激光悬浮区熔Al2O3基共晶自生复合材料微观组织与力学性能

采用激光悬浮区熔定向凝固方法制备了高致密度Al₂O₃/YAG/ZrO₂共晶自生复合陶瓷材料,研究多元复相陶瓷在高温度梯度、不同生长条件下的凝固组织形态演化规律,定量表征凝固速率与氧化物陶瓷共晶间距的关系,在此基础上,考察其力学性能并分析凝固组织与断裂韧性的关系.研究结果表明:激光悬浮区熔Al₂O₃/YAG/ZrO₂三元自生复合材料呈现与热流方向平行、定向性良好的非规则层片共晶形貌,共晶组织随凝固速率的增大而快速细化,凝固速率为200μm/s时,最小层片间距达到0.46μm.平均层片间距λav与凝固速率V之间符合关系:λ_avV^0.5=12.4μm^1.5·s^-0.5,且明显小于同等凝固速率条件下Al₂O₃/YAG二元共晶的平均层片间距.Al₂O₃/YAG/ZrO₂三元共晶平均硬度为（19.0±1.0）GPa,室温断裂韧性为（3.31±0.2）MPa·m^1/2.与二元共晶相比,裂纹捕获、偏转以及共晶相热胀系数失配是三元共晶室温断裂韧性提高的主要原因.     

采用Au基钎料真空钎焊Al2O3陶瓷

首先选用AgCuTi活性钎料在880℃/10 min参数下对A1₂O₃陶瓷表面进行金属化处理,之后尽量去除金属化层中的AgCu共晶组织,然后选用两种Au基高温钎料在980℃/10 min参数下对金属化后的A1₂O₃进行了钎焊连接.结果表明,在Al₂O₃/Au-Ni/Al₂O₃接头中靠近Al₂O₃母材的界面处生成一层薄薄的扩散反应层,该反应层主要由TiO₂和Al₂O₃组成;在Al₂O₃/Au-Cu/Al₂O₃接头中同样存在扩散反应层,与前者不同的是,接头中检测到Ti-Au相的存在.分别对Au-Ni和Au-Cu两种钎料获得的Al₂O₃接头进行了抗剪强度测试,前者对应接头强度为95.5 MPa,后者对应接头强度达到102.3 MPa.     

Al2O3钝化层对a-IGZO薄膜晶体管电性能的增强机制研究

采用空心阴极增强脉冲激光沉积技术(HC-PLD)在室温制备高质量的Al₂O₃薄膜，作为非晶铟镓锌氧(a-IGZO)TFT器件的钝化层，显著增强了Al₂O₃/a-IGZO TFT器件的亚阈值特性，其原因在于空心阴极引入的氧等离子体抑制了Al₂O₃/a-IGZO界面处氧空位的形成。进一步研究发现，针对a-IGZO薄膜的180℃退火处理有利于消除弱结合氧并抑制深能级缺陷，提高载流子迁移率并降低阈值电压漂移；而针对Al₂O₃/a-IGZO TFT器件进行100℃退火处理有助于消除其界面附近的氧空位，降低载流子浓度，改善亚阈值特性。结合2步退火工艺所制备的Al₂O₃/a-IGZO TFT器件迁移率高达22.8 cm²·V^-1·s^-1，亚阈值摆幅为0.6 V·decade^-1，综合电性能优异。     

Al2O3颗粒直径对1 vol%的Al2O3/Cu基复合材料组织和性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法+热压工艺制备了不同Al₂O₃颗粒直径的1 vol%Al₂O₃/Cu基复合材料，使用光学显微镜和扫描电镜(SEM)观察了复合材料的显微组织，利用电子拉伸试验机测试了复合材料的力学性能。基于弹/塑性理论推导出了复合材料中颗粒周边的弹性区宽度的表达式。结果表明：Al₂O₃颗粒直径对Al₂O₃/Cu基复合材料强度及基体晶粒尺寸有着较大的影响；Al₂O₃颗粒直径越大，Al₂O₃/Cu基复合材料的抗拉强度、屈服强度越小；当Al₂O₃颗粒直径为5μm时，Al₂O₃/Cu基复合材料的抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为207和90 MPa,是铜试样的95.8%和95.7%。     

0.5Y2O3/Al2O3-Cu/20Mo3SiC复合材料的热变形行为及热加工图

采用真空快速热压烧结法制备了0.5Y₂O₃/Al₂O₃-Cu/20Mo3SiC复合材料，在650～950℃温度范围和0.001～10 s^-1应变速率条件下，利用Gleeble-1500D数控动态-力学模拟试验机对0.5Y₂O₃/Al₂O₃-Cu/20Mo3SiC复合材料进行热变形试验，根据试验结果绘制了其真应力-真应变曲线。根据动态材料学模型，构建了复合材料的热加工图，确定其适宜的热加工参数。结果表明：0.5Y₂O₃/Al₂O₃-Cu/20Mo3SiC复合材料的真应力-真应变曲线存在典型的动态再结晶特征，其热激活能为211.109 kJ/mol,并构建了本构方程；基于动态材料模型构造的热加工图，确定了复合材料最佳的热加工工艺参数为：变形温度为725～950℃,应变速率为0.006～0.223 s^...     

Y2O3含量对大气等离子喷涂Al2O3-Y2O3复合涂层微观结构和力学性能的影响

目的 探究掺杂不同质量分数Y₂O₃对Al₂O₃-Y₂O₃复合涂层微观结构及其力学性能的影响。方法 采用大气等离子喷涂制备Al₂O₃涂层,以及Y₂O₃质量分数分别为10%、20%、30%、40%的Al₂O₃-Y₂O₃复合涂层。利用SEM、EDS对粉末以及不同涂层的形貌、组织结构、元素分布进行分析。使用XRD表征粉末和涂层的物相。使用显微硬度仪、纳米压痕测试仪和电子万能试验机对涂层的显微硬度、弹性模量以及断裂韧性等力学性能进行测试分析。结果 Al₂O₃喷涂粉末的物相由α-Al₂O₃组成,而喷涂得到的Al₂O₃涂层则由α-Al₂O     

不同Al2O3含量的Al2O3/Cu复合材料的热变形行为

为探究Al₂O₃含量对Al₂O₃/Cu复合材料热变形行为的影响，采用内氧化法制备了3种Al₂O₃含量(0.28、0.66和1.13 mass%)的Al₂O₃/Cu复合材料，通过热模拟实验对其热变形行为进行了研究。结果表明：在823、923和1223 K时，随着Al₂O₃/Cu复合材料中Al₂O₃含量的增加，复合材料的峰值应力逐渐增大；显微组织观察发现，由于1.13 Al₂O₃/Cu复合材料内动态软化积累程度最大，导致其在1023和1123 K下出现了峰值应力下降现象。经热挤压后，在热变形过程中Al₂O₃/Cu复合材料的软化效果以动态回复为主。同时，发现0.28 Al₂O₃/Cu和0.66 Al     

不同基体对连续Al2O3f/Al复合材料纤维损伤的影响

采用真空气压浸渗法制备了增强体为Al₂O₃纤维,基体合金分别为1A99、ZL210A、ZL301及7075铝合金的连续Al₂O_3f/Al复合材料,并用NaOH溶液提取出Al₂O₃纤维,研究了不同基体对Al₂O_3f/Al复合材料纤维损伤的影响。结果表明,在同样的制备工艺下,不同的基体对Al₂O₃纤维的损伤程度不同。Al₂O₃纤维与纯铝及ZL210A基体界面反应程度微弱,纤维表面光滑,未发现界面反应产物,纤维剩余强度分别为1 746 MPa和1 658 MPa; Al₂O₃纤维与ZL301发生界面反应生成了MgAl₂O₄(镁铝尖晶石),纤维表面较为粗糙,剩余强度为1 584 MPa; Al₂O₃纤维与...     

镍基高温合金K417G与氧化物耐火材料的界面反应

研究了1600℃温度下Al₂O₃、CaO、MgO、Y₂O₃稳定ZrO₂、CaO稳定ZrO₂和Y₂O₃共6种材料坩埚与镍基高温合金K417G熔体的界面反应。结果表明：熔体对Al₂O₃坩埚以物理侵蚀为主,但坩埚易剥落导致合金中含有Al₂O₃夹杂物;CaO坩埚与合金界面处生成了液相Ca₃Al₂O₆,促进熔体与CaO之间的润湿性,导致界面处粘连严重;MgO坩埚与熔体中Al反应生成Mg Al₂O₄并进入合金生成夹杂物;Y₂O₃稳定ZrO₂坩埚与合金界面处生成Al₂O₃反应层,但是Al₂O_3...     

Al2O3/TiB2/Al复合材料的微观结构和高温力学性能

以细雾化铝粉和TiB₂颗粒为原料,通过粉末冶金和热轧制制备微米TiB₂和纳米Al₂O₃颗粒增强铝基复合材料。室温时,由于TiB₂和Al₂O₃的综合强化作用,Al₂O₃/TiB₂/Al复合材料的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为258.7 MPa和279.3 MPa,测试温度升至350℃时,TiB₂颗粒的增强效果显著减弱,原位纳米Al₂O₃颗粒与位错的交互作用使得复合材料的屈服强度和抗拉强度达到98.2MPa和122.5 MPa。经350℃退火1000 h后,由于纳米Al₂O₃对晶界的钉扎作用抑制晶粒长大,强度和硬度未发生显著的降低。     

定向凝固共晶生长的元胞自动机数值模拟

本文在已有的二元初生相元胞自动机（CA）方法的基础上,针对二元共晶凝固过程提出了改进的元胞自动机（MCA）模型.该模型考虑成分过冷和曲率过冷对界面形态的影响,通过界面溶质浓度守恒来获得共晶α相和β相生长速率,模拟了层片的湮灭、分叉与稳态生长.为了验证模型的可靠性,对常见的CBr₄-C₂Cl₆共晶透明合金进行了模拟,研究了抽拉速率对共晶层片间距大小的影响,模拟结果与文献中的实验结果吻合良好;同时模拟了共晶层片间距调整过程的形貌演化以及层片振荡不稳定性现象.本文将MCA模型扩展到三维定向凝固过程中,研究了共晶形态的层棒状转变机制.     

Processing, microstructure, and properties of laser remelted Al2O3/Y3Al5O12（YAG） eutectic in situ composite

Laser remelting and rapid solidification were performed in preparing the high-performance Al2O3/Y3Al5O12（YAG） eutectic in situ composite. The microstructure characteristic and solidification behavior were studied using scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, energy dispersive spectroscopy（EDS）, X-ray diffractometry（XRD） and simultaneous thermal analysis（STA）. The hardness and fracture toughness were obtained using an indentation technique. The results show that the laser remelted Al2O3/YAG composite has a homogeneous eutectic microstructure without microcrack and pore. The component phases of Al2O3 and YAG are three-dimensionally and continuously reticular connected, and finely coupled without grain boundaries, colonies and amorphous phases between interfaces. The eutectic interspacing is greatly refined with increasing the scanning rate and average is only l μm. The synthetically thermal analysis indicates that the eutectic temperature of Al2O3-YAG is 1 824 ℃, well matching the phase diagram of Al2O3-Y2O3 system. The maximum hardness reaches 19.5 GPa and the room fracture toughness is 3.6 MPa.m^1/2.     

定向凝固Al-40%Cu合金三维微观组织重构及共晶间距演变

本文利用连续切片技术研究了定向凝固Al-40%Cu过共晶合金中金属间化合物Al₂ Cu初生相的三维微观组织,以及抽拉速率跃迁下,三维共晶组织形态的演变和间距调整.结果表明:抽拉速率为5μm/s时,初生Al₂Cu三维组织沿生长方向存在棱面和棱角,表现出明显的棱面相生长形态;凝固过程中初生Al₂Cu相释放的结晶潜热使得生长界面发生局部重熔,三维组织中出现孔洞,形成拓扑缺陷.在Al-40%Cu合金三维共晶组织中,Al₂Cu相和Al相的体积分数分别为56.8%和43.2%,且Al₂Cu相的生长方向与试样轴向夹角为5.1°.当抽拉速率从2μm/s突然跃迁到500μm/s时,三维共晶组织形态从层片向棒状转变,这种转变不是由合金中两相体积分数变化造成的.三维共晶组织间距调整机制不同于二维组织中的分叉、内凹和界面重新形核,而是通过三维空间非同一平面连续的分叉、分枝进行,在三维下并没有观察到二维下的重新形核共晶间距调整机制.     

微焊点纳米压痕循环力学行为与承受载荷的关联性

通过对Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu/Cu和Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu/Cu微焊点进行循环加载-卸载方式的纳米压痕试验,研究了焊点循环力学行为与承受最大载荷的关联性.结果表明,循环F-h曲线在闭合前表现为1个迟滞回环,随着最大载荷的增加,焊点迟滞回环的面积和残余压痕深度增大;当最大载荷一定时,迟滞回环的面积及残余压痕深度增量随着加载次数的增加逐渐减小;微焊点的压痕蠕变C随最大载荷的增大而不断降低,同时随加载次数的增加先急剧减小而后逐渐趋于平稳.Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu/Cu焊点的压痕蠕变低于Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu/Cu焊点的蠕变量.     

Effects of laser processing parameters on solidification microstructures of ternary Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2 eutectic in situ composite and its thermal property

Rapid surface resolidification with a high powered CO₂-laser was performed in preparing directionally solidified Al₂O₃/YAG/ZrO₂ ternary eutectic ceramic in situ composite. The effects of laser processing parameters on the solidification microstructure characteristics and thermal properties were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and synthetically thermal analysis (STA). Detailed investigations of the influence of laser power and scanning rate on the preparation and microstructural parameters of the ternary eutectic were presented. Moreover, the eutectic phase separation rule at high temperature was discussed. The results indicate that solidification microstructure of the ternary eutectic composite is greatly influenced by the laser processing parameters. The synthetically thermal analysis shows that the eutectic temperature of ternary Al₂O₃/YAG/ZrO₂ composite is 1 738 °C, well matching the phase diagram of Al₂O₃-Y₂O₃-ZrO₂.     

Effects of Withdrawal Rate and Temperature Gradient on the Microstructure Evolution in Directionally Solidified NiAl-36Cr-6Mo Hypereutectic Alloy

The effects of withdrawal rate and temperature gradient on the microstructure and growth interface morphology in directionally solidified Ni-29Al-36Cr-6Mo(at.%) hypereutectic alloy were investigated. Under the temperature gradient of 250 K/cm, well-aligned eutectic microstructure with lamellar morphology was obtained at the withdrawal rate of 6 μm/s. When the withdrawal rate was 10 μm/s, the microstructure changed to Cr(Mo) dendrites + eutectic lamellae. With the increasing withdrawal rate, the interdendritic eutectic growth interface changed from planar to cellular, the number of primary Cr(Mo) dendrites became greater, and the microstructure was refined. When the temperature gradient increased to 600 K/cm, the coupled eutectic growth zone of NiAl-Cr(Mo) alloy was expanded; a well-aligned eutectic microstructure could be obtained at higher rate of 10 μm/s. Furthermore, the planar/cellular transition rate of the interdendritic eutectic growth interface increased. Even at the same withdrawal rate, the number of primary Cr(Mo) dendrites was less and the microstructure was finer under the temperature gradient of 600 K/cm.     

Directional solidification and microstructures of near-eutectic Cr–Cr3Si alloys

Near-eutectic Cr–Cr₃Si alloys were directionally solidified in a high-temperature optical floating zone furnace. At the eutectic composition, uniform and well-aligned lamellar structures were obtained over a fairly wide range of solidification conditions, but not at very low or very high growth rates where degenerate and cellular structures, respectively, were obtained. The lamellar spacing was found to increase with decreasing solidification rate, in agreement with the Jackson–Hunt theory. In addition, for a fixed growth rate, the lamellar spacing was found to increase with increasing rotation rate. The growth directions in the lamellar eutectic are found to be 1 0 0 for the Cr₃Si phase and 1 1 1 for the Cr solid-solution phase. Eutectic microstructures (rod or lamellar) could also be produced at off-eutectic compositions, but only for a limited range of growth conditions.     

Microstructural evolution during containerless rapid solidification of Ni–Mo eutectic alloys

Ni–45%Mo hypoeutectic, Ni–47.7%Mo eutectic and Ni–50%Mo hypereutectic alloys are rapidly solidified during containerless processing in drop tube. The microstructures of Ni–47.7%Mo eutectic alloy are composed of lamellar eutectic plus anomalous eutectic of Ni and NiMo phases. When the droplet size decreases, the volume fraction of anomalous eutectic becomes larger. The structural morphology transforms into Ni dendrite plus lamellar eutectic in very small droplets which are highly undercooled. The microstructures of Ni–45%Mo hypoeutectic alloy are characterized by primary Ni dendrite plus lamellar eutectic, whereas those of Ni–50%Mo hypereutectic alloy consist of NiMo dendrite plus lamellar eutectic. For both off-eutectic alloys, the experimental results show that the microstructure evolution depends mainly on droplet size. In the case of Ni–45%Mo hypoeutectic alloy, with the decrease of droplet size, the primary Ni phase transforms from dendrites to equiaxed grains. As for Ni–50%Mo hypereutectic alloy, when droplets become smaller and smaller the microstructural transition proceeds from primary NiMo dendrite plus lamellar eutectic to anomalous eutectic. The calculated highest undercoolings of the three alloys are 226, 182 and 135 K, respectively. By classical nucleation theory, Ni phase is the primary phase to nucleate for Ni–47.7%Mo eutectic alloy. The TMK eutectic growth and LKT/BCT dendritic growth theories are applied to analyze the rapid solidification process and investigate the microstructural transition mechanisms. The coupled zone of Ni–Mo eutectic alloy has also been calculated on the basis of TMK and LKT/BCT models, which covers a composition range from 45.7% to 57.1% Mo.     

以超重力熔铸新技术快速制备Al2O3/YAG/YSZ三元共晶陶瓷

研究一种大块致密Al2O3/YAG/YSZ三元共晶陶瓷的快速制备新技术,以Al/Fe2O3/Y2O3/ZrO2为反应剂,通过诱发各组元间的燃烧合成反应,首先获得陶瓷(Al2O3/YAG/YSZ)和金属(Fe)的混合熔体;随后利用两种熔体的密度差异,在超重力场中实现陶瓷熔体和金属熔体的彻底分离和凝固.在超重力场作用下,先凝固的陶瓷相局部沉陷到金属熔体中,并受到金属熔体对之施加的接近2 MPa的瞬态等静压力,因此得以实现完全致密化.微观结构分析表明,所获得的三元共晶陶瓷的相组成和晶粒形貌沿超重力方向呈现明显的梯度渐变特征.