矩阵变换器输入电流的无源性控制

矩阵变换器无中间直流环节,易受电网扰动和负载扰动的影响,为此采用无源性原理的控制方法设计了输入整流侧的控制器,并且加入适当的阻尼改善了控制系统特性.此外,通过矩阵变换器的降阶分解,简化了控制器结构和提高了控制器的可实现性.结果表明,在输入电压干扰和载扰扰动下,仍能保证输入电流为正弦波,避免了对电网造成污染.     

矩阵式变换器电流环无源性控制

针对矩阵式变换器输出侧电流易受输出侧负载影响现象, 提出了一种基于无源性理论的矩阵式变换器的控制器. 首先将矩阵变换器等效为虚拟的交－直－交变换器, 在d-q坐标下建立了矩阵变换器输入和输出侧的模型, 并基于无源性理论设计了矩阵式变换器输出侧闭环控制器, 以消除内外扰动和不平衡的影响, 实现对输出电流快速准确的跟踪. 仿真结果表明这种控制器具有很好的动态特性, 对输入和输出扰动均有很好的抑制效果.     

矩阵变换器励磁控制的无刷双馈风力发电系统

应用在双馈风力发电系统中的功率变换器必须具有功率双向流动的能力, 交直交循环变流器和交交矩阵变换器都可满足功率的双向流动要求. 而矩阵变换器能同时提供正弦的输入电流和输出电压, 输入电流可调节为超前、滞后或同相于输入电压, 输出电压可实现幅值、频率和网侧功率因数的独立控制. 利用矩阵变换器, 通过控制无刷双馈电机控制绕组的电压幅值、频率, 为风力发电系统提供励磁. 压频比控制器采用模型参考模糊自适应控制策略, 对电机的转速和功率因数进行控制. 采用DSP,CPLD构建了基于四步换流方案的矩阵变换器实验励磁系统, 仿真和实验结果验证了系统设计的正确性、可行性和稳定性, 为矩阵式变换器的实际应用提供了实验基础.     

感应电机转矩跟踪无源控制及自适应观测器设计

针对感应电机高性能转矩跟踪控制和磁链难以直接测量问题,提出了基于无源性的转矩跟踪和自适应磁链观测器控制方案.首先基于感应电机的无源性特性设计了渐近稳定转矩跟踪控制器,重新配置了系统的平衡点,通过注入阻尼提高系统的收敛速度.然后通过将定子电流和转子磁链作为状态变量构建了自适应磁链观测器,简化了观测器结构,根据Lyapunov稳定性理论设计了自适应控制律,实现转子磁链、转速和定子电阻的在线估计.为减小转速估计误差对观测器的影响,给出了观测器增益矩阵的选择方法.仿真结果表明本文所提出的基于自适应观测器的无源控制方案能够有效提高感应电机的动静态性能.     

基于无源性的全方位移动机器人自抗扰控制

针对全方位移动机器人轨迹跟踪控制中存在的外界干扰和系统参数不确定性问题,提出基于无源性的自抗扰控制方法.该方法通过扩张状态观测器对系统扰动进行估计,并在基于无源性的控制器中加入扰动补偿项以减小外界干扰和参数不确定性对系统的影响;进而,利用系统的无源特性和Lyapunov 理论证明在该控制器作用下闭环系统有界输入有界输出稳定.仿真结果表明,所提出的控制方法响应速度较快,控制精度较高,对系统外扰和模型参数不确定性具有较强的鲁棒性     

PWM整流器的无源滑模非线性控制

为提高三相电压型PWM (pulse width modulation)整流器的稳态与动态控制性能,提出了无源滑模非线性控制方案.基于PWM整流器欧拉-拉格朗口系统动力学模型,分析了系统内在无源特性.从全局能量角度出发,利用系统无源性,通过能量成形与阻尼注入方法,给出了PWM整流器的辅助设计系统.设计了滑模变结构电流内环控制器与PI(proportional-integral)电压外环控制器,同时采用基于饱和函数的准滑模控制方法解决了控制力的抖动问题.仿真实验结果表明,所提控制方法可实现三相电压型PWM整流器的单位功率因数控制与直流电压快速调节,同时具有很强的抗电网电压和负载扰动能力以及对于参数摄动的鲁棒性.     

采用非线性无源理论的MMC–MG并网电流控制

针对MMC半桥串联结构微电网(modular multilevel converter microgrids, MMC–MG)并网电流控制中, 采用 传统PI控制方法时其动态性能较差的问题, 提出一种利用无源控制理论的电流控制策略. 首先, 阐述了系统的拓扑 结构, 并建立了其欧拉–拉格朗日数学模型. 然后, 通过选取系统的状态变量, 设置误差能量函数及需注入的阻尼项, 以得到无源控制律; 并依据该控制律设计无源电流控制器. 此外, 通过观察采用不同阻尼值时控制器的稳定性、电 流谐波特性、幅频和相频特性曲线, 进而得到最佳的阻尼参数; 最后, 由系统的并网仿真模型验证所提无源电流控 制的有效性. 结果表明, 与传统PI控制相比, 阻尼注入无源控制方法能在不同运行工况下实现对电流和功率参考值 的快速跟踪. 同时, 具有良好的谐波特性和稳定性.     

时滞关联大系统基于分散控制的无源性

无源性不仅是系统的一个重要性质,而且是控制一个系统的重要途径.本文基于分散控制方法研究了关联大系统的无源性.利用Lyapunov-Krasovskii泛函方法和Hamilton函数方法,通过求解线性矩阵不等式(LMIs)得到了分散无源控制器的显式表达.所得到的新的无源性判据和无源控制器的参数是与时滞相关的.当关联时滞已知时,这些新结果的条件易于用Matlab中的LMI工具箱进行验证,因而控制器的设计也容易实现.最后用数值例子说明了所得到定理的有效性和无源控制器的设计过程.     

无源性非线性控制策略的研究与应用

针对传统控制器在设计时常忽略与系统能量相关的问题,文中给出一种无源性控制策略,并将其应用于阻性负载的单相电流型PWM逆变器中。该控制策略主要是从能量角度分析逆变系统,根据在系统中注入阻尼,重新分布逆变系统能量的方法,使系统能够全局稳定。该方法无需将系统中的非线性因素完全抵消,即可实现电压、电流的渐近跟踪。仿真结果证明此无源性控制策略具有较好的鲁棒性,以及良好的稳态和动态性能,即使负载发生大范围变化,系统仍能保证稳定运行。据此也说明所述方法的正确性和有效性。     

无源性非线性控制策略的研究与应用

针对传统控制器在设计时常忽略与系统能量相关的问题，本文给出一种无源性控制策略，并将其应用于阻性负载的单相电流型PWM逆变器中。该控制策略主要是从能量角度分析逆变系统，根据在系统中注入阻尼，重新分布逆变系统能量的方法，使系统能够全局稳定。该方法无需将系统中的非线性因素完全抵消, 即可实现电压、电流的渐近跟踪。仿真结果证明此无源性控制策略具有较好的鲁棒性，以及良好的稳态和动态性能，即使负载发生大范围变化，系统仍能保证稳定运行。据此也说明所述方法的正确性和有效性。     

四端输出三相-两相矩阵变换器间接控制策略

针对三相-两相矩阵变换器(3-2MC)拓扑无大容量储能元件,输出不对称影响输入电流质量的问题,提出一类引入脉动功率补偿单元的三端和四端输出3-2MC拓扑.首先,详细阐述上述所提两种变换器抑制输出脉动功率进而提高输入性能的原理、实现过程和适用范围,推导四端输出3-2MC的电压传输率与系统参数之间的关系式,并基于上述拓扑特点,提出输出扇区划分方式;然后,提出以输出侧与补偿侧三相电流加权量作为间接控制量的级联式控制策略,从理论上对其可行性进行分析,并给出系统控制参数的优化选取方法.仿真结果表明,基于间接控制策略的四端输出3-2MC拓扑可有效改善输出不对称情况下的输入电流性能,与传统的三端无补偿单元拓扑相比,该方法具有良好的动态性能和更大的输出适用范围.     

基于输出协同调制的四端输出矩阵变换器开关组合优化方法

含补偿单元的四端输出三相-两相矩阵变换器(3-2MC)能有效提升带两相独立负载的矩阵变换器输入性能,在现有的调制方法下,四端输出3-2MC的电压增益较三端拓扑低,且该电压增益是与多个变量有关的表达式.针对上述缺陷,提出一种输出协同调制的开关组合优化方法,该方法在单位调制周期时间内对同极性输出侧和补偿侧进行协同调制,以提高有效矢量利用率.通过理论推导和分析可得,与现有调制方法相比,采用所提出方法能将四端输出3-2MC电压增益提高到常规三端输出3-2MC的水平,同时使得四端输出3-2MC的电压增益是一个只与输出不对称度有关的函数表达式.仿真结果表明,基于输出侧协同调制的开关组合优化方法能够实现输入与输出功率的解耦,有效拓宽四端输出3-2MC的线性调节区间,同时使系统具有良好的输入与输出性能.     

基于自抗扰速度调节器的矩阵变换器驱动 永磁同步电机直接转矩控制

针对永磁同步电机（permanent magnet synchronous motor,PMSM）系统,采用矩阵变换器（matrix converter,MC）驱动方式,提出了基于自抗扰技术（active disturbance rejection control,ADRC）的直接转矩控制（direct torque control,DTC）策略．用MC替换常规交—直—交变换器,以提高系统输入侧功率因数（power factor,PF）;用ADRC替换常规电机调速系统中的PI速度调节器,以提高系统的鲁棒性．首先,建立MC驱动PMSM系统的数学模型,并给出ADRC速度调节器和MC驱动PMSM的DTC设计思路和方法．基于ADRC的DTC策略能够使MC驱动的PMSM系统稳定运行,具有较好的转速和转矩控制效果,且输入侧PF能够达到1．然后,将其与基于PI的DTC策略相比较,该策略具有更强的抗负载干扰能力和跟踪给定转速变化的能力．最后,通过仿真实验验证该方法的正确性和有效性.     

Passivity-based control for a DC/DC high-gain transformerless boost converter

In this work, an adaptive passivity-based controller for a DC-DC high-gain transformerlessdouble-inductor boost converter is fully detailed. The proposed current-mode control scheme results in two feedback loops, a current controller for tracking the inductor current considering damping injection and energy shaping, and a voltage loop composed by a proportional-integral action to guarantee output voltage regulation. Furthermore, a parametric uncertainty estimator using immersion-invariance approach is designed to improve the robustness of the current loop. As a result, a multi-loop adaptive nonlinear energy-based controller, which ensures regional asymptotic stability via Lyapunov analysis is accomplished. In addition, considering practical conditions, real-time numerical simulations, using a 1 kW case-study converter, are carried out in order to assess the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. Results for output voltage regulation, current tracking, and parametric uncertainty estimation under input voltage and load step changes are shown.     

Active vibration control of large space flexible slewing truss using cable actuator with input saturation

This paper proposes a composite approach to implementing attitude tracking and active vibration control of a large space flexible truss system. The system dynamic model is based on Hamilton's principle and discretized using the finite difference method. A nonlinear attitude controller for position tracking is developed based on the input‐output linearization of the discretized system, which can effectively improve system performance compared with a traditional proportional‐differential feedback controller. A taut cable actuator scheme is presented to suppress tip vibration because the mechanical model is a large large‐span spatial structure; furthermore, because the cable has the feature of unilateral input saturation constraint, which can provide only a pulling force, a nonlinear quadratic regulator controller is developed by introducing a piecewise nonquadratic cost function to suppress the vibration of the flexible structure. To investigate the factors that influence the damping effects of the cable, the parametrically excited instability of a cable under 2 supports is analyzed. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed attitude controller can implement the task of position tracking, and the vibration suppression control law is shown to be optimal for functional performance with input saturation.     

Unified Smith Predictor Based H∞ Wide-Area Damping Controller to Improve the Control Resiliency to Communication Failure

Inter-area low frequency oscillation in power system is one of the major problems for bulk power transmission through weak tie lines.Use of wide-area signal is more effective than the local area signal in damping out the inter-area oscillations.Wide area measurement system(WAMS)is convenient to transmit the wide area signal through the communication channel to the remote location.Communication failure is one of the disastrous phenomena in a communication channel.In this paper,a dual input single output(DISO)Hm controller is designed to build the control resiliency by employing two highest observability ranking wide area signals with respect to the critical damping inter-area mode.The proposed controller can provide sufficient damping to the system and also the system remains stabilized if one of the wide-area signals is lost.The time delay is an unwanted phenomenon that degrades the performance of the controllers.The unified Smith predictor approach is used to design a Hm controller to handle the time delay.Kundur's two-area and IEEE-39 bus test systems are considered to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.From the simulation results,it is verified that,the proposed controller provides excellent damping performance at normal communication and improves the controller resiliency to counteract the communication failure.     

基于EKF和SMC的永磁同步电机无传感器矢量控制

采用扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)算法估计永磁同步电机(PMSM)转速和转子位置,构成转速、电流双闭环的无传感器矢量控制系统.针对扩展卡尔曼滤波为有偏估计、对模型误差鲁棒性差等问题,提出了基于指数趋近律的滑模转速控制器.为提高转速环抗负载转矩扰动能力,设计负载转矩观测器并将观测结果引入到电流控制器的输入端,作为速度控制器前馈补偿的控制输入.仿真实验结果表明,与传统采用PI(proportional-integral)转速控制器的系统相比,文中所提控制策略具有转速跟踪误差小、响应快、无超调、抗负载扰动能力强等优点.     

Decentralized Nonlinear Robust Coordinated Control of UPFC and Generators in Multi‐ Machine Power System Via Pseudo‐Generalized Hamiltonian Theory

In this paper, based on a structure preserving power system with a unified power flow controller (UPFC), using pseudo‐generalized Hamiltonian function method and boundary‐function method, a nonlinear robust coordinated control law is constructed for multi‐machine power system oscillation damping. The 4‐machine 2‐area power system is used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed controller. Simulation results indicate that the proposed coordinated control scheme can effectively improve both transient stability and voltage regulation performance of the power system. ©2014 Chinese Automatic Control Society and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd     

Hierarchical fuzzy controllers for an astronomical telescope tracking

The paper presents an application of fuzzy logic controller (FLC) with hierarchically structured rule base for a two-link direct drive Celestron telescope. The hierarchical fuzzy logic controller (HFLC) is implemented, as nonlinear blocks used in a control system, for supervision of PID controller for position tracking of the telescope driven by electric motors. The HFLC is composed of two FLC stages connected in cascade. The input variables, for the first stage, of the HFLC are the position error and the rate of change in the position error. Then the output from the first stage and the position error integral are used as input variables for the second stage of the HFLC PID. The simulation results of the proposed HFLC PID, when the telescope is subjected to a unit step in reference position, are compared with the PID controller. The dynamic responses of the HFLC PID improve the rise time, damping factor and settling time compared with the PID controller. Also, the proposed techniques, hierarchical fuzzy PID controller, reduce the computation time due to reduction of rule base. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed HFLC PID controller scheme as a promising technique.