转基因食品的安全性分析

<正>转基因食品是生物技术的产物,即所谓转基因食品,就是通过基因工程技术将一种或几种外源性基因转移到某种特定的生物体中,并使其有效地表达出相应的产物(多肽或蛋白质),产生转基因生物(genetically mortified organisms),此过程叫转基因,以转基因生物为原料加工生产的食品就是转基因食品。根据其来源的不同可分为植物性转基因食品,动物     

转基因食品检测技术及方法不断发展和完善

正所谓转基因食品,就是通过基因工程技术将一种或几种外源性基因转移到某种特定的生物体中,并使其有效地表达出相应的产物(多肽或蛋白质),此过程叫转基因。现在社会上对转基因食品的安全度关注点极高,所以对转基因食品的检测技术也相应地在不断发展和完善。根据转基因食品来源的不同可分为植物性转基因食品、转基因酵母疫苗、转基因工程菌抗生素、动物性转基因食品和微生物性转基因食品。目前,我国的不少转基因因技术属世界领先水平,但应     

解读WHO对转基因食品常见问题的说明

1.什么是转基因生物和转基因食品? 转基因生物可被定义为遗传物质通过非自然交配或非自然重组的方式发生改变的生物体(即植物、动物或微生物).这种技术通常称为“现代生物技术”或“基因技术”,有时也称为“重组DNA技术”或“基因工程”.通过这种技术可将选定的个体基因由一个生物体转移到另一个生物体,也可在不相关的物种之间进行转移.而转基因生物生产的食品一般称为转基因食品.     

转基因食品安全检测技术与管控措施

转基因是将一种或几种外源性基因片段(DNA或RNA)转移到农作物、动物或微生物中,从而使其表达出优良性状,以这类生物作为原料的食品就是转基因食品。转基因食品自问世以来就一直备受争议,源于人们对其安全性的担忧,因此需要建立一系列快速高效的检测技术及完备的管理体系来应对转基因食品带来的问题。     

转基因食品检测技术的进展研究

正伴随着科学技术的不断发展,转基因检测技术在农业中的运用范围也在逐步加强。转基因食品为我国的发展带来了很大的经济收益,提高了农业发展空间。近几年来,我国转基因食品检测技术在不断发展,逐渐成熟,然而很多人也对转基因食品的安全问题表示质疑。转基因食品的概念转基因食品工程是应用基因工程技术把一种或多种外源性基因从生物体外挪用到一种设定的生物体中,使     

“转基因食品检测与研究”专题征稿

<正>转基因食品是指利用基因工程(转基因)技术在物种基因组中嵌入(非同种)特定的外源基因的食品,包括转基因植物食品、转基因动物食品和转基因微生物食品。转基因作为一种新兴的生物技术手段,它的不成熟和不确定性,使得转基因食品的安全性成为人们关注的焦点。鉴于此,本刊特别策划了"转基因食品检测与研究"专题,由中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所李奎教授担任专题主编,围绕转基因食品成分检测、转基因食品特性研究、转基因食品研究现状等或您认为本领域     

“转基因食品检测与研究”专题征稿

<正>转基因食品是指利用基因工程(转基因)技术在物种基因组中嵌入(非同种)特定的外源基因的食品,包括转基因植物食品、转基因动物食品和转基因微生物食品。转基因作为一种新兴的生物技术手段,它的不成熟和不确定性,使得转基因食品的安全性成为人们关注的焦点。鉴于此,本刊特别策划了"转基因食品检测与研究"专题,由中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所李奎教授担任专题主编,围绕转基因食品成分检测、转基因食品特性研究、转基因食品研究现状等或您认为本领域有意义的问题进行论述,计划在2014年8月份出版。     

“转基因食品检测与研究”专题征稿

<正>转基因食品是指利用基因工程(转基因)技术在物种基因组中嵌入(非同种)特定的外源基因的食品,包括转基因植物食品、转基因动物食品和转基因微生物食品。转基因作为一种新兴的生物技术手段,它的不成熟和不确定性,使得转基因食品的安全性成为人们关注的焦点。鉴于此,本刊特别策划了"转基因食品检测与研究"专题,由中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所李奎教     

电化学功能核酸生物传感器在转基因食品检测中的发展现状

正本文从转基因食品的概念出发,对转基因的发展及其所引发的安全风险进行了简要说明,然后对转基因食品的检测方法进行了简单的阐述,并着重介绍了目前电化学功能核酸生物传感器方法检测转基因的发展,最后,对将来的检测方向进行了展望。1转基因作物的发展历程转基因生物(genetically modified organisms,GMOs)是指利用基因工程技术将某些外源性的基因转移到动物、植物或微生物体内,与生物体自身的基因进行重组后得到稳定     

欧盟评估一种来自转基因荧光假单胞菌的α-淀粉酶的安全性

2020年3月5日,欧盟食品安全局发布关于来自一种转基因荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)的α-淀粉酶(alpha-amylase)安全性的评估结果。据了解,这种食品酶是由BASF Enzymes LLC1公司用转基因枯草芽孢杆菌菌株BD15754生产的。这种食品酶旨在用于蒸馏酒精生产和用于生产葡萄糖浆的淀粉加工,不含生产生物体的活细胞和重组DNA。     

Four questions on European consumers’ attitudes toward the use of genetic modification in food production

Four questions on European consumers’ attitudes to the use of genetic modification (GM) in food production are posed and answered: (1) how negative are consumer attitudes to GM applications in food production? (2) How do these attitudes affect perception of and preference for products involving GM applications? (3) How deeply rooted are these attitudes? (4) Will the attitudes change due to more information and/or product experience? Drawing on two major studies researching these questions, it is concluded that consumer attitudes towards GM in food production are negative, that these negative attitudes guide the perception of food products involving the use of GM and lead to a range of sweeping negative associations which overshadow potential benefits perceived, that these negative attitudes are embedded in a system of more general attitudes, especially attitude to nature, to technology, and alienation from the marketplace, implying that they are deeply rooted, and that they will not easily be changed by information. They may change, however, due to own experience with products produced using GM and involving clear consumer benefits.     

Health risks of genetically modified foods

As genetically modified (GM) foods are starting to intrude in our diet concerns have been expressed regarding GM food safety. These concerns as well as the limitations of the procedures followed in the evaluation of their safety are presented. Animal toxicity studies with certain GM foods have shown that they may toxically affect several organs and systems. The review of these studies should not be conducted separately for each GM food, but according to the effects exerted on certain organs it may help us create a better picture of the possible health effects on human beings. The results of most studies with GM foods indicate that they may cause some common toxic effects such as hepatic, pancreatic, renal, or reproductive effects and may alter the hematological, biochemical, and immunologic parameters. However, many years of research with animals and clinical trials are required for this assessment. The use of recombinant GH or its expression in animals should be re-examined since it has been shown that it increases IGF-1 which may promote cancer.     

The consumption of genetically modified foods in Italian high school students

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) can be defined as organisms in which the DNA has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally. Such methods are used to create GM plants – which are then used to grow (GM) food crops. GM foods have the potential to solve many of the world’s hunger and malnutrition problems, and to help protect and preserve the environment by increasing yield and reducing reliance upon chemical pesticides and herbicides. Nevertheless, the consumption of GM foods provokes doubts and hesitations among consumers, especially in Italy. This paper has two aims, the first is to investigate genetically modified (GM) foods consumption in Italian high school students through a large sample size survey on 2122 students randomly selected in 39 schools of a metropolitan area (Naples, South-Italy). The second, by examining the behavioural process that drives individual’s perceptions of GM food taking advantage of an empirical choice methodology that corrects for endogeneity in decision making relationships, namely structural equation model (SEM). The results show that a very large percentage of students never or rarely eat GM food and a lot of them do not suggest the consumption of GM food. The proposed SEM is a full formative measurement model and shows that GM foods consumption in Italian students depends on the knowledge of GMO and on the impact of the GMO on the men’s health and on the environment. Therefore, in order to orient population it could be realized a standardized evaluation systems relative to human health and environment consequences produced by GM organisms and GM foods.     

转基因食品的法律规制研究

转基因食品作为生物科技发展的重要成果,其对人类的作用同样具有其它科技成果的两面性。由于转基因食品相对于普通食品的特殊性,必须对其可能产生的问题进行有效的法律规制。欧美日等发达国家为此专门建立了试验和上市的审批制度、隔离制度以及标识制度,美国还建立了转基因食品监管非歧视的法律原则。结合中国转基因食品法律规制现状,应当采取对其正式立法、颁布可操作性强的具体实施条例、建立产业准入制度、加强执法方面的投入以及坚持非歧视的法律原则等方面的措施,才能保证中国转基因食品的法律规制达到既能有效地防范转基因食品产生的特殊安全风险,又不阻碍转基因产业的正常发展的良好效果。     

我国食品转基因标识研究

21世纪是生物技术的世纪,转基因食品的研究与开发已经成为学术界乃至广大公众的话题。转基因作物的成本低、产量高;具有抗除草荆、抗虫和抗病毒等特性;提高转基因食品的品质和营养价值;转基因食品便于运输、贮藏;增加保鲜性。转基因食品在给人类带来巨大效益的同时也存在着各种风险以及问题。转基因食品是否安全?转基因食品是否应该进行标识?对转基因食品应该如何标识才能保障广大消费者利益?本文正是在这一大背景下。在论证转基因食品标识必要性的基础上论述了美国和欧盟两大发达国家的标识制度;分析了我国转基因食品标识制度的现状,同时借鉴发达国家经验指出了转基因食品标识所存在的问题并在此基础上提出了一系列建议措施。     

转基因水稻食用安全性评价国内外概况

转基因水稻的研制与开发已经达到了可商业化阶段,但是出于对其食用与环境安全性的忧虑,目前还没有国家批准转基因水稻商品化。我国已经发现有疑似转基因稻种出现在市场上,这就迫切要求我们加快对转基因水稻的安全性评价尤其是食用安全性评价的研究,建立相应的评价标准,以规范转基因水稻的商业化及生产。本文主要从转基因水稻的营养成分实质等同性分析,动物营养学评价,体内及体外毒理学评价,致敏性评价及外源基因的水平转移五个角度对转基因水稻的国内外食用安全性评价工作进行了综述,以期为以后的食用安全性评价及标准体系的建立提供参考。     

Adaptation of the ToxRTool to Assess the Reliability of Toxicology Studies Conducted with Genetically Modified Crops and Implications for Future Safety Testing

To determine the reliability of food safety studies carried out in rodents with genetically modified (GM) crops, a Food Safety Study Reliability Tool (FSSRTool) was adapted from the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods’ (ECVAM) ToxRTool. Reliability was defined as the inherent quality of the study with regard to use of standardized testing methodology, full documentation of experimental procedures and results, and the plausibility of the findings. Codex guidelines for GM crop safety evaluations indicate toxicology studies are not needed when comparability of the GM crop to its conventional counterpart has been demonstrated. This guidance notwithstanding, animal feeding studies have routinely been conducted with GM crops, but their conclusions on safety are not always consistent. To accurately evaluate potential risks from GM crops, risk assessors need clearly interpretable results from reliable studies. The development of the FSSRTool, which provides the user with a means of assessing the reliability of a toxicology study to inform risk assessment, is discussed. Its application to the body of literature on GM crop food safety studies demonstrates that reliable studies report no toxicologically relevant differences between rodents fed GM crops or their non-GM comparators.     

植物源高营养型转基因食品的研究进展

近年来植物源的高营养型转基因食品成为转基因技术研究的热点,旨在为消费者提供更富营养、高生物利用率及低致敏性的营养食品,为人类健康造福。本文对植物源高营养型转基因食品的发展现状、安全性问题进行了综述,并就我国转基因食品的发展进行了展望。     

转基因食品安全性评价研究进展

自1996年以来,转基因作物的大规模商业化生产为人们带来了巨大的社会经济效益,但是转基因技术存在一定的风险性,因此加强转基因食品的安全性评价和标准化管理显得尤为迫切和重要。本文从营养学、毒理学、过敏性等方面综述了转基因食品的食用安全性评价,并多角度探讨了转基因食品安全性评价的关键问题,包括用不同动物实验评价转基因食品的食用安全性,新型转基因植物的安全性评价,以及转基因食品的食用安全标准化等,以期使读者对转基因食品的食用安全性有更加系统、全面的了解。     

An overview of genetically modified crop governance,issues and challenges in Malaysia

The application of agricultural biotechnology attracts the interest of many stakeholders. Genetically modified (GM) crops, for example, have been rapidly increasing in production for the last 20 years. Despite their known benefits, GM crops also pose many concerns not only to human and animal health but also to the environment. Malaysia, in general, allows the use of GM technology applications but it has to come with precautionary and safety measures consistent with the international obligations and domestic legal frameworks. This paper provides an overview of GM crop technology from international and national context and explores the governance and issues surrounding this technology application in Malaysia. Basically, GM research activities in Malaysia are still at an early stage of research and development and most of the GM crops approved for release are limited for food, feed and processing purposes. Even though Malaysia has not planted any GM crops commercially, actions toward such a direction seem promising. Several issues concerning GM crops as discussed in this paper will become more complex as the number of GM crops and varieties commercialised globally increase and Malaysia starts to plant GM crops. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry