SiC改性C/C复合材料的制备及其烧蚀性能

采用超声波震荡法将SiC微粉添加到二维针刺碳毡预制体中,利用热梯度化学气相浸渗工艺沉积热解碳制备了SiC改性碳纤维增强碳基(carbon fiber reinforced catbon,C/C)复合材料.借助x射线衍射与扫描电子显微镜检测和观察材料的微观结构,利用氧-乙炔烧蚀实验测试材料的抗烧蚀性能.结果表明:SiC微...     

Erosion Behavior of C/SiC Composites in Atomic Oxygen

A T300 carbon fiber and a SiC‐coated C/SiC composite made from the same fiber were studied in atomic oxygen environment. The carbon fiber shows significant degradation while the erosion rate of SiC‐coating of C/SiC is about 50 times lower. Evidence shows that Si is preferentially etched from the SiC surface. And XPS information showed that amorphous carbon and diamond‐like carbonare periodically generated on the tested composite surface. Statistical analysis shows that the C/SiC specimens have no significant change in flexural properties after 1‐year fluence AO treatment.     

Mechanical Properties and Fracture Behavior of Chemically Bonded Composites

The effect of chemical bonding between phases of a glass matrix-metal composite on strength and fracture behavior was investigated. When no chemical bonding occurs, strengthening can be achieved through the mechanical formation of an interface between the dispersant and matrix. Even greater strengthening can be obtained by the formation of a chemical bond. Strengthening occurs by the limitation of the Griffith flaw size and is controlled by micromechanical stress concentrations developed on loading. Internal stresses developed on cooling from the fabrication temperature control the path of fracture. A chemical bond counteracts the micromechanical stress concentration and therefore increases the strength.     

Braking Behavior of C/SiC Composites Prepared by Chemical Vapor Infiltration

Carbon fiber-reinforced silicon carbide matrix composites have the potential to overcome the shortcoming of the currently used carbon/carbon friction materials in aircraft brakes. In this article, the carbon/silicon carbide (C/SiC) composites were prepared by chemical vapor infiltration method, and the brake disks with different densities and component content were finally obtained. The friction coefficient and friction stability can be significantly improved by increasing both material density and carbon content. When the density of C/SiC composite is 2.3 g/cm³, the coefficient of friction measured is 0.23, the coefficient of friction stability remains about 0.43, the liner wear rate is less than 9.3 μm/cycle, and the weight wear rate is less than 9.1 μm/cycle. The rapid increase of friction coefficient approaching the end of braking is mainly related to the increasing of surface temperature in a short time and the enhanced adhesion and abrasion of contact conjunctions and asperities. The C/SiC composites exhibited a good stability of braking against fading versus the braking number and surface temperature. The surfaces of C/SiC brake disks were covered with wear debris including the fragment of carbon fibers after the braking tests. The wear on the surfaces is significantly determined by cyclic mechanical and thermal stresses, which result in the micro-cracks in the SiC matrix, the thin flakes of the surface materials as well as the grooves.     

Improved Fracture Behavior of Alumina Microstructural Composites with Highly Textured Compressive Layers

Alumina‐based microstructural composites combining equiaxed and textured layers were fabricated to examine how cracks propagate and the mechanical properties are affected as a function of the residual stress and volume fraction of texture in a multilayer structure. By combining equiaxed and highly textured alumina layers of varying thermal expansion, the embedded textured layers were placed under compressive residual stresses as high as ?670 MPa. Composites with a near constant maximum failure stress of up to 300 MPa were shown to be almost independent of the initial defect size as result of the compressive residual stress in the textured layers. An apparent fracture toughness of up to 10.1 MPa·m^1/2 was obtained for composites with an equiaxed to textured volume ratio of 7.4:1. The high compressive stress in the textured layers arrested cracks, whereas the weak bonding parallel to the basal surfaces of the textured alumina grains caused cracks to deflect within the textured layers. The coupling of these two mechanisms resulted in crack arrest and a maximum work of fracture of ~1200 J/m² or almost 50 times higher than equiaxed alumina. We believe that embedding textured layers having compressive stresses below the surface of multilayer composites represent an important strategy for designing flaw‐tolerant materials with pronounced crack growth resistance and a high work of fracture.     

纤维类型对Cf/SiC复合材料力学性能的影响

本工作以AIN和Y2O3为烧结助剂,采用先驱体转化－热压烧结的方法制备出了Cf/SiC复合材料,研究了纤维类型影响复合材料力学性能的本质原因,由于T300纤维的制备温度明显低于M40JB纤维的制备温度,因此,与M40JB纤维相比,T300纤维的石墨化程度较低且含有较多的杂质,从而导致T300纤维表面的活性强,而M40JB纤维表面的活性较弱,正是这种结构和成分的差别,使T300纤维与基体的结合较强,而M40JB纤维与基体的结合较弱,因此以T300纤维为增强的复合材料呈现脆性断裂,而以M40JB纤维为增强相的复合材料则呈现韧性断裂,谈复合材料具有较好的力学性能。     

Fabrication and Properties of Ti3SiC2/SiC Composites

Ti3SiC2/SiC composites were fabricated by reactive hot pressing method. Effects of hot pressing temperature, the content and particle size of SiC on phase composition, densification, mechanical properties and behavior of stress-strain of the composites were investigated. The results showed that ： （ 1 ） Hot-pressing temperature influenced the phase composition of Ti3SiC2/SiC composites. The flexural strength and fracture toughness of composites increased with hot pressing temperature. （2） It became more difficult for the composites to densify when the content of SiC in composites increased. It need be sintered at higher temperature to get denser composite. The flexural strength and fracture toughness of composites increased when the content of SiC added in composites increased. However, when the content of SiC reached 50 wt%, the flexural strength and fracture toughness of composites decreased due to high content of pore in composites. （3） When the content of SiC was same, Ti3SiC2/SiC composites were denser while the particle size of SiC added in composites is 12. 8 μm compared with the composites that the particle size of SiC added is 3 μm. The flexural strength and fracture toughness of composites increased with the increase of particle size of SiC added in composites. （4） Ti3SiC2/SiC composites were non-brittle fracture at room temperature.     

Cyclic-Fatigue Behavior of SiC/SiC Composites at Room and High Temperatures

Tension-tension cyclic-fatigue tests of a two-dimensional-woven-SiC-fiber-SiC-matrix composite (SiC/SiC) prepared by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) were conducted in air at room temperature and in argon at 1000°C. The cyclic-fatigue limit (10⁷ cycles) at room temperature was ∼160 MPa, which was ∼80% of the monotonic tensile strength of the composite. However, the fatigue limit at 1000°C was only 75 MPa, which was 30% of the tensile strength of the composite. No difference was observed in cyclic-fatigue life at room temperature and at 1000°C at stresses >180 MPa; however, cyclic-fatigue life decreased at 1000°C at stresses < 180 MPa. The fracture mode changed from fracture in 0° and 90° bundles at high stresses to fracture mainly in 0° bundles at low stresses. Fiber-pullout length at 1000°C was longer than that at room temperature, and, in cyclic fatigue, it was longer than that in monotonic tension. The decrease in the fatigue limit at 1000°C was concluded to be possibly attributed to creep of fibers and the reduction of the sliding resistance of the interface between the matrix and the fibers.     

Hot Corrosion Behavior of Barium Aluminosilicate-Coated C/SiC Composites at 900°C

Barium aluminosilicates (BAS) were coated on the carbon fiber-reinforced silicon carbide composites (C/SiC) as environmental barriers. The hot corrosion behavior of the coated composites was studied at 900°C in dry air and water vapor, respectively. The molten Na₂SO₄ was used as the corrosion reactant. The results indicate that the BAS coatings can effectively block the attack of molten Na₂SO₄ to C/SiC composites in dry air. However, the coated composites degrade rapidly when exposed to molten Na₂SO₄ coupled with water vapor. It is found that the BAS is corroded by Na₂SO₄ melt with the formation of BaSO₄, resulting in the destruction of BAS structure, which makes the coating lose its protection to the C/SiC composites in water vapor.     

Model of Oxidation‐Induced Fiber Fracture in SiC/SiC Composites

Stress rupture of SiC/SiC composites at intermediate temperatures in oxidizing environments is the result of a series of internal chemical and thermomechanical processes that lead to premature, localized fiber fracture. This article presents analytical models for two potentially critical steps in this process. The first involves the generation of tensile stresses in the fibers due to SiO₂ scale formation (following removal of fiber coatings) and the associated reduction in the applied stress required for fiber fracture. The second occurs once the gaps produced by coating removal are filled with oxide and subsequent oxidation occurs subject to the constraints imposed by the matrix crack faces. In this domain, the failure model is couched in terms of the stress intensification within the fibers caused by constrained oxidation. The models incorporate the combined kinetic effects of oxide growth and viscous flow. The competing effects of increased oxidation rate and accelerated stress relaxation with increasing temperature on fiber stress feature prominently in the results. The results suggest that, in dry air environments, the highest risk of fiber fracture occurs at temperatures in the range 840°C–940°C. In this range, the oxide scales grow at appreciable rates yet the resulting growth stresses cannot be mitigated sufficiently rapidly by viscous flow.     

PE－HD/硅灰石/POE-g-MAH复合材料的断裂行为

采用基本断裂功法（EWF）评价了高密度聚乙烯（PE－HD）/硅灰石/马来酸酐接枝乙烯－辛烯共聚物（POE-g-MAH）复合材料处于平面应力与平面应变过渡状态下试样的断裂行为,研究了不同硅灰石含量对复合材料断裂行为的影响。对该体系EWF方法的适用效果以及试样所处的应力状态进行了验证,用线性回归法处理数据成功得到了各断裂功参数。结果表明,随着硅灰石含量的增加,PE－HD/硅灰石/POE-g-MAH复合材料的比基本断裂功增加,比塑性功降低;复合材料的断裂韧性主要取决于屈服后材料抵抗裂纹扩展的能力,复合材料的塑性变形能力也更依赖于屈服后的行为;PE－HD/硅灰石/POE-g-MAH复合材料的缺口冲击强度随着硅灰石含量的增加而降低,缺口冲击强度高的材料比基本断裂功却较小。     

尼龙11/SiC复合材料等温结晶性能研究

利用差示扫描量热法研究尼龙(PA)11/SiC复合材料在不同结晶温度的等温结晶及熔融行为,采用Avrami方程研究复合材料的等温结晶动力学,用Hoffman-Weeks理论研究复合材料的平衡熔点。结果表明,Avrami方程能够较好地描述PA11/SiC复合材料的等温结晶动力学;在复合材料中,SiC起到了异相成核作用,提高了等温结晶速率,随着结晶温度的升高,结晶速率逐渐降低;PA11/SiC复合材料等温结晶后的熔融曲线均为双重熔融峰,当结晶温度足够高时,晶体趋于完美,只存在一个熔融峰;与纯PA11相比,PA11/SiC复合材料有较低的平衡熔点。     

变密度预制体C/C复合材料压缩性能的研究

采用平均密度不同的预制体制备变密度预制体C/C复合材料,并对应制备了常用的恒密度预制体C/C复合材料.研究了不同结构和不同平均密度的预制体对C/C复合材料压缩性能的影响.实验结果表明,变密度预制体C/C复合材料的压缩强度远远大于相同平均预制体密度的恒密度预制体C/C复合材料,并且随预制体平均密度的增大呈先增大后下降的趋势.由于预制体内部纤维含量的不同分布状态,变密度预制体C/C复合材料的压缩破坏同时呈现出压溃和剪切破坏模式.     

导热PE-HD／SiC复合材料的制备及性能研究

将碳化硅（SiC）粒子和高密度聚乙烯（PE—HD）经粉末混合后制得导热复合材料。研究了SiC粒子分散状态及含量对复合材料热导率、热阻、力学性能及电绝缘性能的影响，探讨了SiC粒径对热导率的影响。结果表明：复合材料中SiC粒子围绕在PE—HD粒子周围，形成了特殊的网状导热通路；随SiC粒径增加，热导率降低；在填料体积分数为30％时，复合材料热导率、热阻、拉伸强度及冲击强度、体积电阻率和介电常数分别为1．05W／（m·K）、0．75K／W、15MPa、13．2kJ／m^2、4．6×10^15 ·Ω·cm和3．03。此外，使用少量的氧化铝（Al2O3）纤维替代SiC组成混杂填料增强的材料各项性能均得到改善，并且与纯PE-FID相比具有优良的热传导能力。     

SiC组分含量对SiC/Cu复合材料力学性能的影响

采用真空热压法制备了不同配比的SiC/Cu金属陶瓷复合材料.利用阿基米德原理测定了复合材料的密度及气孔率;利用Instron万能材料电子试验机测得其三点弯曲强度;采用Hv-1000显微硬度仪测试其显微硬度,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对烧成样品的物相组成和断口显微形貌进行表征.结果表明:随着SiC组分含量的增加,SiC/Cu复合材料的致密度、抗弯强度均有所下降,而气孔率和显微硬度显著增加.在750 ℃,30 MPa压力作用下,保温3 min,制备得到的30SiC/70Cu(vol%)的复合材料,具有最优的力学性能,其显微硬度达到2087.2 MPa,抗弯强度为174.0 MPa.SiC/Cu复合材料的断裂行为既表现出一定的微观韧性特征,又表现出一定的脆性特征.     

Oxidation Behavior of MuIlite-Coated SiC and SiC/SiC Composites under Thermal Cycling between Room Temperature and 1200°-1400°C

Refractory oxide barrier coatings are a promising approach for improving the environmental durability of silicon-based ceramics in severe environments. The oxidation durability of a newly developed fully crystalline mullite coating on SiC and SiC/SiC composites was investigated under thermal cycling between room temperature and 1200°-1400°C with a higher frequency (1- or 2-h) and a lower frequency (20-h) cycling for times up to 1200 h. The new mullite coating exhibited significantly improved adherence and resistance to cracking when compared to conventional mullite coatings. Current issues include oxidation of SiC-based substrates, void formation at the coating/substrate interface, and cracking in the coating through the thickness.     

Influence of Fiber and Interfacial Properties on Fracture Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic Composites

The fracture and fracture resistance behaviors of zirconmatrix composites uniaxially reinforced with either uncoated or BN-coated silicon carbide fibers are studied by performing experiments in three-point flexure and by analyzing results analytically using a cohesive crack model that incorporates crack bridging and fiber pullout mechanisms. A comparison of experimental results with the model predictions demonstrates good agreement. This analytical approach is then used in a parametrical study to demonstrate the role of fiber and fiber-matrix interfacial properties on the mechanical behavior of fiber-reinforced ceramic-matrix composites. Material parameters that enhance ultimate strength and ductility or toughness are elucidated.     

原位法PA11/SiC复合材料的制备及力学性能研究

以经硅烷化处理的碳化硅(Si C)和11–氨基十一酸为原料,采用原位聚合法制备了尼龙(PA)11/Si C复合材料,并研究了所制得的复合材料的力学性能、形态结构及阻隔性能。结果表明,Si C的加入增大了PA11/Si C复合材料的冲击强度和断裂伸长率,当Si C质量分数为4%时复合材料的力学性能最好。Si C的加入还使复合材料的吸油值下降,阻隔性能增加。     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of SiC Platelet/Cordierite Glass-Ceramic Composites

Cordierite glass-ceramics reinforced with different volume fractions (0, 10, 20, and 30%) of SiC platelets were fabricated by mechanically mixing appropriate powders and hot pressing above the glass transition temperature. Some of the specimens were subjected to postsintering crystallization treatments. The resultant sintered microstructure was textured, and within it the SiC platelets tended to be oriented with their basal planes perpendicular to the hot-pressing direction. The bending strength of the hot-pressed specimens was constant, while the fracture toughness increased with the SiC content. Crystallization heat treatment in argon for 30 min at 1200°C caused a significant decrease in the bending strength, but improved the fracture toughness. Fractography has confirmed the crack deflection to be a dominant mechanism in the crystallized specimens, which contributes to the improvement in the fracture toughness. The overall changes in the mechanical properties are discussed with respect to the change in the residual stresses and oxidation characteristics of the SiC platelets.     

Pressureless Sintering of Carbon Nanofibre/SiC Composites and Their Properties

To enhance the fracture toughness of silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics and prevent the generation of cracks and chippings in the SiC ceramics during machining process, carbon nanofibres (CNFs) were compounded with SiC. The densification and microstructure development of the CNFs/SiC composites pressureless sintered in Ar atmosphere were investigated. The fracture toughness of SiC ceramics was enhanced by the addition of 1–3 wt% CNFs, which resulted from the pullout and/or bridging effect of CNFs bonded much more closely with SiC. The addition of 3 wt% CNFs prevented the chippings from generating in the composite during precision machining process.