铝转子单边盘式感应电机的新型等效电路

铝转子单边盘式感应电机气隙较大,主要参数随半径变化,用传统电机分析法会造成较大误差,且无法准确描述铝转子中集肤效应的影响.采用一种新的电磁模型,利用分环计算和多层行波磁场模型有效解决了该电机存在的特殊问题,提高了模型精度.通过磁场分布计算得到电机的T型等效电路.分析了等效电路中电感和电阻参数.制作样机并通过空载试验和短路试验测定其T型等效电路参数,试验结果与计算结果误差较小,证明该方法能准确估算铝转子单边盘式感应电机的主要参数.计算电机电磁转矩随转差率变化的情况,高转差率下的实验转矩输出值与计算值接近.     

A novel numerical model for billet reheating furnace

A numerical model of billet reheating furnace is proposed, which includes heat fluxes calculation around four billet surfaces and two-dimensional conduction calculation inside billet. Radiation and convection heat fluxes on top and bottom surfaces are calculated simultaneously, based on quartic and linear difference between furnace gas and billet surface temperatures, while furnace gas temperature is determined according to thermocouple values along furnace length together with billet surface temperature. Lateral fluxes are also calculated considering angle factor on billets interval. Two-dimensional partial differential equation is acquired for billet conduction to determine temperature distribution, which is discretised and solved by Alternating Direction Implicit and TriDiagonal Matrix Algorithm. Two embedded thermocouple experiments were carried out to verify furnace gas temperature, the effect of billet interval on lateral heat flux calculation as well as billet temperature. It met agreement well with experiments on billet temperature, which could be a better prerequisite for further reheating furnace automatic control.     

A model for the packing of cells

An integrated course in Preventive and Community Medicine was introduced at the Christchurch Clinical School, New Zealand in 1974. Details of the fourth and fifth clinical years as well as the elective studies in the trainee intern (sixth) year are presented. The implications of the topic studies, rotating attachments, preventive medical examinations, preventive medical ward rounds, problem-orientated record studies, simulated disabilities and Clinico-Pathological Conferences are discussed. Some preliminary conclusions are drawn from the evaluation of this course.     

A novel analytical model for hysteresis loops of exchange-coupled hard-soft magnets

Hard/soft permanent magnets have attracted a lot of attention because of their rich magnetic properties and their potential for realizing giant energy products. However, energy products obtained by scientists in experiments are much smaller than the theoretical values, which has been studied by various analytical and numerical methods. The famous Stoner-Wohlfarth model(S-W model) is too simple to give the hysteresis loops whereas the intensively used variational method is too complicated to reveal the underlying mechanism in a simple form. The analytical model proposed in this paper maintains a balance between simplicity and precision, where the spins in the soft layer rotate fast and coherently with the applied field while those in the hard layer response to the applied field much slower but also coherent. An exchange coupling is provided to maintain the exchange spring which drags the spins in the hard layer to follow those in the soft layer. Similar to the more sophisticated model, the calculated hysteresis loops display three typical magnetic phases, i.e., the rigid composite magnet, the exchange spring and decoupled magnet, whereas the simple SW model can only give one single phase, i.e., the rigid composite one. In addition to the hysteresis loop, the energy product and the nucleation fields have been calculated and compared with those calculated by other methods, which justifies our model.Careful comparisons show that our calculations are in good agreement with the experimental results and other theoretical results, especially for the important coercivity value and the related mechanism.     

T-S模糊控制系统的虚拟等价系统及稳定性判据

针对未知确定性被控对象和未知非线性时变对象,通过构造虚拟等价系统的方法研究T-S模糊控制系统的稳定性.采用虚拟等价系统的目的在于降低原问题的难度,改进现有稳定性判据的保守性.分析结果表明,T-S模糊控制系统的稳定性主要取决于局部模型的精度、模糊规则的正确性以及局部控制器的镇定性.     

A neuromime system for neural circuit analysis

A system of electronic analog neurons (neuromimes) for modeling the activity in small neuronal networks is described. The system consists of sixteen analogs that simulate the integrative neuronal properties at the axon hillock and sixty-four analogs that serve to simulate synaptic interactions. The neuromime properties are based on a potential model incorporating the following properties: membrane potential, threshold, refractory period, adaptation, post-inhibitory rebound, accommodation and pacemaker potential. Use of matrix switch boards provides for convenient interconnection of the neuromime elements, allowing the construction of even complex circuits.     

磨矿分级回路计算机分布式控制系统

本文介绍了金川公司选矿厂３￣＃系统磨矿分级回路的对象特性和控制策略，以及计算机分布式控制系统的硬件组成和软件设计。实践证明，该系统达到了预期效果，具有一定的推广使用价值。     

A model for the stimulation of taste receptor cells by salt

A taste cell mucosal surface is regarded as a planar region containing bound anionic sites and openings to ionic channels. It is assumed that the bulk aqueous properties of the exterior phase are not continuous with the surface but terminate at a plane near the surface. The region between the (Stern) plane and the membrane is regarded as having a lower dielectric constant than bulk water. This fact admits the possibility of ion pair formation between fixed sites and mobile cations. Mobile ion pairs entering the region may also bind to a fixed anionic site. Thus, it is assumed that mobile cations and ion pairs are potential determining species at the surface. Binding cations neutralizes surface charges, whereas binding mobile ion pairs does not. This competition accounts for the observed anion effect on stimulation of tast receptors by sodium salts. The potential profile is constructed by superimposing the phase boundary potentials with an ionic diffusion potential across the membrane. The model accounts for the anion effect on receptor potential, pH effects, the reversal of polarity when cells are treated with FeCl3, and the so-called "water reponse," depolarization of the taste cell upon dilution of the stimulant solution below a critical lower limit. The proposed model does not require both bound cationic and anionic receptors, and further suggests that limited access to a Stern-like region continuous with membrane channels may generally serve to control transport of ions.     

A novel DNA-peptide complex for efficient gene transfer and expression in mammalian cells

To develop a nonviral gene delivery system for treatment of diseases, our strategy is to construct DNA complexes with short synthetic peptides that mimic the functions of viral proteins. We have designed and synthesized two peptides which emulate viral functions - a DNA condensing agent, YKAK(8)WK, and an amphipathic, pH-dependent endosomal releasing agent, GLFEALLELLESLWELLLEA. The active gene delivery complex was constructed step-wise through a spontaneous self-assembly process involving oppositely charged, electrostatic interactions. To assemble DNA-peptide complexes with different overall net charges, only the negative charges of DNA phosphate, the positive charges of the 10 epsilon-amino groups of YKAK(8)WK and the negative charges of the 5 gamma-carboxyl groups of GLFEALLELLESLWELLLEA were considered. In the first step, negatively charged DNA was rapidly-mixed with an excess of YKAK(8)WK to form positively charged DNA-YKAK(8)WK complexes, which gave little gene transfer. In the second step and to form the active complex,the cationic DNA complex was rapidly mixed with spontaneously incorporated through electrostatic interactions. Transfection using these complexes of CMV-luc, YKAK(8)WK and GLFEALLELLESLWELLLEA gave high-levels of gene expression in a variety of cell lines. These simple DNA complexes, which contain only three molecularly defined components, have general utility for gene delivery and can replace viral vectors and cationic lipids for some applications in gene therapy.     

A novel method to detect the water leakage from tuyere nose cooling circuit in blast furnace

The water cooled tuyere noses, through which hot blast is blown into the furnace, are exposed to very high temperature region of raceway inside the furnace. As a result the chances of rupture of cooling pipes within the tuyere nose are significantly high. The rupture causes water dripping into the furnace and if it continues and unnoticed for a prolonged period it lowers down the local raceway temperature and thus adversely affects the product hot metal and slag quality. Moreover, with heavy water leakage, there is a danger of explosion; monitoring of the cooling water is therefore essential. Despite the availability of water flow metre at each tuyere it is difficult to identify the leaking tuyere at the early stage unless the rupture size grows bigger and so the leakage. In several cases the furnace is forced to shut down to manually inspect the leakage occurring without prior knowledge of the exact tuyere number. Identification of water leakage at an early stage is therefore necessary to prevent process disturbances due to chilling of the furnace and avoid the unscheduled downtime for tuyere replacement. This paper presents a method to identify the water leakage from tuyere nose cooling circuit in blast furnace and the adverse effect of water leakage on the performance of the blast furnace. A system called water leak detection system is developed for different blast furnaces in Tata Steel Jamshedpur to monitor the water leakage through tuyere nose and identify the exact leaking tuyere based on a dimensionless number called leak detection factor.     

A novel, calcium-inhibitable casein kinase in Paramecium cells

This is the first identification of a Ca2+-inhibitable casein kinase (CPK) which we have isolated from the 100000 x g supernatant of Paramecium cell homogenates. The 1000-fold enriched CPK activity depends on millimolar Mg2+ and is inhibited by low concentrations of heparin or by > or = 100 microM Ca2+. Enzyme activity is stimulated by polylysine or polyarginine with either casein or with specific casein kinase-2 (CK-2) peptide substrates (RRRDDDSDDD and RREEETEEE). The enzymic properties are similar with GTP instead of ATP. CPK does not undergo autophosphorylation. In gel kinase assays, enzyme activity is associated with a 36 kDa band. Calmodulin as another characteristic substrate for mammalian CK-2 has not been phosphorylated by this protein kinase. Besides casein, CPK phosphorylates in vitro the catalytic subunit of bovine brain calcineurin (CaN), a typical substrate of type 1 mammalian casein kinase (CK-1) in vitro. Again this phosphorylation is significantly reduced by Ca2+. Thus, CPK combines aspects of different casein kinases, but it is clearly different from any type known by its Ca2+ inhibition. Since CPK also phosphorylates the exocytosis-sensitive phosphoprotein, PP63, in Paramecium, which is known to be dephosphorylated by CaN, an antagonistic Ca2+-effect during phosphorylation/dephosphorylation cycles may be relevant for exocytosis regulation.     

Culture of human epidermal Langerhans cells in a skin equivalent

Langerhans cells (LCs) have been cultured in a skin equivalent (SE). Seventy-two SEs were produced by inserting skin biopsies from nine subjects into dermal equivalents consisting of fibroblasts in a collagen matrix. The SEs were cultured in a serum-free medium containing 2-mercaptoethanol with or without 5 ng/mL granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The SEs were cultured for 12 or 15 days. In the latter case, 0, 1 or 10 microg/mL cyclosporin A (CyA) was added for the last 3 days. The SEs were then snap frozen for immunohistochemistry. The migration of LCs was evaluated by measuring the distances from the inserted skin biopsy in the SEs to the HLA-DR + and CD1a+ dendritic cells localized at the longest distance from the biopsy in the epidermal outgrowth on both sides of the biopsy. The density of these cells was estimated in 15-day-old SEs by counting them on both sides of the inserted skin biopsy and dividing the number of positive cells by the migrated distances. All epidermal outgrowths (range 0.6-3.7 mm) were well differentiated and displayed HLA-DR+, CD1a+ and Lag+ dendritic cells. Only occasionally were CD83+ cells observed. In the 15-day-old SEs cultured with GM-CSF, a few CD86+ cells were seen in the epidermal outgrowths and occasionally CD80+ cells. The median (n = 4) density of CD1a+ and HLA-DR+ cells in the epidermal outgrowths at day 15 was 5.2 and 9.1 cells/mm, respectively. GM-CSF did not influence migration in 12-day-old SEs, but there was a tendency to increased migration of HLA-DR+ dendritic cells in 15-day-old SEs. CyA did not affect migration or density. We conclude that LCs can be cultured with an in vivo-like density in a SE. They express the phenotype of immature antigen-presenting cells efficient in capturing and processing antigen. This model may be suitable for studies of the initial phase of contact allergic reactions.     

A novel model of cutaneous candidiasis produced in prednisolone-treated guinea-pigs

In an attempt to develop an animal model of cutaneous candidiasis useful for the pre-clinical evaluation of antifungal drugs, experimental cutaneous Candida albicans infections were produced in mature and immature guinea-pigs treated with prednisolone. The morbidity of this model in terms of the extent and the duration of the superficial infection was compared with that of two other reported models: those produced by alloxan treatment, or the use of occlusive dressings. Infected animals were also included which received neither of these treatments. The Candida infection continued steadily for 14 days or more in both mature and immature animal groups treated subcutaneously with prednisolone and appeared to be more suitable than that produced with alloxan treatment or under occlusive dressings. In prednisolone-induced infection, most of the micro-organisms were confined to the epidermis and there was no evidence of their dermal penetration during the 14 day experimental period. In view of these facts, we attempted a more quantitative method by counting viable Candida in order to evaluate antimycotics in a shorter therapy period during which animals would receive less exposure to the vehicle. These findings appear to indicate that the experimental model of cutaneous C. albicans infection produced in prednisolone-treated mature and immature guinea-pigs would be useful for studies on the therapeutic efficacy of antifungal agents against cutaneous candidiasis.