维分析方法

桩承式加筋体的载荷–变形是复杂的三维力学问题,目前三维理论分析方法尚不完善。鉴于此,以三维情况下方形布桩的加筋体为研究对象,将其视为受上部荷载和桩间土反力共同作用下的空间薄膜,并基于最小势能原理推导了其三维平衡偏微分方程组。鉴于该方程组具有形式复杂及高度非线性的特点,针对荷载均匀分布及无地基反力的情况,应用薄膜分析中的比拟方程法进行求解,据此计算加筋体的变形与拉力,初步建立了一种桩承式加筋体的三维分析方法。最后,通过一个现场试验算例计算和结果对比分析初步验证了三维分析方法的合理性。     

广义Hoek-Brown破坏准则平面应变问题的滑移线场理论

根据弹塑性力学平面应变问题的特点,推导广义Hoek-Brown破坏准则平面应变问题应力分量的双参数表达式。代入静力平衡微分方程,得到双曲型一阶拟线性偏微分方程组。运用行列式方法,在适当的变量代换后,获得应力偏微分方程组的特征方向和特征上的微分关系。特征方向表明塑性区中的共轭斜交剪切滑移面形成两族非正交滑移线,其共轭角随极限应力状态和Hoek-Brown岩体材料物性参数而变化。由于对称初始应力场条件下圆形硐室理想弹塑性围岩塑性区内最大主应力方向为环向,而滑移线切线方向与最大主应力方向的夹角是最小主应力(径向应力)的函数,结合圆形硐室理想弹塑性围岩的应力分布的分析解,获得滑移线的极坐标曲线所满足的微分方程,进而得到其极坐标曲线方程。     

Experimental studies of the geosynthetic anchorage – Effect of geometric parameters and efficiency of anchorages

The soil reinforcement by geosynthetic is widely used in civil engineering structures: embankments on compressible soil, slope on stable foundations, embankments on cavities and retaining structures. The stability of these structures specially depends on the efficiency of the anchors holding the geosynthetic sheets. Simple run-out and wrap around anchorages are two most commonly used approaches. In order to improve the available knowledge of the anchorage system behaviour, experimental studies were carried out. This paper focuses on a three-dimensional physical modelling of the geosynthetics behaviour for two types of anchors (simple run-out and wrap around). The pull-out tests were performed with an anchorage bench under laboratory controlled conditions with three types of geosynthetic (two geotextiles and one geogrid) and in the presence of two types of soil (gravel and sand).The results show that there is an optimum length for the upper part of the geosynthetic for the wrap around anchorage.     

Landfill side slope lining system performance: A comparison of field measurements and numerical modelling analyses

Low permeability engineered landfill barriers often consist of a combination of geosynthetics and mineral layers. Even though numerical modelling software is applied during the landfill design process, a lack of data about mechanical performance of landfill barriers is available to validate and calibrate those models. Instrumentation has been installed on a landfill site to monitor multilayer landfill lining system physical performance. The lining system comprises of a compacted clay layer overlaid by high density polyethylene geomembrane, geotextile and sand. Data recorded on the site includes: geosynthetic displacements (extensometers), strains (fibre optics, Demec strain gauges, extensometers) and stresses imposed on the liner (pressure cells). In addition, temperature readings were collected by a logger installed at the surface of the geomembrane, at the clay surface using pressure cell thermistors and air temperature using a thermometer. This paper presents readings collected throughout a period of three years and compares this measured performance with the corresponding numerical modelling of the lining system for stages during construction. Numerical modelling predictions of lining system behaviour during construction are comparable with the measurements when the geosynthetics are covered soon after placement, however, where the geosynthetics are left exposed to the sun for an extended period of time, in situ behaviour of the geosynthetics cannot be replicated by the numerical analysis. This study highlights the significant influence of the effect of temperature on geosynthetics displacements. A simple thermal analysis of the exposed geosynthetics is used to support the explanation for observed behaviour.     

Analytical and experimental modelling of non-linear aeroelastic effects on prismatic bodies

This paper deals with the aeroelastic instability and non-linear post-critical behaviour of a two degree-of-freedom oscillatory system. The main goal of the study is an introduction of a realistic non-linear theoretical model making possible a detailed non-linear analysis of post-critical states of an aeroelastic system. Two component self-induced vibration of a body is described by a system of two simultaneous non-linear differential equations. The coupling of the resultant motion is due to linear and non-linear aeroelastic effects only, while the elastic forces are taken independent. Differential system is auto-parametric and represents a combination of Rayleigh or Van der Pol with Duffing types of differential equations. The qualitative analysis is based on the uplift coefficients and torsional moments as the functions of the flow velocity and structural response components. The effects of non-linearities are tested on the model where the motion of one degree of freedom is prevented. The analysis is verified experimentally by the new generation technique allowing excessive amplitudes of the oscillation.     

基于指数荷载传递模型的单桩承载力特性分析

在桩基模拟试验的基础上提出一种指数型桩身荷载传递模型,该指数模型所需参数只有两个,且物理意义明确。引入该指数模型,并基于桩端荷载-位移关系为双曲线的假设,推求了桩-土共同作用的微分方程,经过对方程进行求解,得到了单桩桩身荷载与沉降关系的解析解,进而得到桩顶的荷载-位移曲线,可用于确定桩的承载力。工程实测结果与本文解析解结果的对比表明,较为吻合。     

考虑薄膜效应的土工合成材料加筋道路模型

薄膜效应是土工合成材料加筋道路的作用机理之一。在假定薄膜横向挠度很小的情况下,导出了薄膜的平衡微分方程。利用层状弹性体与薄膜竖向位移与应力的连续性将二者耦合,建立了土工合成材料加筋道路的计算模型。并以两层加筋体系为例,导出了在轴对称和非轴对称荷载作用下的一般解。     

Creep behaviour of geosynthetics

Empirical results dealing with rheological properties of some geosynthetics are presented. Creep tests performed on some Polish-made geotextiles are described and discussed within the framework of the standard linear solid (SLS) model. It is shown that the SLS model described by three parameters can serve as a useful low resolution approximation for a range of geosynthetics, for low stress levels which exclude secondary and tertiary creep. The parameters of the SLS model were determined by curve fitting for three types of Polish geotextiles as well as for some other geosynthetics. The problems of creep under increasing load and creep after partial unloading are discussed. Two modified rheological models of geotextiles, which take into account the plastic strains, are proposed.     

土工合成材料加筋的试验研究

以 6种不同种类的国产土工合成材料为加筋材料 ,即针刺无纺土工织物、涤纶纤维经编土工格栅、玻璃纤维土工格栅、单向塑料拉伸土工格栅、双向塑料拉伸土工格栅和土工网 ,进行三轴试验比较各种土工合成材料对砂的加筋效果 ;进行直剪试验和拉拔试验比较各种土工合成材料与填料 (砂和石灰粉煤灰 )的界面作用特性 ,得到一些有益的结论 ,可指导土工合成材料的优选和研究土工合成材料的加筋机理。     

A simplified model for evaluating the hardening behaviour of sensor-enabled geobelts during pullout tests

Geosynthetics reinforced soil structures (GRSSs) have a tendency to be large and high, resulting in high normal pressures on the geosynthetics. As one of the effective tests for investigating the geosynthetics-soil interaction, pullout tests are traditionally conducted under low normal pressures. This paper reports pullout tests on a type of sensor-enabled geobelts (SEGB) with different normal pressures (5 kPa, 100 kPa, 200 kPa and 400 kPa) applied. The self-measurement function of SEGB allows the study of the working process of SEGB in pullout tests. Moreover, a simplified theoretical model is proposed to investigate the hardening behavior of geobelts in pullout tests. Two models are incorporated in the theoretical model: a bilinear model capturing the full stress-strain curve obtained from uniaxial tensile tests and a hyperbolic model simulating the geobelt-sand interaction from direct shear tests. By means of the finite-difference method, the numerical solutions of the theoretical model are obtained. The proposed model is validated by comparing calculated and measured front pullout force-displacement curves of SEGB under different normal pressures. Further, the computation of the strain distribution of SEGB sandwiched in the sand is compared with tested data with different front pullout force levels for the aforementioned normal pressures. The numerical solutions generally agree well with the experimental results for all tested tensile force and strain ranges; therefore, the proposed simplified model is suitable for evaluating large quasi-plastic deformations of geobelts and the associated interaction with surrounding sand.     

砂土液化分析的散粒体模型(英文)

在归纳砂土组构张量研究成果的基础上提出一个与已有弹塑性模型不同的新的增量非线性模型。该模型全面地考虑了平均压应力、归一化剪应力、Ｌｏｄｅ 角和主应力轴变化所引起的可逆和不可逆的变形,成功地模拟了单调荷载下密砂的剪胀软化和松砂的不排水剪切失稳现象,往复荷载下的残余变形和孔隙压力积累以及Ｌｏｄｅ 角和主应力轴变化下的液化现象。