双能X射线骨密度仪测定技术研究

以Ｌｕｎａｒ公司ＤＰＸ－Ｌ型双能Ｘ射线骨密度仪为例，研究引起测量误差的主要因素并提出质控措施。用自检模块、腰椎体膜评定仪器的体外测量精度好于１％。对１０位志愿者重复２次测量，体内精度对腰椎，ＭＰＤ（平均百分差）为０．４６，ＣＶ（变异系数）为０．７５；对股骨颈，ＭＰＤ为１．２６、ＣＶ为０．４７；Ｗａｒｄ’ｓ三角区ＭＰＤ为２．０１、ＣＶ为１．１４；大转子ＭＰＤ为１．６６、ＣＶ为０．７２。扫描图像由２位     

^99mTc—MDP放化纯测定法的改进

采用纸层析方法，以０．９％氯化钠（Ⅰ）和８５％甲醇（Ⅱ）为两个展开剂系统，测定了＾９９ｍＴｃ、＾９９ｍＴｃ－胶体和＾９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＤＰ的Ｒｆ值。其Ｒｆ值在Ⅰ中分别为０．６８－０．７６、０和１．０；在Ⅱ中分别为０．６－０．７、０和０。结果表明，用Ⅰ可将＾９９ｍＴｃ－胶体与＾９９ｍＴｃ和＾９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＤＰ分离；用Ⅱ可将＾９９ｍＴｃ与＾９９ｍＴｃ－胶体和＾９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＤＰ分离。条件试验的结果表明，在     

^147Pm在大鼠体内的滞留及其诱发血淋巴细胞染色体畸变

本文研究了＾１４７Ｐｍ在大鼠体内的滞留过程：发现仅在早期降低较快，以后的降低极为缓慢，注入后７ｄ的滞留方程可拟合为：Ｒ（ｔ）＝０．１９９ｅ＾－０．１４５２ｔ＋０．８１２ｅ＾－０．００８ｔ，可见包括两个快慢组分的半滞留期，即Ｔ１＝４．１７ｄ，Ｔ２＝８１６．３ｄ。     

陕西省环境天然贯穿辐射水平调查研究

本文报道了陕西省环境天然贯穿辐射水平调查的方法和结果。全省以２５ｋｍ×２５ｋｍ的网格均匀布点，共布设网格点３５９个，另外布设各类加密点４３３个。调查结果表明：（１）陕西省原野γ辐射剂量率按面积、人口和网格点的加权均值分别为６２．０、６３．０和６１．０ｎＧｙ·ｈ￣（－１）；（２）道路γ辐射剂量率按网格点平均为６３．０ｎＧｙ·ｈ￣（－１）；（３）室内γ辐射剂量率按人口和网格点加权均值分别为１００．０和９８．０ｎＧｙ·ｈ￣（－１）；（４）宇宙射线电离成分（不包括中子成分）所致空气吸收剂量率按网格点和人口加权均值，室内分别为３２．０和３１．０ｎＧｙ·ｈ￣（－１），室外分别为３７．０和３６．０ｎＧｙ·ｈ￣（－１）；（５）天然贯穿辐射剂量率，按网格点和人口加权均值，室内分别为１３０．０和１３１．０ｎＧｙ·ｈ￣（－１），室外均为９９．０ｎＧｙ·ｈ￣（－１）；（６）天然γ辐射、宇宙射线和天然贯穿辐射所致居民人均年有效剂量当量分别为０．５５、０．２８和０．８３ｍＳｖ；所致集体年有效剂量当量分别为１．６３、０．８３和２．４６×１０￣４人·Ｓｖ。     

人总体水的GC／MS法测定

采用自化学电离ＧＣ／ＭＳ技术，以氘水为人体内示踪剂，测定了氘水在５例成人体内的平衡速度，并比较在血、尿和唾液样品中的异同。根据摄入氘水后２．５、３．０、３．５小时唾液中同位素的平均稀释程度计算了一组正常中国成人体内总体人等参数。     

低剂量X射线照射诱导小鼠生殖细胞适应性反应的研究

本实验以０．０５－０．３０Ｇｙ的Ｘ射线预先对雄性昆明种小白鼠照射，４ｈ再以１．５ＧｙＸ射线照射，观察其精原细胞、初级精母细胞染色体畸变和精原干细胞染色昀位的适应性反应。结果表明，预先照射剂量在０．０５－０．３０Ｇｙ之间都能诱导出适应性的反应；剂量越小，诱导出生的适应性反应越明显，最佳剂量为０．０５Ｇｙ。     

~（99m）Tc－MDP放化纯测定法的改进

采用纸层析方法，以０．９％氯化钠（Ⅰ）和８５％甲醇（Ⅱ）为两个展开剂系统，测定了９９ｍＴｃ、９９ｍＴｃ－胶体和９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＤＰ的Ｒｆ值。其Ｒｆ值在Ⅰ中分别为０．６８—０．７６、０和１．０；在Ⅱ中分别为０．６－０．７、０和０．结果表明，用Ⅰ可将９９ｍＴｃ－胶体与９９ｍＴｃ和９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＤＰ分离；用Ⅱ可将９９ｍＴｃ与９９ｍＴｃ－胶体和９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＤＰ分离．条件试验的结果表明，在两个系统中选择新华一号滤纸为载体，并在Ⅰ中采用氮压下展层的方法，可用以测定９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＤＰ的放化纯，其方法简便、可行、有效。     

高温诱导小鼠胚胎对60Co γ射线的适应性反应

为研究高温复合电离辐射对小鼠早期的胚胎效应，选用以孕９ｌＬＡＣＡ小鼠，给予４２℃１０ｍｉｎ１．０Ｇｙ＾６０Ｃｏγ射线处理。于孕后第１８天取出胎鼠，观察生长发育情况，测量脑ＤＮＡ、ＲＮＡ、蛋白质含量。结果显示，与对照组相比１．０Ｇｙ胚鼠组发育迟缓，核酸、蛋白质含量明显下降，而４２℃组变化不显著，４２℃＋１．０Ｇｙ照射组损伤程序介于４２℃组与１．０Ｇｙ组之间。这表明１．０Ｇｙ＾６０Ｃｏγ线使胎鼠生长发     

职业性汞中毒的诊疗措施

介绍了职业性汞中毒的诊断方法、治疗措施和络合综合征的处理办法。依据接触史、尿汞水平和临床表现，结合我国现行诊断慢性汞中毒的标准，可对接触汞职工进行汞中毒程度的诊断；驱汞治疗以二琉基丁二酸等络合剂为首选；通过减小用药剂量和补充必需微量元素，可降低络合综合征的发生。     

人胎盘催乳素（HPL）放射免疫分析试剂盒的研制

本试剂盒采用氯胺Ｔ法标记的＾１２５Ｉ－ＨＰＬ与ＨＰＬ（标准品或人血清中ＨＰＬ）竞争结合ＨＰＬ抗体，用ＤＰ－Ｒ免疫沉淀剂分离，用于直接测定人血清中的ＨＰＬ含量。经方法学鉴定，其灵敏度为０．００５ｍｇ／Ｌ；回收率为９２．７－１０６．３％；零管结合率为３０％－７０％；非牧民结合率小于５．０％；测量范围为０．１－１０．０ｍｇ／Ｌ；批内变异系数为３．４％－３．８％；批间变异系数为９．２－１０．６％；温育时间     

TOTAL AND METHYL MERCURY LEVELS IN HUMAN SCALP HAIRS

The contents of total and methyl mercury in scalp hair samples of 1179 fishermen living at a typical Hg-polluted region in Northeast China and 27 lying-in women and their new born babies in Beijing have been determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis,gas chromatography(electron coupling)and other techniques.Only 18 of all fishermen have the Hg contents above 5μg/g,which indicates that the Hg pollution there has been substantially alleviated.The longitudinal Hg patterns of the lying-in women show a gradually lowering tendency during pregnant period.Further,the Hg contents of the new-born babies are generally above or close to those of their mothers,confirming the mechanism that the methyl Hg,an organic species of Hg with high toxicity,is readily able to penetrate the placental barrier and accumulated in fetus.Thus,the mercury poison has occurred at the early stage of pregnancy.     

我国高汞低硒地区母子体头发中汞和硒的相关性研究

用仪器中子活化法研究了我国高汞低硒地区第二松花江流域２９对母子体头发中汞、硒水平及其相关性，结果指出，子体中的汞含量与母体相当，而子体中的硒大多比母体的高，硒与汞的摩尔比值亦是子体比母体的高４０％左右，这表明子体能从母体中摄取较多的硒，以抵御汞的毒性，这种“自保护”机制对母体中的胎儿发育起着极为重要的作用。     

发汞中子活化分析和原子荧光分析方法的比较

中子活化分析法测汞具有灵敏、准确、无试剂空白、能作多元素同时分析的优点。但与某些非核分析方法比较，分析成本比较高，需考虑汞的辐射稳定性而使方法复杂化，对某些低汞含量生物样品的分析必需作某些干扰元素的分离，测试步骤复杂，操作费力，耗时长。原子荧光光度法作为一种非核分析法测汞，同样具有灵敏、准确和重现性好的优点，而且方法简单、快速，分析成本低，结合样品分离和测定条件的选择，可同时作发汞和有机汞的测定。     

白血病患者头发中钙及微量元素的初步研究

应用放射性核素~(238)Pu源激发X射线荧光法测定了63例白血病患者头发中钙及锶、铅、锌、铜、镍、铁、锰、铬、钛等9种微量元素的含量。与同期苏州地区115名正常成人头发微量元素相比,发现男女患者发中Zn、Cu和Ca含量均明显下降,而Pb含量均显著上升(p≤0.05或p<0.001)。此外男性患者发中Ni、Fe、Mn、Cr亦明显上升,而女性患者发中Sr明显下降(p<0.05或p<0.001)。男性白血病发病率高于女性,可能同男性患者发中Mn、Fe、Ni、Cr含量显著升高有关。     

头发中钙及微量元素含量的性别差异研究

用X射线荧光分析法测定了上海和苏州地区4127例居民头发中钙及9种微量元素的含量,发现不管地区与年龄如何,发中Sr、Mn、Ca的含量总是女性高于男性,而Pb含量总是男性高于女性,差异非常显著(p<0.01)。从不同生理条件下发中元素含量的比较中也可以看出,这些元素必然与女性的某些特殊生理功能有联系。     

用核分析技术研究儿童运动员补充强化铁剂食品的效果

用中子活化分析，同步辐射Ｘ射线荧光分析和血液分析测定了３７名儿童运动员在分别补充０、８、１６ｍｇ／ｄ的铁三个月后头发和血液中铁含量的变化。结果表明，补铁后男运动员铁蛋白达到正常水平，发铁随补铁量增加而增加，但不成正比。多数女运动员有相似结果。     

Mercury and gold concentrations of highly polluted environmental samples determined using prompt gamma-ray analysis and instrument neutron activation analysis

The authors have established a method of determining mercury and gold in severely polluted environmental samples using prompt gamma-ray analysis (PGA) and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Since large amounts of mercury are constantly being released into the environment by small-scale gold mining in many developing countries, the mercury concentration in tailings and water has to be determined to mitigate environmental pollution. Cold-vapor atomic absorption analysis, the most pervasive method of mercury analysis, is not suitable because tailings and water around mining facilities have extremely high mercury concentrations. On the other hand, PGA can determine high mercury concentrations in polluted samples as it has an appropriate level of sensitivity. Moreover, gold concentrations can be determined sequentially by using INAA after PGA. In conclusion, the analytical procedure established in this work using PGA and INAA is the best way to evaluate the degree of pollution and the tailing resource value. This method will significantly contribute to mitigating problems in the global environment.     

Dynamic Response of Mercury Subjected to Pressure Wave

The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) is carrying out R&D for constructing the facility of high intensity spallation neutron source which may bring us innovative science fields. A high power pulsed proton beam will be injected into a mercury target for nuclear spallation reaction. Due to the pulsed proton injection, mercury is heated rapidly and pressure waves are generated. The mercury target vessel, in which mercury is enclosed, is subjected to the pressure waves. Dynamic response of mercury, such as the pressure waves in mercury, is important to evaluate the integrity of the mercury target vessel. In order to examine the dynamic response of mercury, we have carried out impact experiments on mercury by using the split-Hopkinson pressure-bar (SHPB) technique. Numerical analyses were also carried out to verify the analytical model by using an explicit FEM code. It is found that the analytical results approximately represented the experimental results in a very early stage of impact. And it is recognized that the stiffness of mercury under impact condition was independent of the impact velocity in this experimental range. Furthermore, many pits were found on the surfaces being in contact with mercury.     

Development of microbubble generator for suppression of pressure waves in mercury target of spallation source

A MW-class mercury target for the spallation neutron source is subjected to the pressure waves and cavitation erosion induced by high-intense pulsed-proton beam bombardment. Helium-gas microbubbles injection into mercury is one of the effective techniques to suppress the pressure waves. The microbubble injection technique was developed. The selection test of bubble generators indicated that the bubble generator utilizing swirl flow of liquid (swirl-type bubble-generator) will be suitable from the viewpoint of the produced bubble size. However, when single swirl-type bubble-generator was used in flowing mercury, swirl flow of mercury remains at downstream of the generator. The remaining swirl flow causes the coalescence of bubbles which results in ineffective suppression of pressure waves. To solve this concern, a multi-swirl type bubble-generator, which consists of several single swirl-type bubble-generators arraying in the plane perpendicular to mercury flow direction, was invented. The multi-swirl type bubble-generator was tested in mercury and the geometry was optimized to generate small bubble with low flow resistance based on the test results. It is estimated to generate the microbubbles of 65 μm in radius under the operational condition of the Japanese Spallation Neutron Source mercury target, which is the sufficient size to suppress the pressure waves.