酶联免疫技术在食品安全检测中的应用

文章介绍了酶联免疫技术(ELISA)的原理和方法,从生物毒素、药物残留、致病微生物、重金属污染和食品的品质等方面评述了其在食品安全检测中的应用。并对其在食品安全检测中的广阔应用前景进行了展望。     

酶联免疫技术及其在食品检测中的应用

说明了酶联免疫检测技术(ELISA)的原理、方法，主要论述了其在食品检测领域的应用，进行毒素、农药残留、食品微生物及其它微量元素的检测。     

酶联免疫法检测克伦特罗残留量的质量控制

对酶联免疫法检测克伦特罗残留量的质量控制方法进行了探讨.应用酶联免疫法检测克伦特罗残留量可从克伦特罗试剂盒的检测下限、校正曲线的线性检验、精密度验证、以及添加克伦特罗标准品做回收率试验等方面来进行质量控制.结果表明,本方法的样品检测下限(定性检出)为0.03ng/mL,定量检测下限为0.1ng/mL;克伦特罗标准校正曲线Y=-0.1884X 0.4159在0.1～8.1ng/mL范围内具有良好的线性相关关系,相关系数为-0.9913;克伦特罗标准液的浓度分别为0.1、0.3、0.9、2.7、8.1ng/mL时,变异系数分别为3.7%、5.3%、9.7%、9.2%、8.7%,在3.7%～9.7%的范围内;当克伦特罗标准品添加水平分别为0.5、1.0ng/mL时,平均回收率分别为84%、90%,在80%～100%的范围内.上述指标均符合残留分析质量控制的要求.     

酶联免疫吸附分析及其在食品安全检测中的应用

主要介绍了酶联免疫分析(ELISA)测定的基本原理和分类，讨论了它在食品安全检测中的应用，如检测食品中毒素、病原微生物、农药残留、兽药残留、转基因食品成分等。     

酶联免疫吸附试验在食品检测中的应用

本文简要介绍了ELISA 的基本原理和类型,详述了国内外使用ELISA 方法在食品过敏源、农药残留、致病微生物、转基因等方面检测的最新研究进展,列出了部分目前市售用于食品检测的试剂盒,并对该检测技术的发展趋势及其在食品安全检测中的应用前景进行了展望。     

化学发光酶联免疫法检测苏丹红Ⅰ

为检测食品中苏丹红Ⅰ残留,建立间接竞争化学发光酶联免疫分析（chemi luminescent enzymeimmunoassay,CLEIA）法。通过优化包被抗原中本抗原与载体物质的量比、包被抗原质量浓度、抗体稀释比例,建立竞争抑制曲线。线性范围为0.156～5 ng/mL,最低检测限为0.078 9 ng/mL,IC50为0.679 ng/mL。CLEIA回收率为75.08%～112.18%,变异系数为8.89%～15.61%;通过与酶联免疫吸附（enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA）法进行比较,在相同抗原抗体质量浓度条件下,CLEIA法测定的IC50较ELISA方法降低30%,具有较高的灵敏度。     

酶联免疫吸附法及其在食品分析中的应用

简单介绍了酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA),并且就其在食品分析中的应用进行了较详细的评述,主要包括ELISA用于食品微生物、食品中的毒素、残留农药和其他成分的检测。     

酶联免疫方法在牛肉加热终点温度检测中的应用

为保证肉类及肉制品的卫生安全,各国要求加热到一定的加热终点温度。研究通过免疫新西兰白兔获得加热终点温度指示蛋白乳酸脱氢酶的抗体,并建立了牛肌肉加热终点温度酶联免疫检测方法。     

酶联免疫法检测复合调味料中黄曲霉毒素B1含量

目的酶联免疫法(enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay,ELISA)快速检测复合调味料中黄曲霉毒素B_1的含量。方法用70%甲醇水溶液提取非含油型复合调味料中的黄曲霉毒素B_1待测液,含油型复合调味料则首先加入石油醚将油萃取出来,后加入70%甲醇水溶液抽提。使用酶联免疫法进行定量限、回收率与重复性等实验。结果使用不同前处理的检测结果的定量限为3μg/kg,相对标准偏差分别为2.06%和2.73%;回收率范围在90%～110%之间;重复性平均值分别为10.77μg/kg和10.84μg/kg,相对标准偏差分别为3.89%和2.44%。结论复合调味料通过不同的前处理方法,后使用酶联免疫法检测复合调味料中黄曲霉毒素B_1结果准确,重复性较好。     

酶联免疫法在农药残留枪测中的应用

酶联免疫法（ELISA）足以酶标记抗体或抗原为主要试剂的一种标记免疫分析技术,其结合了抗原抗体反应的高度特异性和酶的高效催化作用,具有灵敏度高、特异性强、准确性好、检测成本低、迅速等优点,该方法近年来被广‘泛应用于食品安全中农药残留的检测。     

酶联免疫吸附法快速检测储存粮食中的污染曲霉

以曲霉属特异性抗体为材料,运用酶联免疫吸附法对稻谷、小麦、玉米等几种储存粮食中 胞外多糖含量进行了检测,并和平板计数法的曲霉菌落数进行比较,结果表明,两者间有很好的线性相关性。因此酶联免疫吸附法可用于储存粮食中污染曲霉的快速检测。     

酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法在食品微生物检测中的应用

介绍了酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)分析的原理及方法，并就其在食品微生物检测中的应用作了较详细的描述。     

Detection of Walnut Residues in Foods Using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

ABSTRACT:  Tree nuts, including walnuts, can be responsible for allergic reactions. Food manufacturers have the responsibility to declare the presence of walnuts on packaged foods even when trace residues may be present from the use of shared equipment or the adventitious contamination of ingredients. The aim of this study was to develop a rapid, sensitive, and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for the detection of walnut protein residues. Mixtures of raw and roasted English walnuts of several varieties were defatted, powdered, and used as separate antigens in sheep and New Zealand white rabbits. An ELISA was developed using the sheep antiroasted walnut serum as the capture reagent and rabbit antiroasted walnut serum as the detector reagent followed by addition of commercial goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody labeled with alkaline phosphatase and subsequent substrate addition. The performance of the ELISA was validated by testing known amounts of walnut (0 to 100 ppm) either spiked into or manufactured into milk chocolate, cookies, muffins, or ice cream. Recoveries of 1 to 100 ppm walnut-in-chocolate ranged from 71.6% to 119%± 7% to 16.5%. The walnut ELISA has a detection limit of 1 ppm (1 μg/g) walnut in several food matrices. Substantial cross-reactivity was observed with pecan while minimal cross-reactivity was noted for hazelnut, mustard, mace, and poppy seed among almost 100 foods and food ingredients tested. This walnut ELISA can be used to detect undeclared walnut residues in foods and ingredients and as a tool to validate the effectiveness of allergen control programs for walnuts.     

沙丁胺醇直接酶联免疫快速检测的方法

沙丁胺醇与瘦肉精同属于禁用的饲料添加剂,可以在动物体内大量残留,人体过量摄入会引起中毒反应。为了建立沙丁胺醇的快速检测方法,从硫酸沙丁胺醇出发制备了半抗原沙丁胺醇丁二酸衍生物,用混合酸酐法将半抗原与载体蛋白-钥孔嘁血蓝蛋白(KLH)偶联作为免疫抗原制备了沙丁胺醇的多克隆抗体,建立了沙丁胺醇直接竞争酶联免疫检测方法,该方法抗体最佳包被抗体量为1μg/孔,酶标抗原稀释比例为1∶16000,掩蔽剂采用脱脂奶粉。所建立的方法具有很高的灵敏度和特异性I,C50为0.90ng/mLI,C15达到了0.05ng/mL,远低于国家残留限量标准,与沙丁胺醇的结构类似物基本没有交叉反应。     

一种检测杂环胺类化合物的酶联免疫检测方法的建立

为了制备一种广谱性杂环胺抗体,并建立一种可以实现多种杂环胺同时检测的快速分析方法。以杂环胺2-氨基-3,4-二甲基咪唑[4,5-f]喹喔啉(MeIQx)为原料,将其与丁二酸单甲酯酰氯(MCO)反应合成杂环胺半抗原,通过活化酯法将半抗原与蛋白偶联制备免疫原进一步制备多克隆抗体,最终建立间接竞争酶联免疫分析方法(ic-ELISA)。该方法灵敏度(IC₅₀,以MeIQx计)为81.16 μg/L,检测限(IC₁₅)为12.07 μg/L。方法对喹啉类杂环胺(IQ、MeIQ)、喹喔啉类杂环胺(IQx、MeIQx、4,8-DiMeIQx、7,8-DiMeIQx、4,7,8-TriMeIQx)以及吡啶类杂环胺(PhIP)具有相同的识别能力,交叉反应率均达到93%以上。油炸牛肉和肉松样品中杂环胺(MeIQx)添加回收率在91.18%~98.64%之间,检测结果与液相色谱串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)有很好的一致性(R²=0.9927)。本文建立的酶联免疫分析方法可以实现喹啉类、喹喔啉类以及吡啶类杂环胺总量的检测,为热加工肉制品中杂环胺的检测提供了一种简单、准确的快速检测方法。     

吡虫啉残留酶联免疫吸附检测方法的建立

通过化学修饰合成吡虫啉(imidacloprid,IMI)人工半抗原,采用碳二亚胺法(EDC)将该抗原与牛血清蛋白和卵清蛋白偶联成功制备分子结合比合理的免疫抗原(IMI-BSA)和包被抗原(IMI-OVA)。对经IMI-BSA免疫的6周龄Balb/c实验鼠的免疫抗血清进行间接酶联免疫吸附和阻断酶联免疫吸附,初步探明抗吡虫啉多克隆抗体(IMI-pAb)的免疫学特性。在此基础上,采用聚乙二醇(PEG)介导细胞融合技术进行了免疫鼠脾细胞和骨髓瘤细胞融合,通过阳性杂交瘤细胞筛选和克隆化培养,获得3C8杂交瘤细胞株。结果显示:该3C8杂交瘤细胞株具有高效价、高亲和力和强特异性的特点;通过方阵滴定法确定最佳抗原包被浓度和最佳抗体稀释倍数,建立基于吡虫啉单克隆抗体(IMI-mAb)的IMI残留阻断酶联免疫吸附,其线性范围为7.48×10-6～3.24×10-4mg/mL(R2=0.9928),最低检测限为8.00×10-6mg/mL。     

Linking Solid Phase Extraction and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay to Measure Chlorpyrifos in Fish Tissue

ABSTRACT: A method for measuring chlorpyrifos in fish tissue coupling solid phase extraction (SPE) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is described. Fish tissue was added to a silica gel column and extracted with hexane. The eluant was passed through an SPE column (C-18) and analyzed using ELISA. The method, which was comparable to an FDA GC/ECD method, gave recoveries from 83.4% to 87.5% for fortified fish samples, a lower limit of detection of 0.01 ppm, a linear range from 0.01 to 0.5 ppm, and correlation coefficients from 0.86 to 0.96. Nineteen contaminated fish samples analyzed using both ELISA and GC/ECD methods gave comparable chlorpyrifos concentrations with a correlation coefficient of 0.78.     

Development of a Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for Detection of Buckwheat Residues in Food

Abstract: Buckwheat is a pseudocereal (an eudicot with seed qualities and uses similar to those of monocot cereals, family Poaceae) that is consumed in some Asian countries as a staple, and in some western countries as a health food. Allergic reactions to buckwheat are common in some countries. The objective was to develop a specific and sensitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect traces of buckwheat that might inadvertently contaminate other foods in order to assure accurate labeling and consumer protection. Buckwheat-specific antibodies produced in 3 species of animals were tested for specificity and titer by direct ELISA and immunoblot. A sandwich ELISA was developed utilizing pooled rabbit antibuckwheat sera to capture buckwheat proteins and pooled goat antibuckwheat sera, followed by enzyme-labeled rabbit antigoat immunoglobulin G (IgG), to detect bound buckwheat proteins. The lower limit of quantification (LOQ) of the sandwich ELISA was 2 parts per million (ppm) of buckwheat in the presence of complex food matrices. The ELISA is highly specific with no cross-reactivity to any of 80 food ingredients and matrices tested. Validation studies conducted with buckwheat processed into noodles and muffins showed greater than 90% and 60% recovery, respectively. The percent recovery of buckwheat from noodles was similar to that achieved with a commercial buckwheat ELISA kit (ELISA Systems Pty. Ltd., Windsor, Queensland, Australia) at high buckwheat concentrations. However, the sensitivity of this ELISA was greater than the commercial ELISA. This newly developed ELISA is sufficiently specific and sensitive to detect buckwheat residues in processed foods to protect buckwheat-allergic subjects from potential harm. Practical Application: Buckwheat is becoming a common food ingredient in a number of processed foods due to potentially beneficial nutritional properties, without the celiac disease inducing glutenin proteins of wheat and related cereals. However, buckwheat causes allergy in some individuals and must be labeled and tested accurately to protect those with allergy to buckwheat. We describe the development of a new test assay to help food producers ensure that buckwheat is not present in foods that are not intended to contain buckwheat.     

Development of a Direct Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Fluoroquinolone Residues in Shrimp

Rabbit polyclonal antibodies were generated against norfloxacin, purified, and used as the basis of a direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the screening of fluoroquinolones in shrimp. The developed method used a simple ethanol/acetic acid solvent extraction, which resulted in a 1.0-ng-norfloxacin/g limit of detection (based on the analysis of known negative and fortified shrimp samples). Norfloxacin extraction efficiencies were evaluated at two fortification concentrations and were greater than 70%, with an intra-assay variation less than 30%. The assay displayed greater than 10% cross reactivity against enro-, cipro-, sara-, and difloxacin. Incurred and known negative shrimp samples were analyzed and compared to the results obtained from an independent liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method. All three instances in which fluoroquinolones were present at concentrations near or above the assay limit of detection (1.0 to 17 ng/g) were identified as positive by the newly developed assay, demonstrating the usefulness of this assay as a screening tool.