等离子喷涂与超音速火焰喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层组织与摩擦磨损性能研究

目的 研究等离子喷涂与超音速火焰喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层的组织、力学性能和摩擦磨损性能。方法 采用等离子喷涂与超音速火焰喷涂工艺制备NiCr-Cr3C2涂层,并采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、万能试验机、显微硬度计和高速往复摩擦磨损试验机,系统地分析了两种工艺所得涂层的物相、组织、结合强度、硬度及摩擦磨损性能。结果 两种工艺制备的NiCr-Cr3C2涂层与基体界面结合效果良好。等离子喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层为层片状组织,层间可见微裂纹,孔隙率较高;超音速火焰喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层组织均匀,无明显微裂纹,可见少量微小孔隙。物相分析表明,等离子喷涂涂层由NiCr、Cr3C2和Cr7C3相组成,而超音速火焰喷涂涂层由NiCr和Cr3C2相组成。超音速火焰喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层的耐磨性优于等离子喷涂涂层,等离子喷涂涂层和超音速火焰喷涂涂层的稳态摩擦系数分别为0.4和0.6。随载荷升高,两种工艺制备的NiCr-Cr3C2涂层摩擦系数均显著下降。磨损后,等离子喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层表面具有明显的凹痕和剥落,而超音速火焰喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层磨痕表面较光滑,未见明显剥落。两种工艺制备的涂层磨损机制均为磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损。结论 超音速火焰喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层较等离子喷涂涂层组织更为致密,具有更为优良的综合力学性能和耐磨性,等离子喷涂制备的NiCr-Cr3C2涂层的减摩性较好。     

高速火焰与等离子喷涂WC／Co涂层的性能比较

分析比较了超音速喷涂与等离子体喷涂的ＷＣ／Ｃｏ涂层的形貌,显微组织结构,孔隙率,硬度及其耐磨性,结果表明超音速火焰喷涂的ＷＣ／Ｃｏ涂层具有与粉末相近的相结构,也说ＷＣ颗粒在超音速火焰喷涂过程中,只有极少部分被分解和氧化,同时涂层具有很高的致密度,硬度和良好的耐磨性,涂层与基体的结合情况也得到很大的改善。     

NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合涂层的组织与性能

采用离子喷涂和超音速火焰喷涂技术分别制备了NiCoCrAlY/Al₂O₃耐磨复合涂层,通过SEM、显微硬度计和万能材料测试机研究了粉体和涂层的显微结构、显微硬度和结合强度。结果表明,Al₂O₃颗粒表面包覆着一层致密的NiCoCrAlY合金,涂层与基体结合良好,超音速火焰喷涂涂层的孔隙率仅为等离子喷涂涂层的1/7。超音速火焰喷涂涂层的显微硬度和结合强度均高于等离子喷涂涂层。两种方法制备的涂层的破坏属脆性断裂机理。     

超音速等离子与超音速火焰喷涂WC-10Co4Cr涂层的性能及磨损机理

采用超音速等离子喷涂和超音速火焰喷涂分别制备了WC-10Co4Cr金属陶瓷涂层,表征和分析了WC-10Co4Cr涂层的物相组成、微观组织结构,进行了硬度、孔隙率、结合强度及560和1120 r/min下的磨损对比试验。结果表明,超音速等离子喷涂制备的涂层的综合性能与超音速火焰喷涂制备的涂层性能相当。在560 r/min下磨损10 h,超音速等离子喷涂制备的涂层与基体的磨损量比为1∶122.15,超音速火焰喷涂制备的涂层与基体的磨损量比为1∶138.36,涂层的磨损机制主要表现为磨粒磨损。在1120 r/min下磨损10 h,超音速等离子喷涂制备的涂层与基体的磨损量比为1∶109.53,超音速火焰喷涂制备的涂层与基体的磨损量比为1∶127.44,涂层的磨损机制主要表现为磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损。     

三种超音速热喷涂工艺制备WC-12Co涂层的组织结构分析

用新研制的超音速等离子喷涂(S—APS)和2种进口超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)设备制备了WC—12Co涂层，分析了3种喷涂工艺对涂层的表面和断面显微形貌、组织结构、孔隙率和氧化、脱碳，以及涂层的显微硬度、结合强度的影响。结果表明，在所试验的条件下，超音速等离子喷涂WC—12Co涂层显示出最致密的组织结构和最高的显微硬度。     

不同热喷涂技术制备镍基涂层的摩擦磨损性能

利用超音速火焰喷涂技术和低压等离子喷涂技术，在铜基体上制备镍基涂层，研究涂层在室温下的摩擦磨损特性，探讨涂层的磨损机理。结果表明，HVAF制备的镍基涂层具有较好的耐磨性，主要原因是在涂层中存在Ni3B、M23C6、M7C3等硬质相，其磨损机理为磨粒磨损，而低压等离子喷涂技术制备的镍基涂层组织出现大量的非晶态，硬度低，磨损机理为磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损的综合作用，并以疲劳磨损为主。     

超音速火焰喷涂及涂层性能简介

本文简要介绍了超音速火焰喷擦的原理、发展状态；比较了超音速火焰喷涂层、等离子喷涂层，爆炸喷涂层、自熔合金喷熔层以及电镀硬铬层的硬度和耐磨损性能；介绍了超音速火焰喷涂层的部份应用实例及其应用效果。     

半导体激光熔覆与超音速火焰喷涂Ni60粉末组织与性能的研究

分别用半导体激光与超音速火焰喷涂设备在45钢基体上制备Ni60合金涂层。用扫描电镜、金相显微镜、XRD对熔覆层进行微观组织和成分的研究。并对熔覆层的显微硬度和耐磨性进行分析。结果表明:激光熔覆层质量良好、无缺陷,熔敷层与基体之间形成良好的冶金结合;超音速火焰喷涂的熔覆层与基体为机械结合,结合力相对较弱。激光熔覆层内组织致密、晶粒细小且析出了C化物与Cr化物,这使激光熔敷层的硬度与耐磨性高于超音速火焰喷涂。     

超音速火焰喷涂及涂层性能简介

本文简要介绍了超音速火焰喷涂的原理、发展状态；比较了超音速火焰喷涂层、等离子喷涂层、爆炸喷涂层、自烙合金喷熔层以及电镀硬铬层的硬度和耐磨损性能；介绍了超音速火焰喷涂层的部份应用实例及其应用效果。     

活塞杆表面制备CoNiCrAl/Cr_2O_3·SiO_2·TiO_2复合涂层的性能研究

采用超音速火焰喷涂与高焓等离子喷涂相结合的方法,在启闭机活塞杆用45钢表面制备了CoNiCrAl/Cr_2O_3·SiO_2·TiO_2复合涂层。分析了该涂层的微观组织结构、显微硬度、孔隙率、结合强度、抗磨损性能和电化学性能等,并分析了涂层的磨损机理。结果表明:涂层的孔隙率为0.57%,涂层的平均显微硬度达1332.3HV0.2,涂层结合强度均值达到63.7MPa,涂层的抗摩擦磨损性能是基体45钢的84.3倍,CoNiCrAl/Cr_2O_3·SiO_2·TiO_2涂层具有优良的抗磨损性能。CoNiCrAl/Cr_2O_3·SiO_2·TiO_2涂层的抗电化学腐蚀能力强于基体的。利用超音速火焰喷涂与高焓等离子喷涂相结合制备的CoNiCrAl/Cr_2O_3·SiO_2·TiO_2涂层具有优良好的应用前景。     

Cr_3C_2-NiCr涂层的工程化应用研究

从工程化应用的角度出发,比较了超音速火焰喷涂工艺(HVOF)和等离子喷涂工艺制备的Cr3C2-NiCr涂层性能差别,发现HVOF工艺制备的Cr3C2-NiCr涂层质量明显优于等离子喷工艺,从而采用HVOF工艺作为Cr3C2-NiCr涂层优选的喷涂方法。HVOF工艺制备的Cr3C2-NiCr陶瓷涂层具有硬度高(HV300>9800MPa)、孔隙率低(<0.9%)、与基体结合强度高(>70MPa)等特点,满足柴油机关键部件缸套涂层的使用要求。     

Properties of Cr3C2-NiCr cermet coating sprayed by high power plasma and high velocity oxy-fuel processes

The structure, hardness, and shear adhesion strength have been investigated for Cr₃C₂-NiCr cermet coatings sprayed onto a mild steel substrate by 200 kW high power plasma spraying (HPS) and high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) processes. Amorphous and supersaturated nickel phases form in both as-sprayed coatings. The hardness of the HVOF coating is higher than that of the HPS coating, because the HVOF coating contains more nonmelted Cr₃C₂ carbide particles. On heat treating at 873 K, the amorphous phase decomposes and the supersaturated nickel phase precipitates Cr₃C₂ carbides so that the hardness increases in the HPS coating. The hardness measured under a great load exhibits lower values compared with that measured with a small load because of cracks generated from the indentation. The ratio of the hardnesses measured with different loads can be regarded as an index indicating the coating ductility. The ductility of the HVOF coating is higher than that of the HPS coating. Adhesion strength of the HVOF coating was high compared with the HPS coating. The adhesion of the coatings is enhanced by heat treating at 1073 K, and that of the HVOF coating is over 350 MPa.     

超音速热喷涂316L合金涂层在实际炼油环境中的冲蚀行为

利用超音速热喷涂技术在碳钢基体上制备出了316L合金涂层，研究了该涂层在实际炼油环境中的冲蚀行为。结果表明：超音速热喷涂316L合金涂层在实际炼油环境中具有非常好的抗冲蚀性能，长期现场挂片后涂层仍保持完整，仅表面有轻微的冲蚀痕迹，涂层表面形成的保护性氧化膜、涂层金属自身良好的耐蚀性以及涂层较高的硬度是其具有优异抗冲蚀性能的主要原因。     

Isothermal oxidation resistance comparison between air plasma sprayed, vacuum plasma sprayed and high velocity oxygen fuel sprayed CoNiCrAlY bond coats

Commercial CoNiCrAlY powders with the same chemical composition were sprayed by vacuum plasma spraying (VPS), air plasma spraying (APS) and high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) onto Hastelloy X superalloy substrates obtaining coatings of comparable thickness. After coating, samples were maintained at 1273 K in air for different periods up to 3000 h. Morphological, microstructural and compositional analyses were performed in order to assess the high temperature oxidation resistance provided by the different spraying systems. HVOF technique provided bond coats with higher oxidation resistance compared to APS and VPS.     

Deposition and properties of high-velocity-oxygen-fuel and plasma-sprayed Mo-Mo2C composite coatings

Molybdenum thermal-spray coatings, dispersion strengthened by molybdenum oxides and molybdenum carbides, play an important role in industrial tribological applications. Traditionally, they have been prepared by plasma and wire flame spraying. High porosity and lower cohesion strength limit their application in situations where both galling and abrasion wear is involved. In this study, high-velocity-oxygen-fuel (HVOF) deposition of molybdenum and molybdenum carbide coatings was attempted. Deposition was achieved for all powders used. Composition, microstructure, mechanical, and wear properties of the HVOF synthesized coatings were evaluated and compared with plasma-sprayed counterparts. The HVOF coatings possessed a very good abrasion resistance, whereas plasma deposits performed better in dry sliding tests. Measurements showed a close relationship between the coating surface hardness and its abrasion resistance. Results also suggested correlation between molybdenum carbide distribution in the molybdenum matrix and the sliding friction response of Mo-Mo₂C coatings.     

超音速火焰喷涂WC涂层抗热疲劳性能的研究

采用HVOF技术喷涂了WC涂层,并对涂层的抗热疲劳行为进行了研究.试验结果表明,HVOF涂层经过15次整体热震试验后,涂层均保持完好无损,未出现裂纹及剥落等任何缺陷;而等离子喷涂的WC涂层经过3次热震试验后就基本开裂和脱落.这充分说明了HVOF涂层具有非常高的抗热疲劳性能.     

HVOF喷涂纳米WC-12Co涂层的性能研究

为促进HVOF喷涂纳米WC-12Co涂层在工业上的应用,采用HVOF喷涂法分别制备了纳米和微米结构WC-12Co涂层.研究了涂层的结合强度,测试了两种涂层的显微硬度及耐冲蚀磨损性能,并利用扫描电镜对喷涂粉末、涂层显微组织、冲蚀表面形貌进行了分析.研究结果表明：两种涂层中纳米涂层显微硬度是普通涂层的1.5倍,最高达到1610 HV,纳米涂层中W C颗粒的分布更均匀,冲蚀率是微米级涂层的1/2左右,性能更优越.     

高速火焰喷涂高质量NiCoCrAlTaReSiY抗氧化涂层

研究了用高速火焰喷涂(HVOF)替代低压等离子喷涂(LPPS)沉积高质量的MCrAlY涂层。试验用粉料为NiCoCrAlTaReSiY,采用以煤油为燃料的K2型HVOF系统沉积涂层,研究喷嘴长度、喷涂工艺参数对粉末沉积工艺过程以及涂层性能的影响;测量涂层的孔隙率及氧含量,观察涂层经真空热处理以及高温空气氧化后的显微结构,测量了Al、O等元素在氧化涂层中的分布。结果表明,所沉积的NiCoCrAlTaReSiY涂层具有优越的抗氧化性。     

FeAl and Mo–Si–B intermetallic coatings prepared by thermal spraying

FeAl and Mo–Si–B intermetallic coatings for elevated temperature environmental resistance were prepared using high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) and air plasma spray (APS) techniques. For both coating types, the effect of coating parameters (spray particle velocity and temperature) on the microstructure and physical properties of the coatings was assessed. Fe–24Al (wt%) coatings were prepared using HVOF thermal spraying at spray particle velocities varying from 540 to 700 m/s. Mo–13.4Si–2.6B coatings were prepared using APS at particle velocities of 180 and 350 m/s. Residual stresses in the HVOF FeAl coatings were compressive, while stresses in the APS Mo–Si–B coatings were tensile. In both cases, residual stresses became more compressive with increasing spray particle velocity due to increased peening imparted by the spray particles. The hardness and elastic moduli of FeAl coatings also increased with increasing particle velocity. For Mo–Si–B coatings, plasma spraying at 180 m/s resulted in significant oxidation of the spray particles and conversion of the T1 phase into amorphous silica and -Mo. The T1 phase was retained after spraying at 350 m/s.