掺杂剂对聚苯胺/二氧化钛复合薄膜氨敏特性的影响

室温条件下,采用平面叉指电极式器件,运用原位化学氧化聚合和静电力自组装相结合的方法分别制备了盐酸掺杂和对甲苯磺酸掺杂聚苯胺/纳米二氧化钛(PANI/TiO2)复合薄膜气体传感器,并通过电子扫描显微镜(SEM)对薄膜进行了分析表征,研究了其在常温下对NH3气的敏感特性。实验结果表明,盐酸掺杂PANI/TiO2复合薄膜较对甲苯磺酸掺杂PANI/TiO2薄膜具有更好的灵敏度和响应恢复特性以及更好的稳定性。该研究有助于开发低功耗、高灵敏度的NH3气体传感器。     

基于超弹性基体的大应变复合材料制备与性能研究

采用物理共混工艺制备了聚二甲基硅氧烷/多壁碳纳米管(PDMS/MWNTs)复合大应变敏感材料,研究了掺杂比例对其大应变敏感特性的影响;在形貌表征基础上建立了敏感机理模型。初步探索了MWNTs和石墨填充PDMS复合材料的大应变特性。结果表明,PDMS/MWNTs复合材料相对电阻变化率与大应变成良好的线性特性,其中MWNTs掺量为9 wt%时复合材料表现出最优的应变特性,应变系数达到3.1;MWNTs和石墨填充PDMS复合材料电阻变化随大应变表现出非线性特性,分析认为MWNTs的远程导电网络和石墨的近程导电网络相互补充,搭建起更加稳定的导电通路,从而减缓了电阻的线性增大。     

Fabrication and characterization of SiO2（f）/Si3N4 composites

A silicon dioxide fiber-reinforced silicon nitride matrix (SiO2/Si3N4) composite used for radomes was prepared by chemi- cal vapor infiltration (CVI) process using the SiCl4-NH3-H2 system. The effects of the process conditions, including infiltration tem- perature, infiltration time, and gas flux were investigated. The energy dispersion spectra (EDS) result showed that the main elements of this composite contained Si, N, and O. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that phases of the composite before and after treatment at 1350°C were all amorphous. A little fiber pull-out was observed on the cross section of the composite by scan electron microscope (SEM). As a result, the composite exhibited good thermal stability, but an appropriate interface was necessary between the fiber and the matrix.     

Polymer grafting modification of the surface of nano silicon dioxide

Based on the composite modification technology of the surface of nano silicon dioxide by non-soap emulsion polymerization,it is verified that there are polymer grafted on the surface of nano silicon dioxide.The modification mechanism and the boding status on the surface of nano silicon dioxide after modification were suggested via the results of the infrared spectrum,transmission electronic microscope photograph and X-ray photoelectron spectrum.The hydroxyl formed by hydrolyzing of silane coupling agent reacts with hydroxyl on the surface of nano silicon dioxide to form Si-O-Si bonds by losing water molecules and hence the double bonds are introduced onto the surface of nano silcon dioxide,The surface of nano silicon dioxide is grafted with polymer through free radical polymerization between the double bonds on the surface of nano silicon dioxide and strene under the action of initiating agent,The dispersbility of nano silicon dioxide and the cotrollability of surface modification of nano silicon dioxide can be greatly improved by the modification process.     

辅助气体对分阶段制备金刚石膜的影响

采用形核 甲烷/氢气生长-辅助气体/甲烷/氢气生长的新工艺,在镜面抛光的单晶硅片上制备了金刚石膜,并用扫描电子显微镜和激光拉曼光谱等测试方法对薄膜的表面形貌和质量性能进行了表征;研究了添加辅助气体对已有金刚石晶型生长的影响.结果表明:以甲烷/氢气为气源时,金刚石膜生长率一般为1.8 μm/h,当分别加入氧气、二氧化碳、氮气时,其生长率都有所提高,其中加入二氧化碳时,其生长率是甲烷/氢气为气源的3倍多,但是加入氩气时,其生长率下降;通过新工艺,在加入氮气或氩气时,第一生长阶段为微米,而第二生长阶段为纳米尺寸,最后制备出具有微/纳米双层复合金刚石膜.     

电解法腐蚀硅片过程中产生的晶态二氧化硅

本文用富里叶红外光谱及Ｘ射线衍射对在氢氟酸中电解硅片时形成的多孔硅膜进行了分析，发现除了硅以外，其中还有晶态的二氧化硅（鳞石英）存在，由此说明多孔硅表面的硅氧化合物并非都是样品制备后在在气中氧化造成的，它对多孔硅发光有很大的关系。     

Preparation and characterization of CA-MA eutectic/silicon dioxide nanoscale composite phase change material from water glass via sol-gel method

This work mainly involved the preparation of a nano-scale form-stable phase change material(PCM) consisting of capric and myristic acid(CA-MA) binary eutectic acting as thermal absorbing material and nano silicon dioxide(nano-SiO_2) serving as the supporting material. Industrial water glass for preparation of the nano silicon dioxide matrix and CA-MA eutectic mixture were compounded by single-step sol-gel method with the silane coupling agent. The morphology, chemical characterization and form stability property of the composite PCM were investigated by transmission electron microscopy(TEM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Fourier-transform infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopy and polarizing microscopy(POM). It was indicated that the average diameter of the composite PCM particle ranged from 30-100 nm. The CA-MA eutectic was immobilized in the network pores constructed by the Si-O bonds so that the composite PCM was allowed no liquid leakage above the melting temperature of the CA-MA eutectic. Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) measurement were conducted to investigate the thermal properties and stability of the composite PCM. From the measurement results, the mass fraction of the CA-MA eutectic in the composite PCM was about 40%. The phase change temperature and latent heat of the composite were determined to be 21.15 ℃ and 55.67 J/g, respectively. Meanwhile, thermal conductivity of the composite was measured to be 0.208 W·m~(-1)·K~(-1) by using the transient hot-wire method. The composite PCM was able to maintain the surrounding temperature close to its phase change temperature and behaved well in thermalregulated performance which was verified by the heat storage-release experiment. This kind of form-stable PCM was supposed to complete thermal insulation even temperature regulation by the dual effect of relatively low thermal conductivity and phase change thermal storage-release properties. So it can be formulated that the nanoscale CA-MA/SiO_2 composite PCM with the form-stable property, good thermal storage capacity and relatively low thermal conductivity can be applied for energy conservation as a kind of thermal functional material.     

ITO气敏薄膜的研制及应用

本文阐述了ＩＴＯ气敏薄膜的制作过程、工作原理与气敏特性的测试方法和它的应用前景，对掺入Ｐｔ前后的ＩＴＯ气敏薄膜的灵敏度进行了对比研究     

氧化铕组装碳纳米管的制备和表征

采用化学沉淀法将氧化铕组装在碳纳米管上．碳纳米管在含有Eu3 的硝酸溶液中进行回流,在其表面引入了带负电的官能团,这些官能团能够吸附Eu3 ,同时强酸可使碳纳米管的两端开口,金属盐通过毛细作用进入碳管的空腔内,经过滴定、水洗和煅烧制备出Eu2O3组装的碳纳米管．TEM结果表明,氧化铕包覆在碳纳米管表面,外层包覆厚度为4-7 nm,同时3-5 nm链状的氧化铕晶体填充在碳纳米管的管腔中．HRTEM结果表明,碳纳米管的碳碳层的间距为0．34 nm,Eu2O3(222)晶面的晶格间距为0．31 nm．XRD结果表明,复合材料中含有Eu2O3和碳纳米管,晶体大小为11 nm．Zeta电位分析表明,碳纳米管在硝酸中氧化,可在碳纳米管中引入带负电荷的官能团,吸附Eu3 ．     

酞菁铜有机薄膜肖特基二极管的研制

提出了一种基于有机半导体材料制作肖特基二极管的方法,通过真空气相沉积工艺依次将金属铝,酞菁铜和金属铜镀在玻璃基片上.在室温下测试该二极管的电流-电压(I-V)特性发现,其整流系数可达103.根据实验所得的电容-电压(C-V)的测试结果,得到该二极管的肖特基势垒高度在0.7V.     

Pd/V_2O_5薄膜的氢气敏感性质研究

采用磁控溅射法制备了不同厚度的Pd/V2O5双层复合薄膜,采用紫外-可见光分光光度计研究了薄膜的氢气敏感性质,原位测量了薄膜的激光拉曼光谱并分析了薄膜的氢气敏感机理。结果表明,复合薄膜V2O5(280 nm)/Pd(30nm)对氢气的敏感性质较好,对0.01%H2-N2有响应,在4%H2-N2标气中,在560 nm处透过率的相对变化值达到25%。拉曼光谱分析结果表明,Pd/V2O5薄膜在与氢气作用过程中,Pd膜主要起催化作用,氢原子扩散到V2O5层,V5+转变为V4+,导致Pd/V2O5薄膜的透过率发生变化。     

水对电晕放电脱硫脱硝影响的研究

依据等离子体理论,研制了水膜式电晕放电试验模型,在不同电压下,对不同体积分数的SO2和NOx烟气的电晕放电形成机理进行了研究。实验结果表明：由于水的存在,高压电极与水膜之间的电晕放电所形成的离子风增强了烟气净化效果,脱硫、脱氮率分别达到95％和80％,这对酸雨的防治和烟气的处理以及对传统的电除尘设备的改进具有重要的意义。     

射频溅射制备镁钙微波陶瓷薄膜的研究

制备了膜层质量良好的镁钙微波介质陶瓷(MCT)薄膜.采用高密度等离子体射频溅射法在(110)二氧化硅上沉积了MCT陶瓷薄膜.研究结果表明: 薄膜态MCT陶瓷具有和块状材料相近的微波介电特性,MCT薄膜的介电常数在20左右,品质因子在23THz左右;溅射气体的氩氧混合体积比会明显影响薄膜膜层质量及其介电特性,氧分压的变化改变了八面体C轴长度,使晶格畸变和八面体向四面体转变;溅射功率和退火工艺温度也会影响薄膜质量.     

纳米SiO2颗粒镍基复合刷镀层组织与磨损特性

应用电刷镀技术制备含有纳米SiO2的镍基复合镀层,测试了该镀层的显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能,分析了纳米陶瓷颗粒沉积量对镀层摩擦磨损性能的影响,研究了复合镀层表面形貌、陶瓷颗粒分布的特点．试验结果表明,纳米陶瓷颗粒复合镀层比快镍镀层具有更高的显微硬度和良好的耐磨性．     

工业硅炉外吹气精炼除硼研究进展

冶金法太阳能级多晶硅技术具有能耗低、成本低和环境友好等特点,正逐步取代投资大、成本高的化学法而成为全球研究的热点.硼是工业硅中最难去除的非金属杂质之一,本文阐述了工业硅的生产过程和吹气炉外精炼除硼的原理,综述了国内外工业硅炉外氧气、湿氢、湿氧、湿二氧化碳以及吹气-熔渣联合精炼等工艺技术,并对本课题组湿氧精炼除硼的研究进行了重点介绍,分析了吹气精炼过程硅的损失问题,最后指出吹气-熔渣联合法是冶金法炉外精炼的发展方向.     

空心玻璃微珠/纳米TiO2复合材料的制备与表征

为了获得催化活性高、抗磨耗性能强的光催化复合材料,研究通过冷-碱腐蚀处理手段和高温黏附技术,制备空心玻璃微珠-纳米TiO₂光催复合材料. 利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和UV-Vis等设备,对样品进行表征. 以汽车尾气为降解对象,采用搓揉试验机和自制的环境测试系统,分别测试复合材料的抗磨耗性能与光催化效能. 结果表明,纳米TiO₂能够较好地附着到空心玻璃微珠表面,空心玻璃微珠-纳米TiO₂光催化复合材料相对于纯纳米TiO₂具有更强的透光能力和光催化降解能力. 该复合材料对汽车尾气中的一氧化氮和二氧化氮均有显著的降解效果,氮氧化物的净化效果高于一氧化碳和二氧化硫,具有较好的抗磨耗能力.     

MXene/二氧化硅/六水氯化钙复合相变储热材料的制备及性能

六水氯化钙作为一类低温体储热材料, 在蓄热节能方面有着巨大的应用前景。单一的六水氯化钙相变储热材料存在导热系数低和熔化时易泄漏的缺点, 具有较大的内芯和互穿介孔孔道结构的介孔二氧化硅可以解决上述 问题。介孔二氧化硅具有低密度, 热膨胀系数小, 折射率低, 比表面积大等优点, 但其导热系数低, 需要与热性能良好的材料复合来增强导热能力。选用MXene 作为导热增强材料, 在其表面上生长介孔二氧化硅, 再把相变材料六水氯 化钙负载其中。通过综合热分析仪和红外热成像仪测定, 证明复合相变材料的储热性能、热稳定性和传热速率都有显著提升; 在烘箱中观察六水氯化钙的泄漏情况也明显被载体材料所抑制, 成功制备一种热性能和稳定性俱佳的复 合相变储热材料。     

玻璃衬底沉积氮化硅薄膜性能研究

为了改善玻璃衬底上制备的薄膜太阳电池的转换效率,采用高纯氮气作为等离子体气源,以质量分数为5%的SiH_4(Ar稀释)作为前驱气源,利用电子回旋共振-等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术在玻璃衬底上低温制备了氮化硅薄膜;利用各种测试设备分析了薄膜的成分、光学性能和表面形貌.结果表明:实验制备的非晶薄膜含氢量较低;薄膜的折射率随着衬底温度和微波功率的增加而增加.在衬底温度为350℃、微波功率为650 W时,薄膜的折射率在2.0左右,平均粗糙度为1.45 nm,还说明薄膜具有良好的光学性能和较高的表面质量.在此条件下,薄膜的沉积速率达到10.7 nm/min,表明本实验能在较高的沉积速率下制备均匀、平整、优质的SiN薄膜.     

干水和碱性干碱的制备及催化水解COS的研究

以疏水性纳米二氧化硅、去离子水和碱性物质为原料,考察其质量配比对干水和碱性干碱形态的影响,并制备出像白砂糖状的干水和干碱催化剂。考察不同的碱性干碱、活性组分质量、气体流量和催化剂使用寿命对COS催化水解的影响。结果发现,在室温、气体流量10mL/min、催化剂质量2g条件下,碱性干氧化钙(制备配比为m (氧化钙)/m (去离子水)/m (纳米二氧化硅)=1∶79∶20)催化COS水解转化率达90%时,该催化剂的使用寿命为340min。     

Preparation of MWNTs/Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> composites and their mechanical and electrical properties

Since their discovery by Iijima[1], carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been the focus in novel materials research. Theoretical and experimental studies show[2-9] that CNTs have extraordinary mechanical and electrical properties. Krishnan et al.[2] have reported that the mean value of Young’s modulus of single-wall nanotubes (SWNTs) is 1.25 TPa. Yu et al.[3] measured Yang’s modulus of multi-wall nanotubes (MWNTs) between 270 and 950 GPa and breaking strength between 11 and 63 GPa. The ele…