低阻层覆盖下采空区瞬变电磁场三维响应特征分析

浅部含水层的电阻率相对较低,会降低瞬变电磁探测下方采空区的准确性。为揭示瞬变电磁场在低阻覆盖层下三维含采空区地质模型中的传播规律,指导该条件下瞬变电磁法探测采空区结果的合理解释,通过建立三维地质模型,利用数值模拟方法,分析不同充水程度采空区、不同低阻层厚度和不同采空区埋深三维模型的电磁场响应特征。研究表明,低阻层对电磁场向下扩散有延缓现象,当传播至相同深度时,上方低阻层越厚,电磁场的传播时间越长。低阻层下采空区两侧等值线发生明显弯曲变形,底部则表现为下凹特征。然而,采空区顶部电磁场响应与低阻覆盖层相融,难以识别采空区的顶部埋深。当低阻层厚度每增加约50 m时,电磁场响应幅度约增加2.5倍;当采空区埋深增大约2倍时,下方采空区的电磁响应幅度降低速率相近,并且变化幅度微弱;采空区富水程度增加时,电磁场响应幅度变化相对微弱。以上研究揭示了低阻覆盖层对下方采空区电磁场传播的影响规律和电磁场的传播特征,能够指导相同地质条件下瞬变电磁法探测采空区资料的合理解释。     

阵列式多路同步瞬变电磁定向探测模式研究

基于阵列式分布的多路接收线圈系对靶区同步定向探测是一种新的探测模式,采用与目标体一定距离的单个线圈为发射源,多个接收线圈系垂直布设在源线圈与目标体之间的布设方式;以多路信号通过导线同步连接至瞬变电磁发射机,在同一时刻采集不同空间位置的目标体异常场。相比于传统瞬变电磁法的单道接收,多路线圈系所测量的感应信号具有矢量特性。发射线框周围和后方干扰源的响应信号以及接收线圈系间的互感信号呈现向前衰减规律,前方目标体的异常响应信号表现为增强的变化规律,根据有规律向前增强信号的幅度和变化特征对前方有无低阻体进行判定。算例结果表明,阵列式多路同步瞬变电磁定向探测技术,在解决隧道中存在的目标体方位定向困难及异常识别不准确等问题具有优势,可为超前预报的研究工作提供指导意见。     

大地电磁法三维反演计算模型分辨率分析

设计了3个简单三维电性结构模型,通过模型三维正反演计算来对大地电磁法三维反演计算空间分辨率进行数值模拟,模拟结果表明:大地电磁法对低阻体反应灵敏,对高阻体反应相对薄弱,可以较好地应用于探测浅部、深部低阻异常体;大地电磁测深响应数据具有三维体效应属性,除了反应测点下方电阻分布情况之外,同时也包含测点周边电阻率分布信息,可较好地应用于区域电性结构调查;对于浅部异常体,尤其是低阻异常体,在测点控制区域范围内大地电磁三维反演计算具有较好的三维空间分辨率;对于深部异常体,仅在异常体具有足够尺度情况下,大地电磁三维反演计算才具有较好的三维空间分辨率;无论是浅部异常体还是深部异常体,在异常体具有足够尺度的情况下,即异常体的响应曲线在横向空间域和纵向频率域上具有一定的识别度,大地电磁三维反演计算可以较好地构建出异常体的结构形态,对于尺度不足够大的异常体,大地电磁三维反演计算可以较好地重建地下介质的宏观电性特征。     

瞬变电磁法找水研究

本文用基于张量格林函数的体积分方程法对层状地层中三维溶洞模型进行了瞬变电磁响应的正演模拟,考察溶洞中从不含水到水量逐渐增加时瞬变电磁法对含水层的分辨能力.模拟结果表明,地层不含水时,瞬变电磁法对高阻的溶洞的分辨能力较弱;当溶洞中含水量不同时,瞬变电磁法会有不同程度的显示,水量越多,异常越明显.结果一方面证明瞬变电磁法对高阻体的分辨能力不及低阻体,另一方面说明瞬变电磁法对地下水的探测能力比较灵敏,可以胜任找水的工作.也说明TEM方法不但可以用于找水,还以用于地下水水位的动态监测.     

大地介质影响下地-井瞬变电磁的正演模拟分析

对大地介质影响下地-井瞬变电磁响应特征规律进行了研究.基于时域有限差分法和Mur吸收边界条件对不同观测方式("定源-异井位观测"和"方位观测")下典型地电模型(均质半空间和含浅部低阻层的半空间介质)中三维体的地-井瞬变电磁响应进行了正演模拟,认为观测所得响应是围岩背景场与目标体异常场共同作用的结果,提出大地介质会影响观测结果的观点.研究结果表明:围岩背景场越强,总响应的异常特征越弱;随着观测延时的增加,背景场对总响应的影响减弱;受导电介质影响的观测曲线在剖面形态和衰减特征上与高阻围岩的典型解释模型存在差别.研究结果为相关资料解释工作提供了理论依据.     

回线源三维地—井瞬变电磁法FDTD数值模拟

采用时域有限差分方法(FDTD),以回线源作为激发源.对均匀半空间和垂直断层面进行正演模拟.分析得出:在均匀半空间中,随观测时间延迟,感应电位先增大后减小,响应极大值向下移动;瞬变场在垂直断层面产生突变,在曲线上表现为峰值,低阻体产生响应直观明显,而高阻体响应无变化;对含有低阻体垂直断层面进行正演模拟,异常响应随断层面两侧异常体的电阻率比值增大而增强,识别能力强.研究结果为定性解释地—井瞬变电磁法异常和判断断层面提供参考依据.     

巷道边界条件下矿井瞬变电磁响应研究

研究了巷道对瞬变电磁场的影响,模拟了全空间中介质的瞬变电磁响应特征．提出了适用于矿井三维全空间瞬变电磁法时域有限差分计算的新的巷道边界条件,通过将该边界条件离散为差分格式,并结合时域有限差分法进行计算,研究了1μs到0．8ms之间巷道的存在对瞬变电磁场的影响特征,以及巷道对巷道顶、底板内部的低阻异常体响应的影响、结果表明,由于巷道的高阻作用,使置于巷道中间的发射源,在0．5ms时在巷道两迎头处感应出2个相同的新源,而当发射源置于巷道一端迎头时,在另一迎头处逐渐感应出1个新源,在0、1ms后巷道的边界能清楚的显示出来、另一方面,巷道的延迟作用使低阻体响应的位置在20μs时落后其实际位置6～8m．     

瞬变电磁法在内蒙古门克庆井田富水性探测中的应用研究

瞬变电磁法对低阻异常反映灵敏,在水文地质探测中具有较好优势.采用V8多功能电法仪,综合利用瞬变电磁法小线框中心方式及大定源装置,对浅、中、深含水地层的富水性进行探测,划分其富水区,分析可能存在的导水通道,并对各含水层段或含水区对煤层开采的影响进行评价,以指导煤矿安全生产.     

瞬变电磁法在探测煤矿采空区中的应用

瞬变电磁法是目前工程勘察中应用较广的物探工作方法之一。该方法观测纯二次场,故分辨率高,可分辨出地下规模较小的不均匀体,尤其对低阻地质体反应灵敏。采空区地层有其独特的地电特征,可以利用瞬变电磁法进行探测。笔者将瞬变电磁法用于新汶某煤矿边界老窑采空区探测及河北某城镇采空区圈定,均取得良好的效果。     

瞬变电磁法在探测煤矿采空积水区中的应用

探测煤矿采空积水区通常较难,但可以充分利用瞬变电磁法对低阻地质体反应灵敏和分辨率高的特点,通过精细处理和分析研究,从而有效地探测采空积水区。本文介绍了瞬变电磁法的基本原理,阐述了瞬变电磁法在探测煤矿采空区中的应用,根据工作区域特有的物性地质条件,结合视电阻率断面图,分析视电阻率断面图,探测出煤矿采空区以及积水区的位置及范围。     

瞬变电磁法在岩溶水勘查中的应用

介绍了瞬变电磁法工作原理、特点及工作方法.瞬变电磁法对于施工区有较强的适应能力,工作效率较高.它对低阻充水断层、充泥充水溶洞等低电阻目标物敏感,岩溶含水岩组及断层破碎带的电阻率与其完整的围岩有明显的电性差异.所以主要用于探测含水层、溶洞、陷落柱、含水断层等地质构造情况.选用适当的装置可将瞬变电磁法应用于溶洞的探测,根据...     

Time-depth conversion of transient electromagnetic method used in coal mines

Accuracy of time-depth conversion in data processing of transient electromagnetic prospecting always affects the accurate positioning of water bodies in coal mines. In order to improve the accuracy of time-depth conversion, we established a mathematical model of time-depth conversion for a transient electromagnetic method based on the theory of "double smoke ring effect"of full space transient electromagnetic field transmission. Using a 3-layer as well as a 4-layer geo-electric model for roadway floors,we performed the time-depth conversion of theoretical curves of apparent resistance varying over time. In these curves, the depth corresponding to extreme value points is nearly the same as the depth of a geo-electric model. The position of water body determined by our time-depth conversion method agrees well with the result of borehole drilling, indicating that the established time-depth conversion model can clearly improve the accuracy of spatial positioning of water bodies in coal mines.     

Research on Full Space Transient Electro-magnetism Technique for Detecting Aqueous Structures in Coal Mines

Based on the transmitting theory of ＂smoke ring effect＂, the transient electromagnetism technique was used in coal mines to detect abnormal areas of aquiferous structures in both roofs and floors of coal seams and in front of excavated roadways. Survey devices, working methods and techniques as well as data processing and interpretation are discussed systematically. In addition, the direction of mini-wireframe emission electromagnetic wave of the full space transient electromagnetism technique was verified by an underground borehole for water detection and drainage. The result indicates that this technique can detect both horizontal and vertical development rules of abnormal water bodies to a certain depth below the floor of coal seams and can also detect the abnormal, low resistance water bodies within a certain distance of roofs. Furthermore, it can detect such abnormal bodies in ahead of the excavated roadway front. Limited by the underground environment, the full space transient electromagnetism technique can detect to a depth of only 120 m or so.     

瞬变电磁探水雷达研究

隧道掌子面探水问题,是交通隧道、采矿业、地下空间开发行业一直未解决的难题。由于不同地质环境各种蓄水构造的复杂性,使得以地球物理方法为主的地质预报技术面临着挑战。地震反射法对构造敏感,电法对水敏感,但常规电法由于装置问题很难在隧道掌子面施展。地质雷达由于高频微波段穿透能力的局限性,使得在隧道掌子面探测深度有限。瞬变电磁法利用不接地回线,以其自身的方法优势已广泛应用于隧道掌子面的地质预报中。首次利用浅层瞬变电磁法原理、定源回线装置、全期视电阻率计算、雷达波谱图像处理等技术,研制了相应瞬变电磁探水雷达,并在隧道掌子面、地面岩溶探查方面进行工程应用,验证了浅层瞬变电磁法在地下水探查中的应用效果。     

A moment-based stochastic edge-based smoothed finite element method for electromagnetic forming process

In this paper, a novel stochastic method named as the moment-based stochastic edge-based finite element method(MSES-FEM)is proposed to deal with the uncertain electromagnetic problems. First, electromagnetic and mechanical field are formulated by smoothed Galerkin Weak Form under edge-based smoothed finite element method(ES-FEM) scheme. The moment analysis is then applied to obtain the first four moments of the responses and to observe the effects of each random variable on electromagnetic field responses. The maximum entropy theory is employed to calculate the probability density functions(PDFs) of the responses. A quasi-static electromagnetic problem and a practical electromagnetic forming problem(EMF) are performed. The proposed method successfully solves stochastic electromagnetic forming analysis under the uncertain parameters. Numerical results obtained by the proposed MSES-FEM are quite satisfactory with the ones by the Monte Carlo simulation(MCS).     

Experiment in metal disturbance during advanced detection using a transient electromagnetic method in coal mines

Tunneling machines,or excavators,are large and good conductors and affect the reliability of data gathering and interpretation in advanced detection using transient electromagnetic methods.In our experiment,we used a coincident-loop and central loop type of configuration,where the coil plane 1) vertical to and 2) parallel to the working face.A SIROTEM instrument at different locations was used to observe the transient electromagnetic responses of the excavator and to analyze the response amplitudes.The result shows that the tunneling machine affects the advanced detection data and is related to the way the coil is coupled.When the excavator is 6 m from the observatory,the interference of tunneling machine can be ignored.     

长偏移距瞬变电磁信号小波阈值去噪效果分析

长偏移距瞬变电磁法用于地下深部勘探时,观测到的垂直磁场脉冲响应非常微弱,常伴有严重噪声,从原始信号中消除噪声获得有用信息非常重要。为此笔者研究小波阈值方案对长瞬变电磁信号的去噪能力。实验中对西部某勘探区垂直磁场信号采用Sqtwolog,SURE,Heuristic和Minimax等阈值方案进行小波去噪比较,结果表明：几种小波阈值去噪方案对瞬变电磁法垂直磁场的染噪信号均能提高一定量的信噪比,达到较好的去噪效果;不同的阈值方案去噪效果各有差异,采用启发式阈值方案对实验数据处理效果要优于其它几种方案,因此根据信号统计分布特征选择合适方案去噪效果;实测信号去噪结果包含信息需要结合勘探区情况分析,是地下电性特征的反映还是未去除的噪声要慎重对待。在长偏移距电性源瞬变电磁法用于地下深部勘探时,利用适当小波阈值去噪处理可以对资料处理工作带来有益的帮助。     

浅湖区水上瞬变电磁法探测地下构造效果研究

本文应用水上瞬变电磁方法探测承德坝上地区月亮湖水文地质结构.为了解浅湖区深部地层、断裂及导水构造特征,在总结前人开展的水(海)上瞬变电磁勘探经验的基础上,采用晚期道信噪比较高的中心回线(大定源)瞬变电磁装置,对水下岩层垂向结构及隐伏断裂进行了探测.通过采集试验确定了有效的工作参数,在严格数据采集过程、选用合理的数据处理...     

Definition and Classification of Low-Resistivity Oil Zones

Although the analysis of the microcosmic mechanism for low-resistivity oil zones has received much attention in China, the intrinsic relationship between low-resistivity oil zones and geological background is still under-developed. Based on the geology and logging analysis, we redefine low-resistivity oil zones. According to their genesis, low-resistivity oil zones can be distinguished as five different classes： low-resistivity oil zones formed by tectonic settings, by depositional settings, by diagenetic settings, by invaded settings and those which are formed by the compounding geneses respectively. We make the following observations from this study on the definition and classification of low-resistivity oil zones： 1） A low-resistivity oil reservoir has macroscopic and microscopic unity. 2） The genesis of low-resistivity oil zones varies with the type of petroliferous basin. 3） Some low-resistivity oil zones can be forecasted based on the geological study results. 4） The results in this paper suggest that well logging information is generated from two cause mechanisms, the geophysical factors and the geological setting. Future studies on the geological background cause mechanism and the theory of well logging information will enrich the theory of logging geology and improve the ability to forecast oil zones.     

瞬变电磁法小线圈装置过渡过程影响研究

接收线圈分布参数对早期瞬变电磁信号影响严重,导致信号的有效采样时间起始点后延,丢失浅层探测信息。本文比较了过渡过程影响下的视电阻率误差,并描绘视电阻率误差随接收装置半径变化曲线。结果表明,在相同有效接收面积的前提下,选择不同半径的接收装置对视电阻率计算会带来不同程度的影响,解决工程实际中接收线圈最佳半径设计问题。