基于MIKE11的排涝融合模型在城市圩区应用探讨

文章分析了城市排涝常见问题与排涝计算存在的不足,考虑城市雨水管网和内河及泵站排涝系统,探讨利用Mike11软件构建排涝融合模型,进行水动力计算,模拟城市圩区完整排涝过程,解决了雨水管网、排涝河道、排涝泵站的衔接问题,使排涝计算更加精细和准确,为城市圩区竖向标高、河道涝水位、泵站规模及排水防涝调度等方案优化提供支撑,为排涝规划提供较好的基础,并可对海绵城市建设对防涝安全的影响效应进行定量评估。     

排水干道水位控制的优化问题

在平原圩区,排水干道水位的控制,不仅关系到农田排水效果,而且影响到排水系统的工程投资及其运行费用,因而是圩区除涝规划中需要解决的重要问题之一。本文应用动态规划理论,探讨了一个解决排水干道水位控制优化问题的方法,并附有计算实例。计算成果表明该法是可行的。     

阳澄淀泖区圩区排涝对区域防洪的影响分析

阳澄淀泖区属于典型的平原河网地区,河湖密布,地势低洼。为了抵御洪水,区域内建成大小联圩366个,约占总面积的50%。圩区建设是平原河网低洼地区的重要防洪排涝措施,但随着圩区规模的扩大、防洪排涝标准的不断提高,使得骨干河道洪水位上升,对区域防洪产生重要影响。以实测资料和圩区现状调查为基础,构建了能反映现状河网、圩区分布、圩区调度的数学模型,定量分析了圩区排涝对区域防洪影响。所建立的数学模型及对圩区排涝对区域防洪的影响分析可为阳澄淀泖区的洪水计算、防洪规划、圩区建设提供理论依据。     

金山区枫泾镇西部地区除涝问题及对策措施探讨

探索金山区枫泾镇西部地区除涝问题的解决方法研究结论表明,圩区建设是解决问题的主要对策,圩区选取适当的控制范围也是必要的。文章从现状除涝状况出发,结合已有相关规划,分析存在问题,提出两种圩区建设方案并进行比选,通过"蓄满产流"方式设计圩区的排涝能力,明确圩区泵闸布局。研究结果具有一定的实践意义。     

水库在中心镇建设中的防洪作用

我省中心镇防洪建设将日益紧迫,中心镇防洪建设做好科学规划工作很重要。该文结合当前中心镇防洪规划工作,从水文学的角度,探讨水库调蓄对小流域汇流特性的影响,分析论证水库在中心镇建设中的防洪作用。     

紫禁城近600年无暴雨积水思考

通过对紫禁城近600年无暴雨积水研究,回顾新中国成立后,北京水建设尤其是排水设施建设的历程,60多年依然沥涝频发,灾情不断,感悟颇深。北京的防洪排水是个复杂的系统工程。史料证实,水灾是北京最大的自然灾害。灾害性天气是北京特殊自然地理环境形成的。当今"内陆城市"的北京城,非常需要一个宽深、快捷的行洪排水通道。落实前三门护城河"远期应予以恢复"的规划,势必与旧城街区改造、通惠河一体化整治、再生水源建设相结合,将为彻底解决城中心区行洪排水创造条件。同时,对提升北京的地位、形象、改善生态环境、美化市容景观,以及再生水利用等各方面具有显著作用。应抓住当今空前大好时机,运用现代科技实力,在古都城中心区创建一条"北京运河"。     

石家庄出台《城市排水管理条例》

正《石家庄市城市排水管理条例》(以下简称"条例")将于2014年8月1日正式施行。作为河北省第一部城市排水管理条例,主要针对加强城市内涝防治、雨污水排放管理、排水施工行政部门提前介入防路面塌陷、明确公共排水设施管理主体4方面问题加以解决。"条例"一是从规划层面作出要求,明确地将内涝防治纳入城市排水专业规划。二是规定新建、改建、扩建市政基础设施工程应当配套建设雨水收集利用设施,削减雨水径流,提高城市内涝防治能力。依附于城市道路建设城市公共排水设施的,应当与城市道路综合交通规划和年度建设计划相协调,与城市道路同步建设。     

平原河网地区圩区建设与规划的几点思考

太湖流域属平原河网地区,圩区是太湖流域的基本单元,地势低洼,水网纵横,易遭受洪涝威胁灾害,圩区治理是保障流域人民生活生产安全的重要措施之一。在此简单回顾了太湖流域圩区的历史和现状,从流域防洪整体安全的角度,初步探讨了太湖流域圩区治理存在的几点问题,针对圩区建设与规划提出几点建议意见,为平原河网地区圩区建设与规划提供参考。     

南京“海绵城市”规划获批 将新建5条雨水行洪通道

<正>《南京市海绵城市专项规划》获市政府批复。2017年9月7日从南京市规划局获悉,根据该规划要求,南京将新建5条雨水行洪通道,通过海绵城市的建设,南京将实现"小雨不积水、大雨不内涝、暴雨不成灾"的目标。这份专项规划要求实现蓄排结合,形成完善的排水防涝体系。南京城区25个排涝片区规划了共148条雨     

“第三届城市排涝与雨洪利用技术研讨会”预通知

正近年来,灾害性城市暴雨事件频发,"逢雨必涝"一再上演,城市内涝触目惊心,引起全社会普遍关注。当前正是我国城镇化率突破50%的关键历史时期,保障城市水安全,建设和发展可持续的城市雨水系统,至关重要。为了应对城市内涝,近两年来多项政策、标准相继出台,《室外排水设计规范》再次修编,政府、管理、规划、设计、运行等多方面共同努力,已经取得一定成效。然而,城市防洪排涝与城市规划、排水系统设计、管系设计标准、政策以及后期管理等诸多因素相关,要根治城市内涝,仍然任重道远。作为业内创刊最早的核心期刊,《给水排水》杂志持续关注城市内涝问题,已成功举办了两届"城市排涝与雨洪利用技术研讨会",反响热烈。本届会议作为《给水排水》创刊50周年系列庆祝活动之一,将以"城市防涝系统规划与设计的细节"为主题,重点探讨防涝规划与标准如何实施、《室外排水设计规范》的再次修编、如何利用工程手段提高城市排涝能力、可持续城市雨水系统建设等问题。会议将邀请住房与城乡建设部门相关领导,设计、科研、高校、运营、建设单位的工程技术人员和设备生产企业参会。     

Application of the Distributed Hydrological Model,TOPNET, to the Big Darby Creek Watershed,Ohio, USA

Evaluation of the applicability and utility of watershed hydrologic models in different hydro-geologic and soil conditions is necessary for a range of spatial scales and to assess the utility of these models as watershed water resources management tools. This study presents the application of the hydrological model TOPNET to the Big Darby Creek watershed, Ohio, United States. It focuses on the simulation modeling of stream flow in the watershed based on meteorological data for the eight year period of 1992–1999. Visual comparison of time series plots and statistical measures namely, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NS), coefficient of correlation (R²), and the percent bias (PBIAS) were used to assess the model performance. The statistical model evaluation results indicated that the model has a relatively high confidence and can give a good representation of the flow hydrographs for the watershed. For the calibration period simulations of annual stream flow were accurate with a mean R² and NS of 86% and 85% for the Big Darby at Darbyville gaging station. For the little Darby at West Jefferson gaging station a mean R² of 81% was obtained while the NS averaged 78%. Further analysis based on the aggregation of the water years into wet seasons and dry seasons, the model was also able to adequately simulate stream flow for both gaging stations and for both low flow periods and high flow periods. Statistical analysis for the validation period also yielded high R² values of 88% and 83% for the Darby at Big Darby at Darbyville gaging station and Little Darby at West Jefferson gaging station respectively. The worst PBIAS obtained for both calibration and validation period was 18% and this is better than recommended values for satisfactory daily simulations of ±25% for PBIAS. The encouraging simulation results obtained in this study shows the utility and usefulness of the TOPNET model in hydrological modeling and ultimately as a water resources management tool.     

Investigating the invasion of the nonindigenous zooplankter, Eubosmina coregoni, in Lake Winnipeg,Manitoba, Canada

The spread of nonindigenous species (NIS) over land and via interconnecting water bodies is threatening aquatic ecosystems worldwide. This study examines the invasion of the first known NIS zooplankter, Eubosmina coregoni, into Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Analyses of cladoceran microfossils from a sediment core collected in the North Basin of the lake indicate this species first appeared in sediments dated to the late 1980s. An increase in total cladoceran accumulation rates coupled with increasing N, C, P, and chlorophyll a over the last 40 years provides evidence of eutrophication. Extant samples from fall 2002-2005 indicate that E. coregoni is mainly restricted to the North Basin while Bosmina longirostris is present throughout the lake. Results from this study provide baseline data regarding the invasion and establishment of E. coregoni, a precursor to future NIS that may have substantial ecological and economic impacts on the Lake Winnipeg ecosystem.     

采用新材料 提高工程质量 降低工程成本

北京市怀柔应急备用地下水源工程,由21对水源井、14.4km输水管线、地下水回灌3部分组成,是集电气、机械、自动化、通讯为一体的技术密集型产业.该工程于2002年9月开工,2003年8月30日正式向北京输水,年产水1.2亿m3,日产水33.5万m3,工程通水后为缓解北京水资源紧缺的现状起到了重要作用.不仅取得了一定的经济效益,而且还取得了巨大的社会效益和政治效益.     

强化监管 优化服务 促进行业良性发展

本文在简述浙江省农村水电"十一五"发展概况和"十二五"发展目标的基础上,深入分析了在市场经济体制改革不断深入的大背景下,加快政府职能转变,通过强化监管和优化服务,推进农村水电行业良性发展的必要性。同时,从行业实际出发,阐述了做好监管和服务工作的主要途径。     

湘资沅澧“四水”资源综合管理和开发利用的思考与建议

文章针对湖南省湘资沅澧“四水”管理现状及问题，借鉴省外、国外流域管理利用模式和经验，探讨流域开发管理趋势，并提出综合管理及开发利用建议。     

Effects of drought on the physicochemical,nutrient, and carbon metrics of flows in the Savannah River,Georgia, USA

Hydrological drought has wide-ranging impacts on water quality, nutrient and carbon metrics, and given the uncertainty of climate change and the predicted increased frequency and intensity of drought in the future, investigations into changes induced by drought become increasingly important. This study compared physicochemical parameters (temperature, conductivity, pH and DO), nutrients (TN, NO_X [NO₂ + NO₃], NH₃ and TP) and carbon (TOC and DOC) between hydrological drought conditions (2006–2008) and hydrological normal conditions (2016–2019) at five sites along the lower Savannah River (Georgia, USA). Although we had predicted that water temperatures would increase from drought, we instead found temperature was significantly lower during drought conditions. Levels of pH and DO were significantly higher during drought. Further, TN, TOC and DOC concentrations were significantly lower during drought, but NO_X concentrations were significantly higher during drought. Conductivity varied at the lower river sites, being significantly higher during drought at sites located below the city of Augusta, GA. These complex changes could be attributed to volume reductions coupled with an increase in the percentage of total flow originating from groundwater as well as limnetic reservoir inputs, persistent point source pollution, reduced natural catchment inputs and/or reduced floodplain interactions. The changes that occurred during drought may be disruptive to aquatic life, not only from reduced water quantity but also due to a scarcity of some biologically essential materials and lower food resources, combined with artificially high levels of some other potentially stressful materials.