高速动车组转向架构架焊接残余应力研究(一)

采用X射线衍射法,对CRH 380B型高速动车组转向架动车焊接构架的主要焊缝进行了焊接残余应力测试,每条焊缝测试区域涵盖了焊缝中心线、距离焊缝熔合线2,5,10,15,25 mm共6个测试点。测试结果分析表明:CRH 380动车焊接构架上每条焊缝的应力峰值控制在100~300 MPa中低值拉应力范围以内,大多位于焊缝中心线处,焊接残余应力整体上处于中低值拉应力水平。通过与普通客车CW-200K型构架对应8条焊缝部位进行对比研究,证明CRH 380B型高速动车组构架自身结构控制应力水平的能力明显强于普通客车构架;并从焊接应力控制的角度,对CRH 380构架焊接结构设计的特征进行了系统分析,总结出该构架焊缝拘束度小、焊缝分散设计、焊接结构平缓过渡设计以及焊缝少堆焊和小焊脚焊缝设计的焊接结构设计特色。     

CRH1型动车组构架焊接制造工艺分析

介绍和分析了CRH1型动车组构架的焊接制造工艺.由于该构架焊后不进行退火热处理,因此其焊接工艺的研发与应用是国内焊接构架制造的前沿关键技术之一,也是南京浦镇车辆有限公司搭建焊接技术平台的重要组成部分之一.通过对该构架的结构介绍和分析,从焊接工艺的确定和焊接变形的控制方面,着重阐述了该构架生产过程,进而分析了该种动车组构...     

200 km/h市域动车组转向架构架组焊工艺

根据200 km/h市域动车组转向架构架的设计结构特征,结合现场实际生产制造经验,论证探讨了200 km/h市域动车组转向架构架的组焊工艺过程以及注意事项,并针对产生的焊接变形提出了相应的控制措施和调修方法,进而达到控制构架组成整体尺寸的要求。     

高速列车转向架SMA490BW耐候钢焊接接头低温性能研究

转向架作为高速列车车走行部的主要构件,在工作过程中承受着交变载荷的作用。SMA490BW耐候钢因具有较高的强度、韧性及良好的耐大气腐蚀性,专门用作CRH2型高速动车组转向架焊接构架关键材料。在低温条件下的SMA490BW耐候钢接头性能优劣直接关系着高速列车车体的运行安全。主要针对该材料对接接头,进行了不同低温环境下接头的拉伸试验、冲击试验、疲劳强度试验,研究抗拉强度、冲击值随温度变化规律。试验结果表明:随着温度的降低,接头的抗拉强度略有提高,但韧性降低,疲劳性能因缺陷存在而变化不大。     

基于Simufact的标准动车组转向架侧梁焊接变形的数值仿真

针对标准动车组转向架构架侧梁焊接过程中存在的变形，基于Simufact数值仿真平台，研究焊接顺序对焊接变形产生的影响。通过对热弹塑性有限元法计算数据的充分分析，得出最优的焊接顺序方案，为确定有效的焊接变形控制方法提供理论和数据支撑，为构架侧梁结构优化设计、焊接工艺设计提供有力支持。     

高速动车组转向架构架焊接工艺与变形关系

针对高速动车组转向架构架焊接过程中存在的变形问题,借助先进的数值仿真技术与手段,研究焊接变形的分布规律,焊接顺序和不同的工装压卡型式均会对焊接变形产生影响。通过对计算数据的充分分析,为确定合理的工装以及焊接变形控制方法提供理论和数据支撑依据,为构架结构优化设计、焊接工艺设计提供有力支持。     

ISO标准焊接工艺评定在动车组焊接生产中的应用

针对ISO标准焊接工艺评定在国内的开展情况及国际化焊接制造体系对焊接工艺评定的要求,对动车组焊接生产工艺评定的应用进行了阐述。结合动车组生产中焊接工艺评定的目的和意义,论述了焊接工艺评定对于动车组生产中焊接质量保证及提高企业经济效益的影响。     

高速动车组转向架管类工件焊接残余应力研究

针对高速动车组转向架管类工件焊接过程中存在的残余应力问题,借助先进的数值仿真技术和手段,研究不同焊接顺序条件下焊接残余应力的分布规律,通过对计算数据的充分分析,对确定合理的工装以及焊接变形控制方法提供理论和数据支撑依据,为构架结构优化设计、焊接工艺设计提供有力支持。     

TIG电弧重熔处理工艺在动车组转向架制造中的应用

在高速动车组转向架构架制造中采用TIG电弧重熔处理工艺,可有效减少焊缝与母材过渡处因几何形状突变造成的应力集中,同时还可消除咬边、刻槽等缺陷,提高转向架构架的抗疲劳性能,进而提高构架的安全性能及使用寿命。该项技术在高速动车组转向架构架焊接生产上的应用与推广具有重要的现实意义。     

孟加拉与CW-200K构架附加气室结构和焊接工艺

空气弹簧取代摇枕作为转向架的二系悬挂对客车提速、舒适度等性能发挥着重要的作用。介绍转向架构架附加气室和空气弹簧的作用,对比分析孟加拉和CW-200K型转向架构架附加气室的结构,简单分析二者焊接工艺的异同点。分析这两种转向架构架附加气室主要的焊接失效部位,指出这两种转向架构架附加气室在结构和焊接工艺方面需要完善和优化的地方。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.