ABS/PVC共混合金的研究

主要论述了在ABS/PVC共混体系中PVC用量、相容剂用量和复合阻燃剂用量对ABS/PVC共混体系性能的影响。研究结果表明,所研制开发的Z11.7号共混合金已达到PA76 6号共混合金的性能     

ABS／PVC共混改性的研究

考察了PVC含量对ABS/PVC共混体系性能的影响。为了进一步提高共混体系的性能，在体系中分别加入CPE、MBS做为第三组分。通过性能比较，发现MBS可有效提高共混体系的综合性能。为了增加共混体系的阻燃性能，加入助阻燃剂Sb2O3，结果表明共混体系的阻燃性能有了很大提高。     

PC/ABS合金的力学性能的研究

利用双螺杆挤出机对PC／ABS进行共混,并探讨了PC的质量分数、三种相容剂以及阻燃剂对PC／ABS合金性能的影响。结果表明,拉伸强度随PC含量增加而升高,弯曲强度与弯曲模量则下降,冲击强度则呈现先降后升的趋势;不同相容剂的加入对PC／ABS合金的力学性能均有不同程度的提高;三种阻燃剂中氮磷复合阻燃合金的效果最好。     

CaCO3改性ABS/PVC/PE-C共混体系的研究

研究了不同种类的CaCO3对ABS/PVC/PE-C共混体系力学性能的影响以及活性CaCO3对ABS/PVC/PE-C共混体系相容性、拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度、硬度、耐热性能和耐水性能的影响。结果表明：ABS/PVC/PE-C共混体系为部分相容体系,加入活性CaCO3后共混体系的相容性略有提高,在ABS/PVC/PE-C（70/30/10）共混体系中加入活性CaCO3后,体系的弯曲强度和冲击z强度先随CaCO3含量的增大而升高,当CaCO3含量达到一定值后,又随其增大而降低,CaCO3含量在10%-15%时可获得最好的综合力学性能。同时活性CaCO3的加入使ABS/PVC/PE-C共混体系的吸水率有所降低,维卡软化温度和硬度则随着CaCO3含量的增加而有所升高。     

超支化聚（酰胺-酯）／ABS／聚氯乙烯共混体系相容性研究

研究了超支化聚(酰胺-酯)(HBP)对ABS/聚氯乙烯(ABS/PVC)共混体系的增容作用。讨论了HBP用量对ABS/PVC(80/20)和相同量HBP对不同比例ABS/PVC力学性能的影响。实验结果表明ABS/PVC共混物中加入HBP,可以有效改善共混体系的相容性;加入2份HBP时,ABS/PVC(80/20)共混物拉伸强度达到最大值,继续增加HBP,共混物拉伸强度快速下降,而共混物冲击强度单调下降;不同比例ABS/PVC中加入2份HBP共混物拉伸强度比未加入HBP共混物拉伸强度增加,但共混物冲击强度减小。扫描电子显微镜研究结果证明了HBP增强了ABS/PVC的界面黏结作用,减小了共混体系的相分离程度。     

弹性体在车用仪表板表皮材料中的应用

利用DSC和SEM等方法研究了弹性体在汽车仪表板表皮材料用PVC/ABS软质合金中的作用。结果表明,在PVC/ABS共混体系中加入弹性体CPE、NBR后,有助于提高共混体系的相容性,从而使得PVC/ABS共混体系的机械强度和加工性能也发生变化。     

环氧树脂对PVC/ABS共混物性能的影响

研究了固体环氧树脂(EP)对聚氯乙烯(PVC)/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)/EP共混物力学性能和热稳定性的影响,重点考察了EP环氧值和固化剂DDM对共混物性能的影响。结果表明:PVC/ABS/EP共混物表现为脆性断裂;加入DDM后,共混物的拉伸强度明显提高,但冲击性能影响不大;对于PVC/ABS/EP/DDM共混物,随着EP含量的增加,共混物的拉伸强度上升,且环氧值高的EP704对共混物拉伸强度的提高更大;加入2%的低环氧值EP903后,共混物的冲击强度达到最大值,而EP704的加入则对共混物的冲击性能影响不大;环氧树脂的加入在一定程度上削弱了PVC/ABS共混物的热稳定性。     

相容剂对PC/ABS共混物性能的影响

本文分别研究了马来酸酐接枝ABS(ABS-g-MAH)与甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丁二烯/苯乙烯共聚物(MBS)作为相容剂对PC/ABS共混体系相容性、力学性能、形态结构的影响.研究结果表明:当相容剂MBS加入PC/ABS共混体系中后,不仅能够显著改善PC/ABS共混物的相容性,明显降低分散相的粒径,而且能够使PC/ABS共混物在保持较高的拉伸强度的同时,大幅度地提高共混物的缺口冲击强度和断裂伸长率;而相容剂ABS-g-MAH的加入对共混体系的缺口冲击强度的改善不明显,但其断裂伸长率增幅较大.     

超细碳酸钙对PVC/ABS共混物的增强作用研究

PVC／ABS共混物是PVC共混加工的主要体系之一。青岛化工学院高分子工程系的研究表明，在PVC／ABS共混体系中加入超细碳酸钙可以改进其韧性和强度。从加工角度来说，含超细碳酸钙的PVC/ABS在共混物具有良好的假塑性；随碳酸钙含量增加共混物熔料的表观粘度提高。从性能改进的角度来讲，加入5份超细碳酸钙就有提高韧性和强度的作用；加入5～IO份时可以全面改进共混物的性能；而加入15份时，韧性提高的效果最佳。超细碳酸钙对PVC/ABS共混物的增强作用研究     

相容剂作用下超高相对分子质量聚乙烯增韧聚丙烯共混体系的研究

选取不同相容剂[马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯、线形低密度聚乙烯、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物（ABS）]增容聚丙烯/超高相对分子质量聚乙烯（PP/PE-UHMW）共混体系,对比不同相容剂作用下PP/PE-UHMW共混体系力学性能的差异,并研究了PP/PE-UHMW/相容剂共混体系的亚微相结构,进一步探讨了微观结构对PP/PE-UHMW共混体系力学性能的影响。结果表明,添加相容剂的三元共混体系的结晶颗粒呈细化趋势;相容剂ABS的增容效果较好,PP/PE-UHMW/ABS共混体系的冲击强度最高可达113.31 J/m,并可保持PP原有的拉伸强度,但其断裂伸长率有较大幅度的降低。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。