幂律流体在Kenics型静态混合器中流动特性分析

为了探究Kenics型静态混合器内扭旋叶片剪切作用对幂律流体流动的影响,利用旋转流变仪测量了浓度为0.5wt%, 0.7wt%, 0.9wt%的羧甲基纤维素(CMC)水溶液的流变参数,采用数值模拟与实验研究了扭旋叶片作用下幂律流体流动阻力和剪切稀化特性。对流场研究表明,扭旋叶片诱导产生了内流涡旋、绕流涡旋和近壁面涡旋,有效强化了静态混合器内流体流动的剪切作用。受多个纵向涡旋分布的影响,扭旋叶片局域流场中周向45°位置速度最高,周向30°位置涡量与剪切应力最高而黏度最低。径向0.4倍半径位置速度最高,0.7倍半径位置黏度最高。静态混合器有效提高了流体的二次流流动速度和剪切应力,降低了幂律流体的黏度和流动阻力系数。     

气泡群上升过程相互作用的格子 Boltzmann三维数值模拟

应用格子Boltzmann自由能模型,在三维空间里模拟了大密度比气泡群在静止的黏性不可压缩流体中上升过程以及它们之间的相互作用。为了避免气液密度比过大造成数值不稳定问题,采用八点差分和十八点差分格式分别求解一阶1586Φ和二阶1586²Φ。模拟结果表明,气泡的初始大小和初始位置影响上升气泡周围的流场以及形状变化。当直径相同的气泡群上升时,位置靠下的气泡会受到位置靠上气泡尾迹的影响,并有很明显的形状变化。气泡之间的影响程度取决于两气泡之间的距离及相对位置,并且随着距离增加而逐渐减小。然而直径不同的气泡群上升时,不管初始位置如何,大气泡总会对小气泡造成强烈的影响。     

剪切变稀流体中的单气泡生成行为

为了探究剪切变稀流体的流变性对气泡生成的影响,采用高速摄像仪对单气泡在剪切变稀流体[羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)水溶液]及牛顿流体(甘油水溶液)中的气泡生成过程进行研究,考察了剪切变稀流体的流变性对气泡在生成过程中的体积及形状的影响。结果表明:气泡生成体积及生成时间随流体黏度的增大而增大,在气泡颈形成之前的阶段,气泡体积增长速度随流体黏度的增大而减小,在气泡颈形成之后,气泡体积增长速度则随流体黏度的增大而增大,不同流体中气泡的长径比随着生成过程的进行均呈增大趋势,但在生成初期,长径比的增长速度随剪切变稀性的增大而减小,在生成后期,气泡长径比的增长速度则随剪切变稀性的增大而增大。     

剪切流场中气泡成核理论的研究

针对经典成核理论在描述流场中气泡成核行为时的局限性，根据缝模流道中的剪切成核实验结果，提出了剪切流场下描述气泡成核的剪切能成核理论，并与文献中其它剪切促进气泡成核的解释进行了比较，从而进一步完善了剪切流场中的气泡成核理论。     

黏弹性流体中单气泡上升速度的研究

为了揭示黏弹性流体中单气泡的运动规律,采用高速摄像技术对聚丙烯酰胺(PAA)溶液中单气泡的运动行为进行了研究。通过Matlab 10.0利用自编程序得到了气泡的上升速度,考察了溶液流变性质和表面活性剂对气泡上升速度的影响。结果表明:气泡的上升速度随体积的增大而增大,并发生速度跃迁现象,发生跃迁时的临界体积随溶液黏弹性的增大而减小,随表面活性剂浓度的增大而增大。气泡形状的变化与速度跃迁相关,当气泡体积低于临界体积时,气泡的形状为球形或椭球型,当气泡体积高于临界体积时,气泡出现了尖端尾部,且尖端尾部两侧界面向气泡内部凹进。提出了预测气泡速度跃迁的临界条件,预测值与实验值重现性较好。     

剪切流场中微孔发泡的气泡成核理论研究现状

分析了经典成核理论对于动态聚合物熔体中气泡成核的局限性；概括了剪切流场中气泡成核的研究进展，并对剪切流场中泡核拉伸模型、空穴成核模型进行了详细的分析和讨论，指出了其对气泡成核过程解释的不足；介绍了最新的气泡成核中的剪切能成核理论，该理论较完善地解释了剪切流场中气泡成核过程；最后指出了气泡成核研究的发展方向。     

三相循环流化床中气泡上升速度的实验研究

开发了一种新型的光纤探头多相流气泡测试系统,可用于气－液两相和气－液－固三相体系中气泡参数的测定。应用此系统研究了三相循环流环化床中不同径同位置气泡的上升速度分布,气泡上升速度均值的径向布以及操作条件对这现任中分布的影响。     

倾斜上升弹状流中Taylor气泡运动速度研究

用高速动态分析仪对倾斜上升管中气液两相弹状流中Ｔａｙｌｏｒ气泡的运动速度进行了研究。获得了无干扰流场下Ｔａｙｌｏｒ气泡运动参数的测量结果，并分析了混合物流速及管倾角对气泡头部位置的影响，以及由此而引起的气泡漂移速度及液体速度影响系数的变化情况，在理论分析的基础上，推荐了计算气泡运动速度的实验关联式。并且与可利用的结果进行了比较，两者符合较好。     

垂直管内弹状气泡上升中壁面传递的实验研究

垂直管内弹状流壁面传递是诸多工业应用中需研究的重要问题之一。今用极限扩散电流技术,对弹状气泡上升时瞬时壁面剪应力和传质系数进行了测定,结果显示:当基于表观气速的Froude数FrG < 0.74时,壁面剪应力随弹状气泡和液塞的到来呈现方向相反的交替变化,壁面传质系数亦相应变化;而当FrG > 0.74时,剪应力方向一直向下,说明液膜向下流动,且弹状气泡和液塞的到来对壁面传质系数的影响很小。这说明下落液膜射流穿透了液塞段,控制了整个壁面传递过程。研究还对下落液膜区、尾迹区及液塞段的不同传递特征及机理进行了分析, 并结合气泡塔熔融结晶器中弹状气泡上升时的传热,对结晶操作条件的合理选择进行了讨论。     

微孔发泡的气泡成核理论研究现状

对经典成核理论进行了探讨,分析了其在描述流场中气泡成核时的局限性;详细讨论了国内外关于剪切流场中气泡成核的理论模型,并指出了气泡成核研究的未来发展方向。     

Three‐dimensional numerical simulation of coalescence and interactions of multiple horizontal bubbles rising in shear‐thinning fluids

The dynamics of multiple horizontal bubbles rising from different orifice arrangements in shear‐thinning fluids was simulated numerically by three‐dimensional Volume of Fluid method. The effects of bubble size, rheological properties of shear‐thinning fluids, and orifice structure arrangements on multiple bubbles interaction and coalescence were analyzed, and the mechanisms of bubble coalescence and breakup were fully discussed and elucidated. The variation of bubble rising velocity during coalescence process and freely rising processes for different orifice arrangements was also deeply investigated. The critical initial horizontal intervals for coalescence of multiple horizontal bubbles with various orifice arrangements were attained by simulation, which could serve as the critical criterion of bubble coalescence or noncoalescence. Furthermore, the critical bubble interval was predicted based on the film drainage model, the prediction accords well with the simulation result and is quite conducive for the design and optimization of perforated gas–liquid contact equipment. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 3528–3546, 2015     

A note on the drag coefficient of a single gas bubble in a power-law fluid

The motion of a single gas bubble is examined in the case of creeping flow where the exterior phase obeys the power-law model. An expression is developed for the drag coefficient using a perturbation method up to the second order in the parameter α = (n-1)/2. The relation obtained is compared with existing correlations and experimental data.     

拟塑性流体中伴有聚并的气泡上升混沌特征(英文)

The chaotic characteristics of bubbles rising with accompanying coalescences in pseudoplastic aqueous carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC) solution were studied by means of smoothed pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution and Wigner-Hough distribution. The temporal signal of bubble passage was measured utilizing a photoconductive data acquisition system. As bubble coalescence occurred, the smoothed pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution of the signal revealed that the signal could be divided into low-frequency and high-frequency ranges and the transition range according to the distribution feature of frequency domain, which reflected eddy motion of fluid, high frequency fluctuations of fluid velocity and other random components measured in the signal, and bubbles rising accompanied with coalescences, respectively. However, bubble coalescence occurred in the lower position and the frequency range of bubbles motion became wide under higher gas flowrate, while the frequency range of bubbles motion became narrow when the CMC concentration increased. The typical dynamics of bubbles motion, such as periodicity, bifurcation and chaos, could be easily found in terms of the Wigner-Hough distribution.     

Interaction between bubbles and fibre optic probes in a bubble column

Spherical bulb fibre optic probes, developed and applied for bubble characterization in a bubble column and a slurry bubble column at high temperature, were investigated. The principle of operation of these new optical fibre probes is based on the difference in refractive indices between the gas and the liquid phases. The interaction between the gas bubbles and the fibre optic probes in a bubble column was studied using photographic techniques. The first objective of these experiments was to study the response of the sensors upon contact with gas bubbles of various sizes. The second objective of this study was to establish, under controlled situations, the optical probe bubble detection performance and ability for local quantitative measurements of the bubble rise velocity and the gas hold-up.     

Interaction of two in-line bubbles of equal size rising in viscous liquid

The interaction of bubbles is the key to understand gas–liquid bubbling flow. Two-dimensional axis-symmetry computational fluid dynamics simulations on the interactive bubbles were performed with VOF method,which was validated by experimental work. It is testified that several different bubble interactive behaviors could be acquired under different conditions. Firstly, for large bubbles(d: 4, 6, 8, 10 mm), the trailing bubble rising velocity and aspect ratio have negative correlations with liquid viscosity and surface tension. The influences of viscosity and surface tension on leading bubble are negligible. Secondly, for smaller bubbles(d: 1, 2 mm), the results are complicated. The two bubbles tend to move together due to the attractive force by the wake and the potential repulsive force. Especially for high viscous or high surface tension liquid, the bubble pairs undergo several times acceleration and deceleration. In addition, bubble deformation plays an important role during bubble interaction which cannot be neglected.     

Calculation of the phase separation rate in two-phase flow of non-Newtonian power-law fluid and gas bubbles flowing inside the T- and Y-junctions using random vortex method (RVM)

In this paper, the phase separation rate in a two-phase flow of non-Newtonian power-law fluid and gas bubbles flowing inside T- and Y-junction channels with branch angles of 45° and 135° is numerically investigated. The numerical simulation is carried out using the random vortex method (RVM) for the Reynolds number of liquid phase at the inlet of the channel Re_m = 250 for various power-law indexes (n = 0.2–1.4). The result of this research represents valuable information about the effect of branch angle and also the power-law index on the phase separation. The result shows that when increasing the branch angle, the phase separation is increased, while when increasing the power-law index, the phase separation is decreased. The acceptable conformation between this study and the experimental results shows the capability of the evaluated method.     

低气速条件下CO_2在牛顿及非牛顿流体中气含率

实验测定了低气速下CO2气泡群在牛顿流体、剪切变稀流体及黏弹性流体中的气含率。讨论了流体的流变性、质量分数及表观气速对气含率的影响。结果表明:在3种不同性质的流体中,气含率均随表观气速的增大而增大。同时发现流体性质对气含率具有不同的影响:对于牛顿流体,表观气速较低时,质量分数对气含率影响可忽略;对于非牛顿流体,气含率随着流动指数n的减小而减小,即剪切变稀效应对气含率有负作用,而黏弹性对气含率的影响可忽略。气含率是气液传质过程设计中最重要的参数,因此研究结果为进一步研究CO2气泡群在非牛顿流体中的传质奠定了一定基础。     

Interaction between partitioning porous plate and rising bubbles in a trayed bubble column

In a trayed bubble column, the structure of the partitioning plate plays an important role on the bubble behavior. This study examined the effect of the opening ratio and pore size of the plate on the bubble break-up frequency and bubble size distribution. The sieve tray was used as the partitioning plate. The opening ratio was closely related to gas cap development. The stagnation of bubble flow and a gas cap were observed with an opening ratio less than 48.5%. The gas cap increased with decreasing opening ratio and increasing superficial gas velocity. The main effect of the sieve tray could be categorized into the additional drag force and bubble break-up depending on the sieve pore size. When the sieve pore size was smaller than the Sauter diameter of the bubble swarm, the movement of rising bubbles was interrupted by the drag force applied by the surrounding mesh lines. On the other hand, when the sieve pore size was larger than the Sauter diameter, the bubbles were affected by the additional bubble break-up. After the bubbles penetrated the sieve tray, the bubble size distribution shifted to a smaller one and the Sauter diameter decreased.