Protein fractions and total proteins in serum of rats on high fat diets]

This paper deals with the behaviour of serum protein fractions in rats fed 22 resp. 52 weeks a 50% or 3% fat diet using Millipore electrophoresis. The total serum protein concentration was also estimated. In rats on the high-fat diet the albumin fraction significantly dropped, while elevated levels of alpha 1- and gamma-globulin fraction were found. Serum protein content was slightly elevated in rats fed the diet 22 weeks, but this elevation was only significant after 52 weeks feeding. Within the same diet group there were no significant differences observed.     

肌醇磷脂对高脂血症大鼠血脂的影响

目的:探究肌醇磷脂是否具有降血脂功效。方法:建立高脂动物模型,给实验大鼠灌胃灌胃不同浓度的肌醇磷脂样品(105mg/kg·BW、210 mg/kg·BW、420 mg/kg·BW),同时设立阳性对照组,灌胃与中剂量等量的卵磷脂。饲养8周后,股动脉取血后检测各项相关指标。结果:与模型组相比,高剂量组血清中的总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和非高密度脂蛋白(non-HDL-C)指标均有极显著地降低(P<0.01)。与空白组相比,模型组血清和肝脏中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平显著降低(P<0.05),血清和肝脏中丙二醛(MDA)含量极显著增加(P<0.01);与模型组相比,剂量组血清和肝脏中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平显著降低(P<0.05),血清和肝脏中丙二醛(MDA)含量极显著增加(P<0.05)。与阳性对照组相比,剂量组各指标均无显著性。结论:肌醇磷脂对高脂血大鼠血脂水平有降低作用,同时具有抑制脂质过氧化的作用。同时肌醇磷脂的降血脂效果与卵磷脂相当。     

煎炸花生油中的总极性组分对脂质代谢的影响

花生油在煎炸过程中发生一系列化学反应,产生了氧化甘油三酯、聚合甘油三酯和游离脂肪酸等极性大于甘油三酯的极性组分。用煎炸花生油的极性组分处理人肝癌细胞(HepG2),通过油红染色评估细胞内脂肪的含量,通过RT-PCR测量与脂质合成密切相关的基因(SREBP-1c、FAS、ACC、HMGCR)的mRNA相对表达含量评估脂质代谢情况。结果表明:随着极性组分的增多,细胞内脂肪含量明显增多;在极性组分质量浓度为2. 0 mg/mL时,SREBP-1c、FAS、ACC的mRNA水平分别增加为对照组的2. 95±0. 08(P 0. 05)、3. 24±0. 16(P 0. 05)、1. 77±0. 18(P 0. 05)倍,表明花生油中的极性组分会上调脂质合成相关基因的表达,进而导致HepG2细胞的脂质聚积。研究结果说明煎炸花生油中的极性组分在细胞层面导致脂质代谢紊乱。     

Prediction of total body lipid from total body water in rats. Part 2. In vivo estimation of total body lipid by tritium water dilution

Body composition data estimated for normal young, normal adult, and adult obese Wistar rats by a tritiated water (THO) dilution procedure (b. wt. range 119–237 g, n=31; 305–597 g, n=43; 274–381 g, n=6) were compared with the results of whole body analysis. As for the predicted total body lipid (TBL), the content was calculated from the virtual THO-dilution space estimated by a simple micro-method and a regression equation between TBL [%] and DM [%] (dry matter) content (Part 1. Relations between directly measured major body components. Nahrung 35 (1991) 581. Due to different degrees of overestimations in the animal groups examined, the THO-space can be corrected via subtraction of 3.8 %, 2.2 % and 1.1 % in the sequence young, obese, and adult groups. The derived TBL [%] data show a non-significant deviation of less than 1 g/100 g b. wt. in comparison to the three group means after direct lipid determinations. In the best case, i. e. after the additional elimination of extremely overestimated values for total body water (outliers) the combined tritium-derived lipid values (y) are correlated with the lipid data obtained analytically (x), both as proportion of the body weight, by the regression equation y = 0.848 + 0.963 x, r=0.985, s_y·x=1.77, n=58. For a group of young rats (n=14) after a pre-experimental supplementation with a sucrose solution, TBL values, not significantly different from analytically determined ones, could be calculated without any corrections.     

慕萨莱思葡萄酒对高脂血症SD大鼠血脂的影响

为探讨慕萨莱思葡萄酒对高脂饮食诱导的高脂血症SD大鼠血脂调节的影响,选用SD大鼠,通过高脂饲料饲喂建立高脂模型,分别灌胃慕萨莱思（3 mL/kg、6 mL/kg、9 mL/kg）、脱酒精慕萨莱思（9 mL/kg）、生理盐水（9 mL/kg）、酒精（11%vol）,全部SD大鼠连续灌胃给药4周后检测血清中总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）含量,并计算致动脉硬化指数（AI）和肝脏指数。结果显示,慕萨莱思高中低剂量组和慕萨莱思脱酒精组能显著降低高脂血SD大鼠血清内TC、TG、LDL-C含量、显著降低AI和肝脏指数（P＜0.05）。慕萨莱思脱酒精组、慕萨莱思中剂量组效果较好（TC（1.58 mmol/L/1.6 mmol/L）、TG（0.77 mmol/L/1.05 mmol/L）、LDL-C（0.49 mmol/L/0.65 mmol/L））,酒精组（11%vol）无明显效果。     

Prediction of total body lipid from total body water in rats. Part 2. In vivo estimation of total body lipid by tritium water dilution.

Body composition data estimated for normal young, normal adult, and adult obese Wistar rats by a tritiated water (THO) dilution procedure (b. wt. range 119-237 g, n = 31; 305-597 g, n = 43; 274-381 g, n = 6) were compared with the results of whole body analysis. As for the predicted total body lipid (TBL), the content was calculated from the virtual THO-dilution space estimated by a simple micro-method and a regression equation between TBL [%] and DM [%] (dry matter) content (Part 1. Relations between directly measured major body components. Nahrung 35 (1991) 581. Due to different degrees of overestimations in the animal groups examined, the THO-space can be corrected via subtraction of 3.8%, 2.2% and 1.1% in the sequence young, obese, and adult groups. The derived TBL [%] data show a non-significant deviation of less than 1 g/100 g b. wt. in comparison to the three group means after direct lipid determinations. In the best case, i. e. after the additional elimination of extremely overestimated values for total body water (outliers) the combined tritium-derived lipid values (y) are correlated with the lipid data obtained analytically (x), both as proportion of the body weight, by the regression equation y = 0.848 + 0.963 x, r = 0.985, Sy.x = 1.77, n = 58. For a group of young rats (n = 14) after a pre-experimental supplementation with a sucrose solution, TBL values, not significantly different from analytically determined ones, could be calculated without any corrections.     

Effect of different dietary brans on lipid metabolism in male albino rats

Male albino rats were fed different dietary brans at 20% level for two months to study their effect on lipid metabolism. Wheat and corn brans significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased the serum cholesterol level while chickpea bran significantly (P less than 0.05) lowered the liver and heart cholesterol concentrations. Significant (P less than 0.05) reduction was observed in liver and heart triglyceride with all brans. Wheat, corn and chickpea brans fed at 20% level had no significant effect on serum triglyceride concentration.     

Effect of grape seed oil supplementation on plasma lipid profiles in rats

The purpose of the study was to investigate the comparative effects of feeding of grape seed oil (GSO), soybean oil (SO), and lard on plasma lipid profile in rats. Lard fed diets increased body weight gain in rats and resulted in negative effects on lipoprotein metabolism. However, the GSO fed rats had a significant reduction in total cholesterol (TC, 60.6 mg/dL), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC, 16.8 mg/dL), and atherogenic index (AI, 0.9), and the ratio of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) to TC (0.5) was significantly higher than those of SO and lard groups. These data suggest that GSO supplementation has significant health benefits through favorable alterations in plasma lipid profiles compared to SO and lard fed rats. GSO may be good dietary oil and may provide health benefits in hyperlipidemia and related complications.     

Effect of maturity on the amino acid profiles of total and nitrogen fractions in common vetch forage

In this study the crude protein of common vetch forage (Vicia sativa L) was partitioned into five fractions, following the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS), and the amino acid profile of each fraction was determined. The effect of plant maturity was also considered, with herbage being harvested at the stages of onset of flowering, onset of pod formation and full pod formation. Soluble amino acid N (fraction A plus fraction B₁) accounted for a high proportion of the total amino acid N, with values ranging from 72% (full pod formation) to 58% (onset of flowering). The contribution of fraction B₁ (soluble true protein) to the soluble amino acid fraction was considerably greater than that of fraction A (non‐protein nitrogen). Fraction B₂, which is composed of those amino acids with an intermediate rate of ruminal degradation, constituted less than 36% of the total amino acid N, with values that decreased with plant maturity. Most individual amino acids showed lower concentrations, expressed as g kg⁻¹ DM, in fraction B₂ than in fraction B₁. Amino acids of very low degradation rate (fraction B₃) made little contribution to the total amino acid N, with values ranging from 7.3 to 3.1% throughout the harvesting stages. Fraction C (unavailable amino acids) only represented between 3.9 and 3.1% of the total amino acid N. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

黄酒对高血脂大鼠血清总胆固醇含量的影响

通过动物实验，对黄酒的降血清胆固醇功能进行了初步研究。给雄性SD成年大鼠喂高胆固醇饲料，造成高血脂动物模型，再给模型鼠按不同剂量灌喂浓缩的黄酒。结果显示，黄酒浓缩物具有降血清胆固醇的作用。     

Effect of total mixed ration composition on amino acid profiles of different fractions of ruminal microbes in vitro

The objective was to study the variation in the amino acid profile of microbial fractions obtained after feeding 16 total mixed rations for dairy cows in a Rusitec. Each ration was incubated for 15 d in 3-fold replicate. The rations showed high variation in the inclusion level of different ingredients and the content of proximal nutrients, fiber fractions, and energy. Three microbial fractions were isolated by centrifugation. The reference microbes (RM) were isolated from the liquid effluent of vessels between d 7 and 15 of incubation. Solid-associated microbes (SAM) were detached with methylcellulose from feed residues after incubation, and liquid-associated microbes (LAM) were obtained from the liquid content of the vessel. Both SAM and LAM were obtained only once for each vessel at the end of the incubation period. Across all rations, significant differences were found between RM, LAM, and SAM in amino acid concentration for some, but not all, amino acids. Within each microbial fraction, significant differences in the content of amino acids were found between rations. Multiple linear regression analysis did not show that the content of a certain nutrient or the inclusion rate of single feedstuffs could be used to predict the amino acid profile of microbial protein with an adequate level of accuracy. Further studies are necessary before the supply of individual microbial amino acids to the cows’ duodenum can be modeled and predicted in dependence of diet data.     

沙棘油软胶囊辅助降血脂功能研究

采用16周龄雄性Wistar大鼠作为试验动物,给予高脂饲料建立高血脂症模型,同时给予不同剂量(0.15、0.3、0.9 g/(kg·d))的沙棘油软胶囊,喂养28 d后测定大鼠血清中甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇( HDL -C)以及大鼠体重在试验前后的变化,以考察沙棘油软胶囊在大鼠形成高血脂症过程中对血脂的影响.试验结果表明,喂饲沙棘油软胶囊的低、中和高剂量组大鼠TG、TC水平显著低于高脂模型对照组(P＜0.05),对大鼠HDL -C水平无显著影响(P＞0.05).沙棘油软胶囊具有辅助降血脂的功能.     

Effect of sucrose on lipid metabolism in rats: confirmation of the disaccharide effect

Disaccharide effect of sucrose on lipid metabolism was confirmed in male Wistar rats (initial weight 119-127 g). The rats were given rations containing either sucrose (30% of total caloric++ value), or invert sugar, or starch only (control). The duration of the dietary period was 40 days. To study lipid metabolism the rats were injected i. p. with 1-14C-glucose and 3H-palmitic acid. 14C-radioactivity increased in the total lipid of serum and epididymal adipose tissue, in liver phospholipids and mostly in liver neutral lipids with the saccharose-supplemented diet but not with invert sugar-supplemented diet. In contrast, 3H-radioactivity in liver phospholipids decreased in rats that were given saccharose, no changes were recorded in the animals fed with invert sugar or starch.     

DHA对大鼠脏器、生化指标及脂质过氧化的影响

采用SD大鼠,按体重随机分为3组:对照组、DHA小剂量组(300mg/kg)、DHA大剂量组(1000mg/kg),灌胃3个月后测定各组大鼠体重、主要脏器、血液生化指标及脂质过氧化指标。结果表明:大剂量组大鼠肝脏、肾脏、睾丸的脏器系数比升高,与对照组比有显著性差异,且肝脏SOD、MDA升高,血液中TG、AST下降,ALT升高,与对照组比均有显著性差异,小剂量组血液AST也下降,呈现显著性差异,肝脏HE染色未发现透明空泡,油红染色无红色脂滴,因此未发生特异性病理改变。实验结果,DHA对大鼠无明显的毒副作用,但大剂量组生化指标显示肝脏可能发生轻微病变,结果还有待于进一步论证。     

功能性大豆发酵食品对大鼠血脂代谢的影响

研究功能性大豆发酵食品对大鼠血脂代谢的影响.采用4周龄SD大鼠40只,随机分为4组,各组分别按不同食品组自由进食,连续6周.试验结束时,收集血液,离心得到血清,用于测定各组血清脂蛋白的含量;同时摘除肝脏称重.6周期间4组大鼠均呈现良好的持续性增长、肝脏重量各组之间不存在显著性差异(P>0.05);大鼠血清中的总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、磷脂的含量以及AI值与相应的对照组相无显著性差异(P>0.05);中性脂肪的含量,功能食品组正常对照组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05); 功能性大豆发酵食品对大鼠血脂胆固醇变化虽不存在显著性下降,但中性脂肪变化却存在显著性下降,由此可以判断本试验中的功能食品对减肥、预防肥胖有效果.虽然血清中的胆固醇浓度受其它内在因素的影响,但这些功能食品也对血清胆固醇有不可忽略的作用.     

The effect of nutritional factors on lipid peroxidation in the microsomes of rats of varying ages]

5-month- (mature) and 24-month-old (old) male Wag rats were examined for lipid peroxidation products and antioxidant enzymes activity in the liver cytosol. Imbalanced rations are shown to contribute to enhancement of lipid peroxidation entailing accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and inhibition of antioxidant enzymatic activity. Enrichment of food with antioxidant vitamins and fibers leads to lowering of age-related peroxidation.