GaAs/AlGaAs quantum cascade microlasers based on monolithic semiconductor-air Bragg mirrors

Edge emitting GaAs-based quantum cascade microlasers at a wavelength of 9 /spl mu/m were realised by monolithic integration of photonic bandgap mirrors based on deeply etched air-semiconductor Bragg gratings. The shortest operating device with Bragg mirrors on both sides has a cavity length of 180 /spl mu/m.     

Electrical and optical characteristics of n-type-doped distributedBragg mirrors on InP

The development of high reflectivity and low electrical resistivity Bragg mirrors is crucial for the emergence of 1.55-μm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL's). Here, we report on three different n-type-doped semiconductor Bragg mirrors which are all lattice-matched to InP. The material systems are InGaAsP-InP, AlGaInAs-AlInAs, and AlGaAsSb-AlAsSb and the layers are designed for 1.55-μm operation. The influence of the structural and intrinsic properties of the different heterostructures on the electrical resistivity and optical reflectivity is analyzed for the three samples     

Actively modelocked dual-wavelength fiber laser with ultra-low inter-pulse-stream timing jitter

We demonstrate a novel dual-wavelength erbium-fiber laser that uses a single nonlinear-optical loop mirror modulator to simultaneously modelock two cavities with chirped fiber Bragg gratings as end mirrors. We show that this configuration produces synchronized soliton pulse trains with an ultra-low RMS inter-pulse-stream timing jitter of 620 fs enabling application to multiwavelength systems at data rates in excess of 130 Gb/s.     

Improved electrical and thermal properties of InP-AlGaAsSb Bragg mirrors for long-wavelength vertical-cavity lasers

The electrical, thermal and optical properties of n-doped InP-AlGaAsSb 1.5-/spl mu/m Bragg mirrors are reported. A voltage of 10 mV per pair at 1 kA/cm/sup 2/ has been obtained in these mirrors, due to a low conduction band offset. This record electrical performance, combined with a large refractive index contrast (n/sub H//n/sub L/=1.135) and improved thermal properties, makes the combination very promising for long wavelength vertical cavity surface emitting lasers.     

Epitaxial Bragg mirrors for the mid-infrared and their applications

Bragg interference mirrors consisting of stacks of dielectric layers with an optical thickness of a quarter wavelength are of great importance for optoelectronic device applications. For the mid-infrared spectral range mirrors with high reflectivity stop bands are fabricated from combinations of Pb_1−xEu_xTe/EuTe materials by molecular beam epitaxy on BaF₂ substrates. These mirrors designed by the transfer matrix method exhibit reflectivities in excess of 99% by only 3 Bragg mirror layer pairs and very wide stop band regions, reaching a width of up to 60% of the target wavelength. Based on these very efficient mirrors, planar microcavities are demonstrated with an ultra-high effective finesse of up to 1700. Stimulated emission between 3 and 6 μm is obtained by optically pumping a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser containing PbTe quantum wells with Pb_1−xEu_xTe barriers as active medium embedded between two dielectric Bragg mirrors. Depending on the design of the resonator, pulsed laser operation is observed up to 65°C. The enhancement of light absorption in the cavity is used to study the absorption of superlattices containing correlated self-organized PbSe quantum dots.     

Broadband semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors in the1.55-μm wavelength range for pulse generation in fiber lasers

Broadband low-loss semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) in the 1.55-μm wavelength range were monolithically grown by solid source molecular beam epitaxy using a Burstein-Moss blue-shifted Ga_0.47In_0.53As-InP distributed Bragg reflector. Absorbers with fast and slow temporal responses were used to start up and to stabilize a stretched pulse mode-locked fiber laser. Reliable operation at a fundamental repetition rate was obtained without multiple pulse break-up with pulse energy of over 250 pJ     

基于LOA的XPM波长转换信号消光比特性分析

针对线性光放大器(LOA)的结构特点,建立了基于速率方程的模型。使用该模型分析了增益钳制特性和转换后信号的消光比。理论计算结果表明,分布式布拉格反射镜(DBR)形成的垂直光场对增益具有钳制作用。增大DBR的反射率,可以增大LOA的线性输入范围;用于波长转换时,能提高转换信号的消光比。计算结果较好地拟合了文献实验结果。     

啁啾布喇格光栅法布里-珀罗滤波器

为了获得窄的自由光谱范围和可控的精细度,采用了将平行双通道波导用啁啾布喇格光栅完全反向耦合,在耦合区入口处制作解理面反射镜的方法,将光栅色散引入法布里-珀罗腔内,同时保持了解理面反射镜对精细度的控制.得到法布里-珀罗滤波器的自由光谱范围不仅决定于腔长,还决定于色散,通过调整光栅参数获得在大范围内可控的自由光谱范围.数值模拟和分析结果表明,这种啁啾布喇格光栅法布里-珀罗滤波器可以在传统双镜法布里-珀罗滤波器尺寸下获得千倍量级压缩的自由光谱范围,而精细度的调整不影响自由光谱范围.     

Compact 1.55 /spl mu/m room-temperature optically pumped VCSEL using photonic crystal mirror

Reported is the first realisation of a novel vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL), in which one of the Bragg mirrors is entirely replaced by a single-layer photonic crystal mirror (PCM). The presence of the PCM considerably enhances the vertical compactness of the device. Room-temperature singlemode laser emission has been obtained at 1.55 mum by optical pumping (pulsed regime), with a threshold power around 15 mW     

Chirped RF Pulse Generation Based on Optical Spectral Shaping and Wavelength-to-Time Mapping Using a Nonlinearly Chirped Fiber Bragg Grating

Chirped radio-frequency (RF) pulse generation based on optical spectral shaping and nonlinear wavelength-to-time mapping in a nonlinearly chirped fiber Bragg grating (NLCFBG) is investigated. In the proposed approach, the spectrum of a femtosecond pulse generated by a mode-locked fiber laser is shaped by an optical filter that has a sinusoidal frequency response. The spectrum-shaped optical pulse is sent to the NLCFBG, to implement nonlinear wavelength-to-time mapping. A chirped electrical pulse with the central frequency and chirp rate determined respectively by the first- and second-order dispersions of the NLCFBG is then obtained at the output of a high-speed photodetector. An approximate model that describes the chirped RF pulse generation is derived, which is verified by numerical simulations. Chirped pulse generation with a pulse compression ratio as high as 450 is demonstrated. The key device in the chirped RF pulse generation system is the NLCFBG, which is investigated in detail with an emphasis on the influence of its group delay ripples on the performance of the pulse generation system. Techniques to design and fabricate the NLCFBG are also discussed. The proposed approach provides a potential solution for the generation of chirped RF pulse with a high central frequency and large chirp rate for applications in pulse compression radar systems.     

A wavelength-tunable duplex integrated light source for fastwavelength switching

A new monolithically integrated opto-electronic device has been developed for fast wavelength switching in photonic packet switching. The integrated device, called a tunable duplex integrated light source comprises two distributed Bragg reflector lasers (DBR-LDs), two electroabsorption optical switches, a Y-shaped waveguide coupler, an electroabsorption modulator, and two thermal drift compensators (TDCs). The tuning range of the DBR-LDs is 3 nm, and the wavelength switching time of the optical switches is estimated to be 60 ps including a 50 ps rise time for the electrical pulse generator. The wavelength of a 10 Gb/s NRZ-modulated optical signal is switched without bit loss. Thermal crosstalk between the DBR-LDs, and wavelength drift of the DBR-LDs, which is due to a thermal transient, are effectively suppressed by thermal-drift-compensation operation using the TDCs     

谐振腔增强型红外光电探测器的反射镜的分析与优化设计

针对顶镜和底镜最上层厚度为二分之一中心波长的分布布拉格反射镜(DBR),引入了现代光学薄膜技术中"虚设层"的概念,并进行了详细的理论分析和说明,用传输矩阵法推导了DBR的反射率,对其顶镜和底镜的反射率在真实器件的条件下进行计算,仿真得到了采用不同的顶层厚度的DBR的反射率及其与Si-DiO2层的对数、波长等的关系,证明了"虚设层"理论分析的正确性,对设计高性能谐振腔增强型红外光电探测器具有指导意义.     

Optimization of planar Be-doped InGaAs VCSEL's with two-sidedoutput

Threshold current, output power, wall-plug efficiency and operating voltage of epitaxially grown InGaAs-AlGaAs planar vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL's) are strongly influenced by the electrical and optical properties of the p-doped Bragg reflector. Here we study in some detail the dependence of output behavior on the composition, interface grading, and modulation doping of the Be-doped AlGaAs-GaAs Bragg reflector. Using optimized p-doped mirrors VCSEL's with low threshold current densities of 300 A/cm² , low driving voltages of 1.6 V and high wall-plug efficiencies of 17.6% are obtained. Transverse single-mode emitting devices show a record low emission linewidth of 30 MHz and a linewidth-power product of 2.2 mW·MHz     

Multimode oscillation Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser with a few-mode fiber cavity

We propose and demonstrate experimentally a multimode oscillation Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser with a few-mode fiber cavity. The different coupling processes of reflection peaks of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) which act as cavity mirrors allow the different oscillating states. We obtain microsecond light pulse output states whose oscillation and output beams have different mode compositions, including high order mode. Such a structure enables the high order mode oscillation in the whole cavity with an all-fiber structure, which has potential applications in mode-division multiplexed systems and research of multimode nonlinear effect.     

超强激光场中H_2~ 的隧道离解和波包演化

利用超强激光脉冲中分子与场相互作用的多电子态模型，数值模拟了分子波包在高低频超强激光场中的演化过程。结果发现，高频场中分子波包的扩展是渐进的，直到脉冲作用结束，分子才完全离解；而在低频场中，分子波包迅速隧穿到离解态，仅在脉冲的前几个周期，波包便溢出相互作用区。另外还比较了高低频场作用下分子的离解几率和离解碎片的动量分布。     

Short pulse generation by use of an active multipass interferometer

The operation of a simple device that converts continuous-wave (CW) laser light into a short-pulse train is reported. The setup is based on a passive ring cavity in which an acoustooptic frequency shifter takes the place of one of the mirrors. Temporal filtering and pulse compression of laser light was demonstrated. The experimental results obtained by injecting a CW CO₂ laser light in such a device are in agreement with the theoretical analysis. The device's application in external pulse compression of mode-locked pulses is also demonstrated     

Optical frequency conversion device with asymmetric κ-DBRstructure

An optical-frequency conversion device is fabricated, using monolithically integrated distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirrors with different coupling coefficients at the outer sides of the active and the saturable absorber regions. The input-end DBR mirror has a higher coupling coefficient than that of the output-end DBR mirror. The converted light is reflected by the input-end DBR mirror and is emitted only from the output end of the device. This device successfully performs optical frequency conversion when the input TM-polarized light has a wavelength within the wavelength range for which the reflection of the input-end DBR mirror is fairly high for TE-polarized light. The ratio of the converted-light output power for TE-polarized light from the input end to that from the output end is less than -30 dB     

A high repetition rate ion laser spanning the 195-225 nm spectral region

This paper describes the construction and operation of a water-cooled noble gas ion laser which generates average powers of the order of a milliwatt at 5 strong transitions between 195 and 225 nm. This pulsed laser has been operated at repetition rates up to 200 Hz and has produced average powers up to 5.1 mW at 219.2 nm. The pressure and voltage dependence of output power, along with preionization effects, gain, saturation intensities, and the effects of discharge current pulse length are discussed. The optical pulses can be precisely synchronized with respect to an electrical reference signal, and the laser operates at all wavelengths with Brewster windows, permitting convenient interchanging of resonator mirrors. This device has been designed for use as an ultraviolet illuminator in a photoelectron microscope.     

光纤光栅外腔半导体激光器理论模型分析与选取

为了讨论三腔镜近似或耦合腔近似两种等效腔模型对计算光纤光栅外腔半导体激光器等效反射率等参量的近似程度,挑选出最优的理论模型,采用数值计算的方法进行模拟仿真,得到了两种模型在采用切趾光纤Bragg光栅和非切趾光纤Bragg光栅情况下的阈值增益等特性曲线。结果表明,在采用切趾光纤Bragg光栅,特别是切趾深度较大的情况下,采用三腔镜近似模型更加符合实际情况。此研究结果对分析和设计单纵模光纤光栅外腔半导体激光器具有一定的参考价值。     

Analytical Electromagnetic Solution for Bragg Mirrors With Graded Interfaces and Guidelines for Enhanced Reflectivity

Bragg mirrors, the key element of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, always present graded interfaces when current is pumped through them, so as to reduce their series resistance and related heating problems. We present here an analytical solution for the electromagnetic fields in graded Bragg mirrors. It allows to generate reference reflection and transmission coefficients that are compared with those obtained by the staircase approximation method. Graded mirrors are then analyzed in detail and it is shown that, with an optimized design, higher reflectivity than in the abrupt scheme can be achieved