高温超导引线的传输特性

从电磁学理论入手,给出了引线的基本理论。对高温超导引线的传输特性进行了分析,并对金属引线和导引线的性能进行了比较。得到以下结论：（１）在超导能隙频率下,金属引线的衰减系数比高温超导引线大几个数量级;（２）金属引线的相速与信号频率无关,易出现信号发散,而超导引线在低于能隙率的情况下,相速与频率无关,信号不发散;（３）金属引线对脉冲信号的延迟时间比超导引线高。     

The measurement of penetration depth and surface resistance of bulk YBCO superconductor by using microstrip resonator method

We have measured the resonance curves of a high Tc superconducting microstrip resonator at both room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature, and done same thing to a copper microstrip resonator with the same width and length as high Tc superconducting microstrip resonator. These four curves have been compared with each other. After that we obtained the penetration depth and surface resistance of high Tc superconductor at liquid nitrogen temperature. The microstrip resonator method has the advantage of simple. The results agree with theoretical prediction and other papers quite well.     

直线法分析超导微带传输线

本文首次应用直线法结合二流体模型对超导微带传输线进行了分析。针对多层介质结构和普通结构，分别计算了衰减特性、色散特性以及特性阻抗。结果表明超导微带线比普通导体微带线具有更好的性能，如低损耗、低色散和较小的电路尺寸。与已发表的文献相比较验证了本文方法的可行性。     

Modified two-fluid model for superconductor surface impedancecalculation

The traditional two-fluid model of superconducting conductivity was modified to reflect the BCS coherence effects in the conductivity of a superconductor, which are incorporated through an effective ratio of normal-to-superconducting electrons. The ratio is a simple analytical expression which depends on frequency, temperature, and material parameters. This modified two-fluid model allows accurate and rapid calculation of the microwave surface impedance of a superconductor in the clean and dirty limits and in the weak- and strong-coupled regimes. The model compares well with surface resistance data for Nb. Numerical calculations of surface impedance with the modified two-fluid model are one to five orders of magnitude faster than equivalent BCS calculations     

钻柱内孔变径结构条件下微波传播衰减规律研究

为掌握钻柱內孔微波传输的最佳频点,获取微波信道的衰减规律及有效传输距离,将钻柱内孔视为超长不规则有耗圆波导,采用微波耦合理论计算了其微波最佳传输频点,分析了信道中的微波模式。采用微波传输等效电路法建立了信道模型,研究并建立了钻柱内孔微波信道信号衰减规律模型。同时针对超长钻柱,提出单位长度平均功率损耗系数对有效传输距离进行简化分析。研究结果表明,钻柱内孔沿轴向存在内径渐变段和突变点,微波传输存在大量反射过程,信道的阻抗变化是影响传输质量的主要因素。建立的衰减模型比仅考虑表面电阻涡流损耗的模型更准确,更具有现场指导意义。     

Design of TE01δ Test Probe for Measuring the Microwave Surface Resistance of HTS Thin Film

A new TE01δ test probe with proper transmission factor is fabricated for the measurement of surface resistance of high temperature superconductor (HTS) thin film. Coupling holes instead of coupling loops are used in the probe for its easier machining and relatively low loss. Two 6 mm × 3 mm × 8 mm dielectric waveguides, one side of them is coated by silver, are used for coupling. The measurement result of S21 agrees well with the simulation because the size of the probe can be rigidly controlled by machine. The microwave surface resistance of four YBCO/MgO films are measured at 77 K and 12 GHz and scaled to 10 GHz according to the f 2 rule. The average surface resistance of four HTS thin films is 0.38 mΩ, the standard deviation and relative standard deviation of one single HTS thin film are 0.009 mΩ and 2.4%, respectively.     

YBCO superconducting ring resonators at millimeter-wave frequencies

Superconducting microstrip ring resonators operating at 35 GHz have been fabricated from laser ablated YBa₂Cu₃O _7-x (YBCO) films on lanthanum aluminate substrates. The circuits consisted of superconducting strips over normal metal ground planes. The circuits are measured from 20 K to 90 K and with microwave input powers ranging from 0.25 mW to 10 mW. The superconducting resonators show significant improvement in Q over identical gold resonators at 20 K, but only marginal improvement at 77 K. No variation in the superconductor performance is observed with varying input power. The lowest microwave surface resistance of the superconductors at 77 K is 9 mΩ. The change in the resonant frequency with temperature is analyzed and a value for the penetration depth computed. Double resonances were observed in some superconducting ring resonators and an explanation is advanced. Factors limiting millimeter-wave high-temperature superconductor circuits are explored and potential performance levels calculated based on current reported values for high-temperature superconductor surface resistances     

A new resistance measurement technique applicable tohigh-temperature superconducting materials at microwave frequencies

A two-gap electrically floating resonant strip was used for surface resistance measurements of the high-temperature superconductor YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ. The method is simple, has no electrical contact, operates at various resonant frequencies, and requires only a small sample. An analysis that allows for the accurate design of the strip dimensions to produce a desired resonant frequency was used. Experimental measurements on resonant frequencies in X- and Ku-band (8-18 GHz) agree well with the calculations. The method allows one to extract the normalized surface resistance of the sample from transmission coefficient measurements at the resonant frequency. These normalized values compare favorably to the Mattis-Baredeen theory taken in the local limit. The resonant strip in waveguide should have applications in high-temperature superconductive material characterization and in the development of waveguide superconductive filters     

一种精确测量超导薄膜表面电阻的新方法

本文对介质谐振器法测量高温超导薄膜微波表面电阻的方法进行了详细的研究，并提出了新的计算方法．由两个不同直径、相同高度的蓝宝石构成两个谐振器，对同一组铜膜进行测量，根据金属表面电阻与频率的关系，确定测试装置的损耗，从而更精确地测出薄膜的表面电阻．经实验证明，此方法能得到比传统计算方法更为精确的测量结果。     

Laterally resolved microwave surface-resistance measurement ofhigh-Tc superconductor samples by cavity substitutiontechnique

Microwave surface impedance measurement of a high-temperature superconductor (HTS) is a sensitive probe to test its quality, particularly if a microwave device is to be fabricated. Most microwave characterization employs resonance techniques in which the components of the surface impedance are extracted from the measured Q value and the shift in the resonance frequency. In this paper, we present a modification of the widely used complete end-plate substitution technique to measure the surface resistance of samples having dimensions smaller than the dimension of the end plate at 20 GHz, as well as to facilitate the laterally resolved surface resistance measurement of large-area HTS samples. From the knowledge of the electromagnetic-field configuration in a TE₀₁₁-mode cylindrical cavity, the loss contribution from the HTS sample is analyzed theoretically and measured experimentally in the temperature range of 20-100 K. The design of the cavity is discussed to optimize the sensitivity of the measurement by the placement of the sample and to maximize the difference in the measured Q value     

A closed slot-line resonator filter

A microwave bandpass filter made from three-dimensional (3-D) slot-line resonators is described. This structure readily lent itself to the design and realization of a 16-pole filter. By concentrating the losses on the resonant element, very high Q can be achieved by using low surface resistance material, such as high temperature superconductor, for the slot-line resonator. The filter is five to ten times smaller than previous generation 3-D filters made using high temperature superconductors.     

基于梯形槽阵列的SSPPs型带通微波滤波器

该文采用时域有限差分法(FDTD)设计了一种具有阶梯槽结构的人工表面等离激元(SSPPs)型带通微波滤波器。滤波器由4部分组成,其中第二部分(阶梯阻抗槽)是过渡部分,新颖的周期性排列的阶梯阻抗槽设计可增强微波波段亚波长的束缚效果,提高带通SSPPs滤波器的通带特性和抗电磁干扰能力。该文还利用FDTD法对微波频率范围内的SSPPs滤波器的透射和反射特性进行了研究。结果表明,通过调整阶梯阻抗槽结构的几何尺寸及传输线中耦合间隙参数,可以灵活地控制滤波器的带宽和抑制特性,滤波器具有很强的抗空间电磁干扰能力。     

Contribution à la modélisation de lignes hyperfréquences supraconductrices à haute température critique par la méthode FDTD

The purpose of this study is to determine the electrical behaviour of high-Tc superconductor microstrip lines. TheFdtd method is used to put into discrete terms Maxwell’s equations. The two-fluid model has been chosen to describe the behaviour of the superconductor. The variation of electrical parameters such as surface resistance as a function of frequency up to 60 GHz is presented.     

Possible high-frequency cavity and waveguide applications of high temperature superconductors

Conventional superconducting materials used at liquid helium temperatures have been employed to greatly reduce ohmic power loss in microwave cavities. If suitable high temperature superconductor surfaces can be developed, it could be possible to alleviate constraints due to relatively low energy gaps and limits due to critical fields, and operate at more convenient temperatures with larger thermal margins. These features could be used to improve performance of present superconducting microwave cavity devices. They may also facilitate new applications and device designs at millimeter-wave and far infrared frequencies. Possible cavity and waveguide applications are described. Sensitivity of RF surface resistance to boundaries and nonaligned grains in the material and to small amounts of nonsuperconducting material may be an obstacle to development. Moreover, critical RF fields can be limiting for high power applications. An additional problem is the adverse effect of D.C. magnetic fields.     

The frequency response of a superconducting transmission line

A two-element equivalent circuit for the surface impedance of a superconductor is considered in approximations of the frequency response of a superconducting transmission line. It is shown that the model yields good approximate agreement with more rigorous derivations applied to classical or anomalous normal conductivities, as well as to nonlocal conduction effects.     

高温超导红外探测器

本文描述了红外探测器用高温超导体的性能与制备,高温超导红外探测器的种类、特性、优越性及其制作,并且展望了高温超导红外探测器的应用前景。     

Phenomenological loss equivalence method for planar quasi-TEMtransmission lines with a thin normal conductor or superconductor

The incremental inductance rule for conductor loss calculations is not valid if conductor thickness decreases and becomes comparable to the penetration depth. A simple approach, referred to as the phenomenological loss equivalence method is proposed for characterizing a planar quasi-TEM transmission line with a thin normal conductor or superconductor over a wide range of field penetrations. For microstrip lines with a thin copper or high-T_c superconductor, the conductor losses calculated by this method agree very well with the published data calculated by the finite-element method and the Monte Carlo method, respectively. Because of the simplicity of the calculation, the method should be very useful for the computer-aided design of monolithic microwave circuits     

Features and Prototypes of HTS High Q Resonant Circuit

High Te superconductor （HTS） technology has been used to develop a unique high Q resonant circuit. Such circuit or device has some special characteristics such as very high voltage generation. Theoretical study and experimental approaches have proceeded for the concept verification. This paper presents the theory about this high Q resonant circuit. The operation principle of the circuit is described. A practical prototype for HTS high voltage generation is also demonstrated. The experiment result shows that very high voltages can be achieved by the developed method using HTS technology.     

电阻贴片频率选择表面(FSSR)的吸波性能研究

对电阻贴片频率选择表面(FSSR)的吸波性能进行了研究.将传统FSS的导体贴片用电阻贴片代替,制备了由不同尺寸、电阻的FSSR与不同厚度介质层构成的单层吸波材料.在以Agilent 8720ET矢量网络分析仪为核心的弓形法测试系统中,在2GHz～18GHz频率范围内测量了材料的反射率.结果表明:电阻贴片频率选择表面较Salisbury屏有更宽的吸收频带,其单元贴片尺寸、单元贴片电阻以及介质层的厚度都对吸波材料的反射率有明显的规律性影响,但与单一的Salisbury屏和传统的FSS明显不同,并采用传输线理论对其吸收机理进行了分析.     

Features and Prototypes of HTS High Q Resonant Circuit

High Tc superconductor (HTS) technology has been used to develop a unique high Q resonant circuit. Such circuit or device has some special characteristics such as very high voltage generation. Theoretical study and experimental approaches have proceeded for the concept verification. This paper presents the theory about this high Q resonant circuit. The operation principle of the circuit is described. A practical prototype for HTS high voltage generation is also demonstrated. The experiment result shows that very high voltages can be achieved by the developed method using HTS technology.