高碳钢中珠光体在温楔横轧过程中的组织演变

采用温楔横轧方法制备出表层具有超微细复相组织的高碳珠光体钢棒件,研究了珠光体组织在温变形过程中的演变.结果表明,珠光体组织中的渗碳体片层主要以弯曲扭折的形式协调塑性变形,表现出较强的塑性变形能力;剧烈塑性变形促进了渗碳体片层的球化,表层球化完全的渗碳体颗粒粒径均小于0.2μm;温楔横轧后铁素体基体发生了动态连续再结晶,等轴铁素体平均晶粒尺寸为0.3～0.4 μm,0.5R处和心部的渗碳体球化不完全,铁素体再结晶也不完全;铁素体晶粒的超细化和渗碳体片层的球化明显改善高碳珠光体钢棒件的塑性,温变形过程中应变、应变速率及温度分布的不均匀是引起组织性能差异的根本原因.     

大壁厚大口径X80M管线钢DWTT性能的控轧工艺试验研究

利用光学显微镜、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)、落锤试验机等检测方法,对5种轧制工艺试制的大壁厚大口径高强韧X80M管线钢进行了金相组织、有效晶粒度、晶界特性、相分析及落锤撕裂试验(DWTT)性能的对比分析。结果表明,粗轧采用低温轧制,并保证道次压下率及轧后充分再结晶,可以减小奥氏体再结晶晶粒尺寸、提高奥氏体再结晶晶粒均匀性;精轧采用较小道次变形并充分回复后再变形的“回复-变形”的轧制方式,可以提高{112}取向晶粒数量、细化有效晶粒尺寸、增加大角度晶界比例、减少粗大马奥岛的数量和尺寸。采用该粗轧和精轧工艺,壁厚为30.8 mm、管径为1 422 mm的X80M管线钢-20 ℃温度下的全厚度DWTT性能达到94%,高于85%的工程应用验收要求。     

Effects of high-temperature hardness and oxidation on sticking phenomena occurring during hot rolling of two 430J1L ferritic stainless steels

Effects of high-temperature hardness and oxidation on sticking phenomena occurring during hot rolling of two STS 430J1L ferritic stainless steels were investigated in this study. Hot-rolling simulation test was conducted using a high-temperature wear tester. The sticking started from the initial nucleation stage in which the rolled materials were stuck onto the roll specimen surface, proceeded to the growth stage in which stuck fragments grew further, and reached the saturation stage. The modified 430J1L steel had a smaller number of sticking nucleation sites and slower growth rate than the conventional 430J1L steel because of higher high-temperature hardness, thereby leading to less serious sticking. When the simulation test was conducted at 1070 °C, Cr oxides were formed on the surface of the rolled materials, and thus the sticking was drastically reduced because of the increased surface hardness of the rolled materials. In order to prevent or minimize the sticking, thus, it was suggested to improve high-temperature properties of stainless steels in the case of hot rolling at 900–1000 °C, and to promote the formation of oxides in the case of hot rolling at temperatures higher than 1000 °C.     

GH4169合金楔横轧加工过程中动态再结晶及织构演变

为研究GH4169合金楔横轧加工过程中动态再结晶及织构演变规律,采用金相显微镜(OM)和电子背散射衍射(EBSD)对30%,50%两种断面收缩率下GH4169合金楔横轧件表层与心部的微观组织、晶体取向及织构进行分析。结果表明:GH4169合金楔横轧加工过程中,随着动态再结晶的发生,晶体取向逐渐变得随机化分布;轧制表层大角度晶界数量较轧件心部多,轧件表层织构强度变化不大,心部织构强度明显增强;经过楔横轧变形后织构发生转动,原始态织构类型为{001}〈110〉,{111}〈110〉,{111}〈011〉,轧制后主要织构类型为{001}〈010〉,{112}〈110〉,{110}〈111〉,{110}〈112〉;GH4169合金楔横轧件动态再结晶及织构演变规律是由楔横轧特殊变形特点决定的。     

TSCR热轧工艺对3.2%Si无取向硅钢组织性能的影响

研究了薄板坯连铸连轧流程(TSCR)条件下热轧工艺对3.2%Si-0.7%Al无取向硅钢组织、织构演变及磁性能的影响规律。结果表明,提高均热温度和热轧温度有助于获得粗大的变形组织和强烈的{001}〈110〉织构,进而对后续的组织、织构演变进程及磁性能产生有利的遗传影响。与低温均热和低温热轧相比,高温均热和高温热轧得到的最终成品板的再结晶晶粒较粗大,λ纤维再结晶织构较强而γ纤维再结晶织构较弱,磁感应强度较高。     

基于响应面法的楔横轧非对称轴类件轴向平衡研究

楔横轧非对称轴类件时由于存在较大不平衡的轴向力,会产生轴向窜动并导致台阶缺损和表面重皮等质量缺陷.为了减小不平衡的轴向力,目前一般采取的方法是结合工艺参数对楔横轧力能参数的影响规律,利用数值模拟手段,通过多次预设计工艺参数并反复试算以获得能使左右两端轴向力相等或近似相等的最佳工艺参数.该试算方法计算量大、繁琐、不直观,且需逐个零件进行,通用性差.本文通过利用中心组合实验设计并结合响应面法获得轴向力的响应曲面图,利用轴向力等值线选取工艺参数以保证非对称轴类件楔横轧的轴向平衡,本方法简单、直观,极大地节省了工艺参数选择所需时间,缩短了非对称轴类件楔横轧的模具设计周期.     

聚氨酯空腔尖劈吸声性能实验研究

实验测试了新型聚氨酯空腔尖劈不同温度下材料低频动力学参数及尖劈不同静压下吸声系数。通过绘制Wicket图进行了数据筛选,应用时温等效原理,得到了规定温度下宽频范围内材料动态力学参数,随后讨论了尖劈吸声性能随静水压力、温度、频率的变化规律。在测试数据基础上,基于优化理论对尖劈腔型进行优化设计,开展了声呐平台区敷设空腔尖劈的应用研究,分析了敷设前后声呐平台的声振特性,验证了新型聚氨酯吸声尖劈的减振降噪效果。     

Development of bainitic rail steels with potential resistance to rolling contact fatigue

Rails are a major capital and maintenance cost for railways in North America. While manufacturers produce clean steels with high quality, most rails made today retain the basic carbon–manganese chemistry of traditional pearlitic rails. This paper describes the development of a bainitic rail steel with potential additional resistance to rolling contact fatigue damage. It is shown that rails can be produced in bainitic steel without the need for complex heat treatments after rolling, and that bainitic rails can have higher hardness and fracture toughness than pearlitic rails. Although small‐ and full‐scale tests indicate that the wear performance of bainitic steel depends considerably on test conditions, the indication is that bainitic steel rails can have significantly better rolling contact fatigue performance compared to pearlitic rails. Reasons for the superior fatigue performance are not fully understood, although a number of hypotheses exist. A conclusion is that continued research would be useful to understand quantitatively the physics and metallurgy of wheel/rail contact.     

一种新型楔形膜在真空中的制作方法及测试结果

提出了一种新型楔形膜在真空中的制作方法,可以替代白光干涉位移传感器中的关键元件.该方法采用两层复制技术,用有机材料SU8胶作为楔形膜中间的材料.同时,搭建了白光干涉位移传感器系统,对制作的楔形膜进行了测量.实验结果表明,该解调系统具有较好的稳定性及较高的测量精度.     

楔形板带轧制过程跑偏计算模型及其仿真

 在轧制过程中,由于外扰而引起的板带跑偏现象不能被很好控制,其直接原因在于轧制过程中板带的跑偏量不能精确测量和计算,很难进行精确控制.根据楔形板带轧制过程的物理跑偏模型,建立楔形板带的跑偏计算模型,并利用有限元分析软件,依据现场轧制参数建立有限元轧制模型.仿真结果验证了所建立的计算模型的合理性和精确性.     

热轧C-Si-Mn系TRIP钢的组织与力学性能

为了探讨热轧TRIP钢的制备工艺与其组织及力学性能的关系,采用热轧控冷工艺在实验室制备了C-Si-Mn系TRIP钢,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及透射电镜对试验钢的组织进行了观察,利用能谱仪对试验钢中的夹杂进行了观察.研究得到试验钢的力学性能为:σb=605 Pa,σs=440 Pa,δ=28.4%,σs/σb=0.73.定量金相检测结果表明,试验钢中三相含量分别为:残余奥氏体5.6%,铁素体67.6%,贝氏体26.8%.     

轧制工艺对316L不锈钢组织和耐蚀性能的影响

为探索改善不锈钢耐腐蚀性能的途径,对316L不锈钢施加相同变形量的同步轧制和异步轧制,利用X射线衍射、透射电镜观察、电化学测量和扫描电镜表面观察研究了轧制工艺对钢的显微组织和腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明,经过异步轧制后显微组织中出现大量孪晶界,优化了晶界结构,在酸性介质中的晶间腐蚀敏感性明显减轻;而经过同步轧制后,样品呈现出高位错密度的显微组织,在酸性介质中的耐腐蚀性能降低.异步轧制后耐蚀性能得到改善是由于大量孪晶界的形成优化了晶界结构.     

热处理对10CrNiMnMo钢连铸连轧板组织的影响

不同厚度的10CrN iMnMo低合金高强钢连铸连轧并热处理后,强度变化不大,但冲击韧性值却相差较大.采用金相显微镜和透射电子显微镜等手段对低合金钢10CrN iMnMo轧制态及热处理后的组织和性能进行研究.结果表明,轧制态的低合金钢板材上有大量的纳米级碳化物弥散分布于铁素体基体上,但其组织由于板厚的不同而不同.厚板≥12 mm其组织为铁素体+贝氏体;而薄板的组织为铁素体+贝氏体+马氏体+残余奥氏体.在后续热处理中,厚板的强度降低,而冲击韧性变化很大.薄板的强度变化较厚板小,并且冲击韧性变化不明显,这主要是由于马氏体的存在和碳化物析出强化的作用.     

Factors affecting the oxidation mode of stainless steels

Abstract

Studies have been made to investigate what effect different factors have on oxide formation on stainless steels at 600–1,000°C in air. The factors include the effect of microstructure, airflow rate, surface preparations, residual oxides and variations of the dew point of the air. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES) and light optical microscope (LOM) were used to characterise the oxides.     

热轧后退火对超纯Cr17钢成形性能的影响

为了揭示热轧后退火对超纯Cr17铁素体不锈钢冷轧退火板成形性能的影响,以1种铌、钛双稳定化超纯Cr17铁素体不锈钢的热轧板和热轧退火板为实验材料,分别进行相同的冷轧及退火处理,对其组织、织构演变和成形性能进行了对比研究.研究结果表明,热轧后退火对冷轧退火板的组织、织构和成形性能影响很大.与不退火相比,退火能够使冷轧退火...     

Fatigue fracture and probabilistic assessments of a cone and pipe welded structure of stainless steels

Probabilistic assessments are important for weldments due to large scatters in the fatigue strength. Using thin-walled cone-pipe welded joints of stainless steels, fatigue tests under bending loads were carried out. The test data were statistically analyzed with the Benard's approximation, Gaussian, 2P-Weibull, and 3P-Weibull distributions. Stress–life curves at different failure probabilities by a uniform scatter band model were obtained. The metallographic structures were investigated, and the stress concentration states were analyzed to elucidate the causes of the strengths and scatters. In the high-cycle fatigue regime, the 3P-Weibull distribution was most matched with the Benard's approximation, and the coefficient of determination was 0.9817. The microstructure of the weld metal with a high weld opening angle was mainly ferrite phase with 20% austenite distribution, which had the high strength. The stress concentration factors depended on the weld opening angle, indicating the main factor that affected strengths and scatters.     

Fe-0.03Te-0.3Pb-0.9Mn易切削不锈钢润滑滚动磨损机理研究

采用润滑滚动磨损实验测试Fe-0.03Te-0.3Pb-0.9Mn易切削不锈钢的表面摩擦磨损特性。比较不同磨损时间球珠作用下合金表面磨损形貌、体系硬度、摩擦因数和磨损体积的差异,并对其润滑滚动磨损机理进行深入研究。结果表明:磨损启动期,合金表面磨损性能相对稳定,在MnS和Pb等易切削相交互作用下,合金表面犁削底部开始产生裂纹;磨损稳定期,合金表面性能逐渐变化,犁削底部裂纹持续生长,交织的裂纹开始产生片状或块状凸起物;磨损失效期,合金表面润滑膜和剥落物大量脱落,剥落物形成磨料磨损,犁削逐渐贯通消失,合金表面体系相结构快速瓦解。     

滚动轴承寿命及可靠性试验评定方法研究

对于滚动轴承寿命及可靠性试验,在不进行国家规定的寿命试验时,为节约样品成本与试验成本,一般所选的样本量较小.然而使用方或生产方希望能在样本数量与失效数量均较少的情况下,在一定精度下能定量客观地给出被试轴承的形状参数及可靠度、平均寿命等可靠性指标.为此,利用Bayes方法,依据滚动轴承寿命服从二参数Weibull分布的特点,选用无信息先验分布,根据试验数据,给出被试轴承形状参数与可靠度的点估计及形状参数、可靠度、可靠寿命与平均寿命的区间估计.为小样本少失效条件下滚动轴承可靠性的定量评价提供了有效方法.     

304不锈钢管滚压成形圆锥外螺纹组织及性能研究

滚压加工螺纹可以获得更高的螺纹强度、精度,其在加工效率和环保性方面的优越性不容忽视.同时,滚压加工可以解决某些工艺方法不能解决的问题,如对特大型缸体的加工,可以达到减少机床和夹具、提高工件加工精度、缩短加工周期和节约作业面积的效果.为此,本文采用一种四滚丝轮车床滚压加工得到了304不锈钢管圆锥外螺纹.通过金相分析、扫描电镜、显微硬度计和万能试验机等手段,研究了304不锈钢管滚压成形圆锥外螺纹的组织及性能,并与传统的套丝管螺纹进行对比.研究结果表明,套丝加工的管螺纹,齿表层出现孔洞、金属组织被切断,其内部显微组织仍是原有的等轴晶,齿形不完整;而滚压加工使得螺纹表层组织细化,形成了沿螺纹齿形连续分布的纤维组织.套丝加工后304钢管螺纹硬度有所提高,但幅度不大;与套丝加工相比,滚压加工后304钢管螺纹的抗剪拉力和硬度均有大幅提高.     

热轧后退火对超纯铁素体不锈钢表面皱折的影响机理

以一种铌、钛双稳定化超纯Cr17铁素体不锈钢的热轧板和热轧退火板为初始材料,分别经相同的冷轧及退火处理,从显微组织演变、微织构演变的角度研究了热轧后退火对成品板表面皱折的影响机理.研究结果表明,与热轧后不退火相比,热轧后退火可使冷轧退火板的最大皱折高度和平均皱折高度分别降低37.0%、35.6%.热轧后退火有利于热轧板...