高硫煤的H2O2-CH3COOH溶液体系脱硫研究

采用H2O2-CH3COOH溶液体系对高硫煤进行了脱硫研究,结果表明,H2O2-CH3COOH的溶液体系可有效脱除煤中的硫铁矿硫和有机硫,实验获得的较佳脱硫条件是溶液初始的H2O2质量分数为10%,n(H2O2)∶n(CH3COOH)为10,温度为室温,反应时间60min,液固比为3∶1,搅拌速率300r/min;在此条件下,煤中硫铁矿硫的脱出率和有机硫的脱出率均可达到65%以上.对该体系的脱硫机理分析表明,H2O2的氧化性在CH3COOH的催化作用下得以加强,促使反应生成更多的羟基自由基(·OH)和过氧羟基自由基(·OOH),这些自由基具有较高的电负性或电子亲和能,能够加速脱硫反应的进行,从而实现硫铁矿硫或有机硫从煤中的脱除.     

{CdI4[（C4H6N2）2+C2H4]}n的合成与晶体结构

用溶液挥发法合成了一个新的有机-无机杂化聚合物{Cd I4[(C4H6N2)2+C2H4]}n,并通过X-射线单晶衍射仪对其进行结构表征。化合物1属于单斜晶系,C2/c空间群,a=34.383(7)?,b=8.1299(16)?,c=15.199(3)?,β=112.47(3)°,V=3926.0(13)?3,Z=8。化合物1由有机阳离子[(C4H6N2)2+C2H4]和无机[Cd I4]2-阴离子组成一个零维簇结构,相邻的簇与簇之间通过氢键作用形成三维超分子网状结构。     

纳米材料对Al2O3-ZrO2-C耐火材料的影响

降低洁净钢生产成本是每个钢厂不断地追求。炼钢用耐火材料对此起着关键作用,因此,耐火材料面临着更大的挑战,为了抵抗苛刻的操作条件,如多种钢种的高速浇铸、低温浇铸等,需要设计出合适的耐火材料。本文关注的焦点是耐火材料产品的关键问题,如提高塞棒棒头和浸入式水口渣线的抗侵蚀性,以及提高产品的高温强度等。通过以纳米形式引入不同比例的氧化物、非氧化物材料以及特种有机结合剂进行研究,开发出了所需产品。通过研究,最终设计出与连铸工序相匹配的低成本产品。     

60%(CH3)2Si(OEt)2/40%Si(OEt)4有机-无机 复合醇盐水解聚合过程的研究

研究了有机-无机复合醇盐60%二甲基二乙氧基硅烷(DDS)/40%正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)的水解聚合过程. 通过测定不同水解时间后形成产物的结构及含量变化，分析了这种有机-无机复合材料水解聚合过程中有机与无机组分的相互作用机制及各种产物的形成规律. 指出DDS的添加抑制TEOS的自聚合，使得体系中形成了大量的TEOS和DDS的共聚合分子，有机与无机组分通过化学键合连接起来而成为一种凝胶网络组成体. 同时还检测到许多DDS的自聚合环状分子［（CH     

纳米CaCO3协同La2O3对煤中有机硫的固硫研究

以Ca(OH)2、MgO、纳米CaCO3为固硫剂,Fe2O3、Al2O3、La2O3为添加剂,对煤中有机硫进行了固硫研究,讨论了固硫剂的种类、固硫剂用量、添加剂的种类、添加剂用量、煤样粒径大小、固硫反应温度等因素对煤中有机硫固硫效果的影响。结果表明:以纳米CaCO3为固硫剂,La2O3为添加剂,煤中有机硫固硫的优化工艺条件为:煤样粒径为0.250 mm,纳米Ca CO3的用量为固硫煤样质量的10%,La2O3的用量为固硫煤样质量的1.0%,固硫反应温度为800℃。在该优化工艺条件下,煤中有机硫的固硫率为89.25%。     

硼/Fe0/H2O2体系对高盐废水中有机污染物的去除

传统Fenton氧化法对高盐废水中有机污染物的处理效果不理想。为提高高盐废水中有机污染物的处理效果，在传统Fenton法基础上选用廉价、安全易得的Fe⁰代替Fe²⁺参与反应，并创新性地加入硼(B)作为还原剂，以促进Fenton体系对高盐废水中有机污染物(柠檬黄)的降解。结果表明，B/Fe⁰/H₂O₂体系对高盐废水中柠檬黄有着很好的去除效果，在盐(Na₂SO₄)浓度为0.2 mol/L、反应60 min时，柠檬黄的最终降解率达到100%,B、Fe⁰以及H₂O₂的最佳投加量分别为0.2 g/L、0.02 g/L和1 mmol/L。B/Fe⁰/H₂O₂体系对盐(Na₂SO₄)浓度在0～0.4 mol/L的废水都有着很好的柠檬黄降解率，且在废水中含有其他不同阴离子组合时...     

ZrB2陶瓷制备研究进展

航天航空、新兵器、新能源等高科技领域的快速发展对超高温陶瓷材料提出了迫切的需求,ZrB2陶瓷材料是最重要的超高温陶瓷材料之一。本文阐明了ZrB2陶瓷拥有优异性能的原因,综述了ZrB2陶瓷材料的制备研究进展,介绍了固相法、气相法、前体法制备ZrB2陶瓷材料的机理,对比了各种ZrB2陶瓷材料制备方法的优缺点,并指出了有机前体转化法具有可设计性好、不含杂质元素、成型可控、陶瓷转化温度低等优点。本文总结得出有机前体转化法是制备ZrB2超高温陶瓷复合材料较理想的方法,以及基于有机聚合物的ZrB2陶瓷前体是未来重要的发展方向之一。     

有机胺吸收SO2系统优化研究与实践

介绍了有色金属冶炼企业的有机胺烟气脱硫工艺流程,针对有机胺预处理系统在运行中出现的洗涤液温度高、有机胺液吸收效果差等问题,通过提高蒸发降温能力、控制动力波洗涤器入口烟气温度、降低烟气水含量、降低洗涤循环液温度等方式降低吸收塔烟气温度,通过稳定有机胺浓度和烟气浓度、提高有机胺液解吸能力等措施提高有机胺液吸收能力,实现了液硫产能和综合效益的提升。     

酶/功能性框架材料光催化转化CO2的研究进展

功能性框架材料包括金属有机框架(Metal organic frameworks, MOFs)和共价有机框架(Covalent organic frameworks, COFs),前者是一类金属离子与有机配体配位连接的聚合物，后者是一类无金属共价连接的有机聚合物，具有比表面积大、结构可调性等特点，是近年来功能性材料研究热点。功能性框架材料自身的结构优势决定其在载酶光催化转化CO₂方面具有良好的应用潜力，简要总结了近年来酶/功能性框架材料光催化转化CO₂的研究进展，介绍了MOFs材料与COFs材料在酶光催化转化CO₂中的应用、优势、存在问题及未来的发展机遇。     

离子色谱法测定焦化废水中的Cl-、NO3-、SO42-、S2O32-和SCN-

研究了用离子色谱法同时测定焦化废水中的Cl-、NO3-、SO24-、S2O23-和SCN-的含量。以Na2CO3-NaHCO3为流动相,乙腈为有机改进剂,自动进样器进样,待测离子经Metrosep A SUPP 5阴离子交换柱分离,抑制电导检测。实验优化了流动相组分的配比、有机改进剂的种类和浓度以及淋洗速度对分离效果的影响。在优化实验条件下,该方法线性相关性好(R>0.998 9),灵敏度高,检出限在0.06～0.28 mg/L范围内,精密度好(RSD<3.1%)。将该方法应用于焦化废水中无机阴离子的测定,并进行加标回收试验,回收率在89.4%～104.7%之间,结果令人满意。该方法操作简单、速度快、选择性好、准确度高,适合大批量工业废水中多种阴离子成分的同时测定。     

Crystallization of zeolite L from Na2O-K2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O system

Zeolite L powder was prepared from the substrate mixture of Na₂O-K₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-H₂O system at temperatures of 373-443 K. In order to investigate the factors which influence the synthesis outcome, a reference system which yields zeolite L in a reproducible manner was chosen and subjected to controlled changes in synthesis parameters. The crystalline zeolite L samples obtained were characterized by elemental chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was established that phase purity, morphology, and the size of crystals of crystalline product were affected by molar ratios of the substrate, such as SiO₂/Al₂O₃, (K₂O+Na₂O)/SiO₂, Na₂O/(K₂O+Na₂O), and H₂O/(K₂O+Na₂O). Amorphous silica powder (Zeosil) was the preferred silica source, and the crystallization rate was promoted by introducing gel aging, seeding, and rapid heating rate.     

Photocatalytic activity of Cu2O/TiO2, Bi2O3/TiO2 and ZnMn2O4/TiO2 heterojunctions

Cu₂O/TiO₂, Bi₂O₃/TiO₂ and ZnMn₂O₄/TiO₂ heterojunctions were studied for potential applications in water decontamination technology and their capacity to induce an oxidation process under VIS light. UV–vis spectroscopy analysis showed that the junctions-based Cu₂O, Bi₂O₃ and ZnMn₂O₄ are able to absorb a large part of visible light (respectively, up to 650, 460 and 1000 nm). This fact was confirmed in the case of Cu₂O/TiO₂ and Bi₂O₃/TiO₂ by photocatalytic experiments performed under visible light. A part of the charge recombination that can take place when both semiconductors are excited was observed when a photocatalytic experiment was performed under UV–vis illumination. Orange II, 4-hydroxybenzoic and benzamide were used as pollutants in the experiment. Photoactivity of the junctions was found to be strongly dependent on the substrate. The different phenomena that were observed in each case are discussed.     

碳酸钠—过氧化氢—水体系相图的绘制

进行了Na2CO3-H2O2-H2O体系溶解度的测定并绘制成相图,最后对其应用进行了讨论。     

Synthesis and characterization of Y2O3-ZrO2 and Y2O3-CeO2-ZrO2 precursor powders

Thixotropic gels of the precursor powders of the titled compounds have been prepared by the addition of oxalic acid to the mixed solutions of metal salts at room temperature (≈ 27 °C). The clear sols of yttrium-zirconyl oxalate (YZO) and yttrium-cerium-zirconyl oxalate (YCZO) gelled within a few hours and were oven-dried at 40 °C. The various stages of gelation behaviour of the sols are explained on the basis of DLVO theory. By repeptizing the dried gel powders with water, concentrated sols were prepared. The gelation time as a function of chloride ion concentration is discussed for both sols. The nature of the temperature dependence of the dried gel powders was studied by means of thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis. Powder X-ray diffraction was used to study the crystallization behaviour of the dried amorphous gel powders. It is found that these powders crystallize in tetragonal phase when calcined at 850 °C for 1 h. Estimation of surface area and infra-red characterization have also been carried out for the prepared powders.     

Stable Ti/RuO2-Sb2O5-SnO2 electrodes for O2 evolution

RuO₂-based electrodes are generally known to be unstable for O₂ evolution. In this paper, a stable type of RuO₂-based electrode, Ti/RuO₂-Sb₂O₅-SnO₂, is demonstrated for O₂ evolution. In the ternary oxide coating, RuO₂ serves as the catalyst, SnO₂ as the dispersing agent, and Sb₂O₅ as the dopant. The accelerated life test showed that the Ti/RuO₂-Sb₂O₅-SnO₂ electrode containing 12.2 molar percent of RuO₂ nominally in the coating had a service life of 307 h in 3 M H₂SO₄ solution under a current density of 0.5 A cm⁻² at 25 °C, which is more than 15 times longer than other types of RuO₂-based electrodes. Instrumental analysis indicated that RuO₂-Sb₂O₅-SnO₂ was a solid solution with a compact structure, which contributed to the stable nature of the electrode.     

Preparation and characterization of Cr2O3-TiO2-Al2O3-V2O5 green pigment

Green pigments with high near infrared reflectance based on a Cr₂O₃-TiO₂-Al₂O₃-V₂O₅ composition have been synthesized. Cr₂O₃ was used as the host component and mixtures of TiO₂, Al₂O₃ and V₂O₅ were used as the guest components. TiO₂, Al₂O₃, and V₂O₅ were mixed into 39 different compositions. The spectral reflectance and the distribution of pigment powder were determined using a spectrophotometer and a scanning electron microscope, respectively. It was found that a pigment powder sample S9 with a Cr₂O₃-TiO₂-Al₂O₃-V₂O₅ composition of 80, 4, 14 and 2 wt%, respectively, gives a maximum near infrared solar reflectance of 82.8% compared with 49.0% for pure Cr₂O₃. The dispersion of pigment powders in a ceramic glaze was also studied. The results show that the pigment powder sample S9 is suitable for use as a coating material for ceramic-based roofs.     

Crystal Structure of the LiNaZnP2O7 Compound in the Li2ZnP2O7-Na2ZnP2O7 Glass-Forming System

The crystal structure of the LiNaZnP₂O₇ compound is determined using X-ray powder diffraction (space group Cmcm, a = 12.431 Å, b = 7.589 Å, c = 6.283 Å). The structure has a mixed tetrahedral framework consisting of the diortho groups [P₂O₇] and the tetrahedra [ZnO₄] and [LiO₄], which are joined into chains. The [ZnO₄] and [LiO₄] tetrahedra are distributed in the chains in a random manner, because the zinc and lithium atoms statistically occupy one crystallographic position. The sodium cations are arranged in channels of the tetrahedral framework. The atomic coordinates and interatomic distances in the structure are reported. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2005 by Fizika i Khimiya Stekla, Shepelev, Lapshin, Petrova, Novikova.     

ZrO2/SiO2- and La2O3/Al2O3-supported platinum catalysts for CH4/CO2 reforming

Surface-phase ZrO₂ on SiO₂ (SZrOs) and surface-phase La₂O₃ on Al₂O₃ (SLaOs) were prepared with various loadings of ZrO₂ and La₂O₃, characterized and used as supports for preparing Pt/SZrOs and Pt/SLaOs catalysts. CH₄/CO₂ reforming over the Pt/SZrOs and Pt/SLaOs catalysts was examined and compared with Pt/Al₂O₃ and Pt/SiO₂ catalysts. CO₂ or CH₄ pulse reaction/adsorption analysis was employed to elucidate the effects of these surface-phase oxides.

The zirconia can be homogeneously dispersed on SiO₂ to form a stable surface-phase oxide. The lanthana cannot be spread well on Al₂O₃, but it forms a stable amorphous oxide with Al₂O₃. The Pt/SZrOs and Pt/SLaOs catalysts showed higher steady activity than did Pt/SiO₂ and Pt/Al₂O₃ by a factor of three to four. The Pt/SZrOs and Pt/SLaOs catalysts were also much more stable than the Pt/SiO₂ and Pt/Al₂O₃ catalysts for long stream time and for reforming temperatures above 700 °C. These findings were attributed to the activation of CO₂ adsorbed on the basic sites of SZrOs and SLaOs.     

Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2一ZrO2复合陶瓷膜的制备与表征

采用Sol—Gel法制备出掺杂SiO2，TiO2及ZrO2改性的γ-Al2O3膜，并通过SEM，EPMA，AFM等测试手段对膜结构和性能进行表征。探讨了制膜工艺条件对膜性能及结构的影响。制备的Al2O3复合膜膜厚为1—2μm，结构均匀无缺陷。