光栅激光告警系统中信号光与天空光的能量分析

为了在天空背景下实时测量宽波段脉冲激光波长和方向,提出了使用闪耀光栅衍射测量脉冲激光波长和方向的方法.用傅立叶变换分析天空背景和脉冲激光的光谱分布.通过对透射率函数的傅立叶级数展开,得到光栅衍射谱线的强度,对信号光谱线的最小强度、背景光谱线的最大强度和噪声强度的比较,得到设计的可行性.光路主要由特制光栅、柱面镜以及CCD探测器构成.     

太阳光下可调谐激光脉冲的波长和入射方向的实时测试和系统研究

提出了在恶劣环境条件下,应用衍射光栅测量宽波长范围可调谐脉冲激光波长和入射方向的实时测试方法,并设计了实验系统,在该实验系统中,光电传感器采用了ATMEL公司的50 MHz线阵探测器,由高速度数字信号处理器TMS320VC5509处理该传感器获得的信号,获得入射激光的波长和入射方向,实验结果表明,该系统能达到10ns的波长分辩率和1(°)的角度分辩率;该测试方法可用在相干探测激光告警接收机中.     

飞秒激光烧蚀材料表面产生纳米波纹结构的实验

利用飞秒脉冲激光烧蚀可以获得远小于激光中心波长（775nm）量级的周期条纹．通过多脉冲飞秒激光烧蚀Ni、Al、Cu、Ti和Si等材料表面的实验,得到材料表面产生光栅的周期均小于飞秒激光中心波长;采用对比实验,改变入射光的偏振特性,发现波纹周期方向随入射光偏振方向的改变而改变;不改变激光偏振态、脉冲能量为4．2J／cm^2时,沿波纹周期走向,发现平台移动速度为0．1mm／s时,可获得清晰的551nm的金属周期结构;最后应用上述实验结果,在铜片表面制备了长为几十微米、周期为551nm的微纳光栅结构。     

激光损伤的光散射法判别研究

在激光损伤测量系统中,利用光散射法判别激光薄膜损伤,需要寻求光源和探测器之间的最佳位置。为此,在不同损伤激光脉冲能量、不同测量入射角度(0°,30°,45°,60°)和不同探测器距离(200,250 mm)条件下,研究了损伤点散射光能量的角分布。获得结果如下:在相同的探测角度上,散射光能量随着损伤面积和测试光入射角度增加而增加。在探测角度小于反射角度时,随着探测角度增加散射光能量逐渐变强;当探测角度大于反射角度后,随着散射角度增加散射光能量逐渐变弱。散射光相对能量在反射光方向附近出现极大值;在60°入射时,散射光相对能量具有最大值;探测距离在200 mm时,最大散射光相对能量大于探测距离在250 mm时。根据以上结论,可以确定在利用光散射判别损伤的测量系统中,探测器应放置在反射光方向的两侧,并且尽量增加测试光入射角度和缩小探测器与样片间距离。     

具有高空间分辨力的位相型光瞳滤波式差动共焦测量法

提出一种新的改善光触针类测量传感器空间分辨力的位相型差动共焦测量方法.该方法通过具有横向超分辨能力的位相型光瞳滤波器最大程度地改善共焦测量系统的横向分辨力,通过差动共焦测量法改善共焦测量系统的轴向分辨力,最终提高共焦测量系统空间分辨能力.理论分析和实验表明,当入射激光束波长λ=632.8 nm、测量物镜数值孔径NA=0.85、uM=4时,该方法的横向分辨力优于0.2μm,轴向分辨力优于2 nm.该方法可用于表面微观轮廓及微小尺度的超精密测量.     

脉冲激光光谱测试仪的设计

设计了一种基于ISP技术的线阵CCD的驱动电路和高速脉冲光谱数据采集卡,建立了一套智能化脉冲激光光谱测试系统。该系统主要由分光系统、CCD传感器、光脉冲同步信号发生器、数据采集卡及计算机等部分组成。CCD将光强信号转换为电信号输出,经A/D转换器转换后的数字信号存入数据采集卡的帧存储器中,由计算机控制进行光谱数据的分析、处理。提出了用重心法对脉冲激光器的重复频率进行评估的方法,使测量精度达到了亚像素级。对系统所用脉冲激光器谱线峰值波长的复现性进行了测量,其标准差为0.0327nm。     

高斯激光对红外成像制导系统的干扰效果分析

考虑激光器系统像差、大气湍流、跟踪测量设备的跟瞄误差以及激光光轴的抖动误差等诸因素的影响,以激光辐照在红外成像制导系统探测器光敏面的功率(能量)密度参数作为衡量高斯激光干扰效果的评价指标,结合探测器自身致眩阈值,提出了一套高斯激光最大干扰距离的估算方法。以高功率脉冲CO2激光干扰导弹红外导引头为例,计算了不同激光发射功率下的最大干扰距离。结果表明,激光最大干扰距离随着脉冲激光峰值发射功率的增大而增大,这种变化趋势随激光峰值功率的增大而趋于平缓,而且激光正入射的干扰效果要优于斜入射情况。     

新型高分辨率紫外-可见成像光谱仪波长定标系统设计

限于常规波长定标的局限性,构建了高分辨率紫外-可见成像光谱仪波长定标装置.该系统主要由具有高稳定性的300W氙灯系统、前置施瓦兹型聚光镜、高光谱分辨力的中阶梯光栅单色仪以及后置光学系统组成.利用ZEMAX光学设计软件,对该中阶梯光栅单色仪光学系统进行了优化设计.对设计结果进行了分析,设计结果表明,所设计的高分辨率紫外-可见成像光谱仪波长定标装置满足设计指标要求,扫描光谱范围270～500 nm,光谱分辨力小于0.05 nm,波长精度小于0.05 nm.     

动态测量光栅测长仪的位置误差

介绍了一种光栅测量系统动态位置精度评定的方法,以现有的光栅测长仪为研究对象,高精度HP5529A双频激光干涉仪作为校准系统.利用光栅测长仪编码器产生的A-quad-B脉冲信号触发激光干涉仪进行同步动态数据采集,由激光干涉仪软件来获取和显示位置误差数据,并绘制更真实详细的动态误差图.最后对动态误差实验结果进行分析和讨论.     

利用线阵CCD实现宽波段、大视场短脉冲激光波长的远场测量

介绍了一种利用线阵ＣＣＤ实现宽波段、大视场脉冲激光波长及方向远场测量的原理和实验装置；对强烈背景下激光信号的提取与处理方法进行了理论分析和实验研究，给出了系统信噪比与探测器件工作频率的理论公式；最后简要介绍了远场实验和测试结果     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to