Studies on oxychlorination of MoS2 in a fluid bed reactor

Studies on the chlorination kinetics of molybdenum sulfide in the presence of a mixture of oxygen, chlorine, and nitrogen gases have been carried out in a fluidized bed reactor at temperatures of 250 to 350 ° and particle size range of 75 to 200 μm. The reaction rate with respect to surface area of MoS₂ particles as well as the composition of reactant gases has been determined and the specific rate constants evaluated. The oxychlorination of MoS₂ has been determined to be of first order with respect to surface area of particles and the overall reaction is found to be controlled by chemical reaction.     

铝阳极氧化膜二次阳极电解沉积MoS2

观察了实验条件对恒电流密度下二次阳极处理电解沉积MoS₂对应的电压时间关系曲线和膜颜色的影响。电子探针分析表明,沉积的固体润滑剂在整个孔的深度范围存在,但接近孔口的膜外表面下含量较高。透射电镜观察发现二次阳极处理过程实质上为二次阳极氧化过程,膜的阻挡层增厚,其厚度与电压的比值在1.0～1.4nm/V范围。原多孔膜底部未发生对应高电压的大孔的起源和发展。沉积MoS₂的工艺使膜的硬度有所下降。膜的摩擦系数降低,耐磨性提高。     

MoS2和石墨对青铜基含油轴承摩擦性能的影响

通过改变MoS₂（质量分数1.0%~2.0%）和石墨（质量分数0~1.0%）的成分比例,在一定滑动线速度下,测量青铜基含油轴承承受压强的极限值,研究MoS₂和石墨含量对青铜基含油轴承的力学性能和摩擦性能的影响。结果表明:在不加入石墨的情况下,随着MoS₂含量的增加,含油轴承的负荷×线速度（pv）极限值降低,其中青铜-1MoS₂（MoS₂质量分数1.0%）含油轴承极限pv值最高,达到2.940 MPa·m·s-1;在同时加入石墨和MoS₂的情况下,随着石墨含量的增加,含油轴承的摩擦因数降低,其中青铜-1MoS₂/-1石墨（MoS₂质量分数1.0%,石墨质量分数1.0%）含油轴承摩擦因数最低,为0.038;石墨能够改善含油轴承的摩擦性能,但是会大幅度降低其力学性能。     

BN和MoS2对镍基材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

通过热压烧结制备了含不同质量分数润滑剂（0%、10% MoS₂、5% MoS₂+5% BN和10% BN）的镍基材料,利用销盘摩擦磨损试验机对4种镍基材料在载荷30~60 N、滑动速度0.35~0.58 m·s-1（300~500 r·m-1）条件下进行摩擦磨损实验,通过扫描电镜观察磨损表面形貌,分析了不同润滑剂对镍基材料抗磨损性能的影响。结果表明:由于MoS₂与基体之间结合良好,含有10% MoS₂润滑剂的镍基材料具有较低且平稳的摩擦系数和最低的磨损率;由于BN与基体之间结合松散,含10% BN润滑剂的镍基材料在较高载荷和滑动速率下具有相对较高的摩擦系数和磨损率。     

CaO--TiO2--Fe2O3三元系中Ca3TiFe2O8的生成机理

钒钛磁铁矿是烧结矿重要的原料之一,Ca₃TiFe₂O₈作为钒钛烧结矿中矿物被发现之后,其生成机理尚不明确.本文采用X射线衍射分析、元素能谱分析和TG-DSC分析相结合的方法,研究了Ca₃TiFe₂O₈的生成机理以及不同温度、CaO与TiO₂含量下Ca₃TiFe₂O₈的生成规律.实验结果表明,Ca₃TiFe₂O₈由Ca₂ Fe₂O₅和CaTiO₃反应生成,即CaO和Fe₂O₃反应生成Ca₂ Fe₂O₅;其后,与CaTiO₃反应生成Ca₃TiFe₂O₈.反应时间越长,Ca₃TiFe₂O₈的生成量越大,但反应温度对Ca₃TiFe₂O₈生成的影响并不明显.另外,还发现CaO含量越高,Ca₃TiFe₂O₈越易于生成,而且等摩尔Fe₂O₃和CaO下只要存在TiO₂,就会有Ca₃TiFe₂O₈生成.      

离子液体改性MWCNTs、MoS2及其复合纳米流体的摩擦学性能

采用1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([EMIm]BF₄)离子液体分散多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)、二硫化钼(MoS₂)于去离子水以得到具有优异摩擦学特性的纳米流体.通过拉曼光谱仪、纳米粒度电位仪、接触角测量仪表征其分散与润湿性,通过导热系数仪和流变仪测试其热物性,并通过材料表面性能综合测试仪进行摩擦实验.结果表明:经[EMIm]BF₄改性而制备的纳米流体Zeta电位大幅提高,纳米颗粒在空间位阻作用下有效分散于水基液,故保持润湿性的同时增强了导热能力,其对高温合金的润湿接触角最小为59.33°,室温(25℃)平均黏度最低为1.49 mPa·s,且导热系数最大为1.02 W·(m·K)^-1.纳米流体中层状、管状几何结构的MoS₂、MWCNTs纳米颗粒极大强化了基液的减摩抗磨性能,平均摩擦系数降至0.083,磨痕体积磨损率相比传统水基冷却液减小了72.33%.     

Effect of Fe2O3 Loading Amount on Catalytic Properties of Monolithic Fe2O3/Ce0.67Zr0.33O2 -Al2O3 Catalyst for Methane Combustion

Ce0.67Zr0.33O2-Al2O3 solid solution was prepared by the co-precipitation method. Fe2O3-based catalysts supported on the solid solution were obtained by the impregnation method. The article revealed that the optimal loading amount of Fe2O3 on Ce0.67Zr0.33 O2-Al2O3 in our experimental condition for catalytic combustion of methane was 8% （ mass fraction）. The prepared catalysts were characterized by BET, TPR, XRD analyses, and their catalytic activity was investigated after being calcined at 873 K and after being aged in water gas at 1273 K. When the loading amount of Fe203 was 8% （ mass fraction）, the catalyst held the highest activity, and the best temperature speciality and thermal stability. The complete-conversion temperature of methane for fresh and aged sample was 788 and 838 K, respectively. The range between the light-off temperature and the complete-conversion temperature was only 15 K. The characterization results of XRD indicated that Fe2O3 was well dispersed on the Ce0.67Zr0.33O2-Al2O3 matrix. The results of BET and TPR were in good harmony with the catalytic activity results.     

Promotional effect of CeO2 and Y2O3 on CuO/ZrO2 catalysts for methane combustion

Catalytic combustion of methane was conducted by using a Cu-based catalyst prepared by the plasma-assisted impregnation method. The properties of the catalysts were surveyed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR). The results showed that the activity of CuO/ZrO2 with the CeO2 and Y2O3 was obviously increased compared with the CuO/ZrO2 catalyst, which was examined in relation to the structure and surface characteristics and might be correlated with their surface oxygen species and redox properties. Among the investigated catalysts, the Ce-CuO/ZrO2 sample exhibited the highest activity for methane combustion.     

Study on thermal expansion behavior of Dy2O3 - Al2O3 - SiO2 glass

Employing Dy2O3, Al2O3, and SiO2 as starting materials, several series of Dy2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 sealing glass were prepared. The relationship between their coefficients of thermal expansion and the contents of Dy2O3, Al2O3, and SiO2 were studied respectively. Experimental results showed that Dy2O3 and Al2O3 had a positive effect on the coefficient of thermal expansion of glass, whereas, SiO2 had a negative effect. The coefficient of thermal expansion of glass showed an apparent linear relation to the contents of these three raw materials, from which an estimation model was built, to calculate the coefficient of thermal expansion of sealing glass. Relative errors of the calculating results to testing results were no more than 2%, which suggested that the estimation model was reasonable. This study provides a good theory reference for the practical utilizing of this sealing material, through which a proper glass composition for good sealing could be easily found.     

SnCl2－HgCl2－K2Cr2O7容量法测定的矿石中TFe时HgCl2用量的选择

为了保持应用已久的有汞测铁经典方法中的许多优点而减轻HgCl2对环境的污染的缺点,对方法中HgCl2的用量由5m^[1]减少为2ml进行理论上的探讨,并以试验结果加以论证。     

Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Methane over Ni/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3

Nickel catalysts supported on CeO2-ZrO2-CeO2,ZrO2-Al2O3 and Al2O3 were prepared and characterized by means of X-ray diffraction（XRD）,BET areas,H2 temperature-programmed reduction（H2-TPR）,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）.Through the test of catalytic partial oxidation of methane（CPOM）,Ni/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3 displayed the highest activity,which resulted from its largest BET area and best NiO dispersion.Furthermore,Ni/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3 maintained a long-time stability in CPOM,which was attributed to its best coking resistance among all the prepared catalysts.     

Superconducting Transition Temperature in YBa2Cu4O8/La2/3 Ca1/3 MnO3 / YBa2 Cu4O8 Heterostructure

YBa2Cu4O8/La2/3 Ca1/3 MnO3/YBa2Cu4O8 （ Y-124/LCMO/Y- 124） heterostructure was prepared by facing-target sputtering technique. The oscillatory superconducting transition temperature was observed when the thickness of LCMO d L is larger than critical thickness d L^CR. The metal-insulator transition temperature can only be detected at d L 〉 d L^CR. The dependence on the spacer layer in LCMO/Y-124 systems suggests strongly the interplay of ferromagnetic and superconducting couplings.     

Effect of CeO2 nanoparticle sizes on catalytic performances of sulfated CeO2/Al2O3 catalyst in NH3-SCR reaction

The sulfated CeO₂/Al₂O₃ catalysts with different sizes of CeO₂ nanoparticles were prepared by using pure H₂O or acetic acid solution as impregnation solvent, and the influence of sizes of CeO₂ nanoparticles on the catalytic performances of the sulfated CeO₂/Al₂O₃ catalyst was studied. The catalytic performance tests show that the sulfated CeO₂/Al₂O₃ catalyst using a...     

Effects of La2O3/Li2O/TiO2- Coating on Electrochemical Performance of LiCoO2 Cathode

Conventional cathode material （LiCoO2） was modified by coating with a thin layer of La2O3/Li2O/TiO2 for improving its performance for lithium ion battery. The morphology and structure of the modified cathode material was characterized by SEM, XRD, and Auger electron spectroscopy. The performance of the cells with the modified cathode material was examined, including the cycling stability, the diffusion coefficient under different voltages, and the C-rate discharge. The results showed that the cell composed of the coated cathode material discharged at a large current density, and possesses a stable cycle performance in the range from 3.0 to 4.4 V. It was explained that the rate of Li ion diffusion increased in the cell while using La2O3/Li2O/TiO2-coated LiCoO2 as the cathode and the coating layer may act as a faster ion conductor （La2O3/Li2O/TiO2）.     

Ta2O5及Nb2O5氟含量的控制研究

以钽液和铌液为原料,经过氨气中和沉淀-洗涤-烘干-煅烧等工序制得Ta2O5、Nb2O5粉末,研究了洗水量、煅烧时间对产品氟含量的影响规律。结果表明,钽、铌氧化物与氢氟酸气氛接触一段时间后氟含量增加,由此可将Ta2O5、Nb2O5中的氟含量控制在0.07%～0.12%,满足国外光纤领域对钽铌氧化物的应用要求。     

Al2O3/ZrO2层状复合陶瓷的研究

用辊轧工艺,在最佳成分配比及烧结制度下,制备了Al₂O₃/20%Al₂O₃(nm)+20%ZrO₂+60%Al₂O₃(μm)/Al₂O₃层状复合陶瓷.通过断裂韧性的测定,发现层状复合的断裂韧性值比无层状复合的Al₂O₃或ZrO₂增韧Al₂O₃有很大的提高,利用扫描电镜(SEM)对层状复合的微观结构进行了观察,讨论了层状复合的增韧机制和ZrO₂诱发微裂纹的机理,同时观察到层状复合断裂的典型特征为台阶状断裂。     

Fe-TiB2/Al2O3复合阴极的电解性能及元素迁移行为

以氧化铝溶胶为黏结剂、金属Fe为烧结助剂, 采用冷压-烧结制备出铝电解用Fe-TiB₂/Al₂O₃复合阴极材料, 利用20A电解试验研究其电解性能; 利用能谱仪(EDS) 对电解试验前后的复合阴极材料进行了成分物相分析, 研究电解过程中各种元素迁移行为.研究结果表明: 金属Fe作为烧结助剂在烧结过程中能有效的填充骨料之间的空隙, 使该复合阴极材料的烧结致密度显著提高; 20 A电解试验过程电压稳定, 电流效率93. 2%, 原铝中铝元素质量分数为99. 47%, 杂质元素质量分数为0. 53%.在电解试验后, 铝液能有效润湿阴极表面, 表明Fe-TiB₂/Al₂O₃复合阴极材料具有较理想的可润湿性; 从复合阴极电解后的能谱分析可知, 在电解过程中, 碱金属主要是通过液态电解质渗透进入阴极材料中, 随后又逐渐渗透进入黏结剂相中, 并在骨料之间氧化铝溶胶和金属烧结助剂均未能充分填充的空隙进行富集. K元素较Na元素对黏结相的渗透力更强; 与此同时, 阴极表面生成的Al通过复合材料的空隙进入阴极内部, 而Fe金属会利用材料内部的空隙反向扩散至铝液层中.在试验中, 阴极表面的铝液层的稳定存在是该阴极高效稳定运行的基础.      

CaO含量对CaF2-Al2O3-CaO-Ce2O3渣系中Ce2O3行为的影响

在Fe-Cr-Al合金中添加微量的稀土元素可显著改善合金的使用性能, 文中以电渣重熔生产Fe-Cr-Al合金所用稀土渣为研究对象, 根据离子-分子共存理论(IMCT)建立了1 823 K时CaF₂-Al₂O₃-CaO-Ce₂O₃四元渣系热力学质量作用浓度模型.结果表明:当渣系中CaO和Al₂O₃的质量百分数之比维持在1:1, 即w_CaO /w_Al2O3=1时, 随着Ce₂O₃含量增加, 渣中铈铝酸盐Ce₂O₃·Al₂O₃质量作用浓度(活度)显著增加, 但炉渣物相种类没有变化.渣系中Ce₂O₃含量分别在10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %时, w_CaO /w_Al2O3值对组元活度的影响各不相同但有共同特征, 表现在处于约1.0~1.8时, CaO活度增加最迅速, Ce₂O₃活度增加, Ce₂O₃·Al₂O₃活度下降, 说明渣中CaO含量增加促进了Ce₂O₃·Al₂O₃分解而导致Ce₂O₃活度增加, 选取渣系进行熔融和X射线衍射实验, 用jade 5.0软件分析物相, 实验结果与计算一致.      

Fe表面纳微结构对Fe2O3流态化还原过程黏结失流的影响

利用可视流化床分别研究了Fe₂O₃和Fe粉在流化过程中黏结失流发生的过程.结果表明,Fe₂O₃在惰性气氛中流化不发生黏结失流,而在还原气氛中发生黏结失流,且黏结发生时间恰好是铁晶核析出的初始阶段.Fe颗粒在还原和惰性气氛中流化均出现黏结失流现象.铁的生成是产生黏结的前提条件.当Fe颗粒流化温度从700℃升高到750℃时,黏结临界时间提前了11min,表明金属铁的表面特性是导致黏结的主要内因.扫描电镜分析表明,Fe和Fe₂O₃表面形成的纳微结构是导致Fe₂O₃流化还原黏结失流的重要因素.     

CeO2包覆对TiO2传感器材料的氧敏性能的影响

针对CeO2具有良好的催化性和稳定性,以及TiO2的优良的氧敏特性,采用溶及－凝胶法制备CeO包覆TiO2S材料,并在自行设计的实验装置中对材料进行了氧化敏制试。该材料的温度系数低于纯TiO2材料,且氧敏性能比纯TiO2材料显著提高,其原因在于壳层中CeO颗粒为氧离子进出包覆体内的TiO2提供通道,并利用CeO储、放氧能力,促进TiO2电导率变化。