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1.
A technique for producing p-n junction silicon solar cells has been developed involving the use of a continuous gaseous discharge
operating in the corona mode. The process is applicable to the production of p on n or n on p structures. Detailed results
are presented for a BF3 discharge, producing p on n cells, along with preliminary results using a PF5 discharge, resulting in n on p cells. Efficiencies of over 8% were obtained on single crystal Si p on n cells, and of over
3% for a heavily-defected polycrystalline at AMl without anti-reflective coatings. Fill factors as high as 0.76 were obtained.
Analysis of these cells include ion microprobe mass analysis and anodic stripping for concentration profiles, and capacitance-vol
tage and current-voltage measurements for electrical characterization.
This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration under contract number
W-7504-ENG-48. 相似文献
2.
Ali Veysel TuncAntonietta De Sio Daniel RiedelFelix Deschler Enrico Da ComoJürgen Parisi Elizabeth von Hauff 《Organic Electronics》2012,13(2):290-296
We show how molecular doping can be implemented to improve the performance of solution processed bulk heterojunction solar cells based on a low-bandgap polymer mixed with a fullerene derivative. The molecular dopant 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ) is introduced into blends of poly[2,6(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b0]-dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] (PCPDTBT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) via co-solution in a range of concentrations from 0% to 1%. We demonstrate that the hole conductivity and mobility increase with doping concentration using field-effect measurements. Photoinduced absorption (PIA) spectroscopy reveals that the polaron density in the blends increases with doping. We show that the open circuit voltage and short circuit current of the corresponding solar cells can be improved by doping at 0.5%, resulting in improved power conversion efficiencies. The increase in performance is discussed in terms of trap filling due to the increased carrier density, and reduced recombination correlated to the improvement in mobility. 相似文献
3.
Tandem configurations, in which two cells are stacked and connected in series, offer a viable approach to further increase the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells. To enable the future rational design of new materials it is important to accurately assess the contributions of individual subcells. Such accurate measurement of the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the subcells of two‐terminal organic or polymer tandem solar cells poses specific challenges, caused by two characteristics of these cells, i.e. a sub‐linear light intensity dependence of the current and a field‐assisted charge collection. These properties necessitate that EQE experiments are carried out under representative illumination conditions and electrical bias to maintain short‐circuit conditions for the addressed subcell. We describe a method to determine the magnitudes of the bias illumination and bias voltage during EQE measurements, based on the behavior of single junction cells and optical modeling. The short‐circuit current densities of the subcells obtained by convolution of the EQE with the AM1.5G solar spectrum are consistent with those obtained from optical modeling and correctly predict the current density–voltage characteristics of the tandem cell under AM1.5G conditions. 相似文献
4.
5.
Sungho Nam Minjung Shin Hwajeong Kim Chang‐Sik Ha Moonhor Ree Youngkyoo Kim 《Advanced functional materials》2011,21(23):4527-4534
The performance of polymer:polymer solar cells that are made using blend films of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐co‐ benzothiadiazole (F8BT) is improved by doping the F8BT polymer with an organosulfonic acid [4‐ethylbezenesulfonic acid (EBSA)]. The EBSA doping of F8BT, to form F8BT‐EBSA, is performed by means of a two‐stage reaction at room temperature and 60°C with various EBSA weight ratios. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement reveals that both sulfur and nitrogen atoms in the F8BT polymer are affected by the EBSA doping. The F8BT‐EBSA films exhibit huge photoluminescence quenching, ionization potential shift toward lower energy, and greatly enhanced electron mobility. The short‐circuit current density of solar cells is improved by ca. twofold (10 wt.% EBSA doping), while the open‐circuit voltage increases by ca. 0.4 V. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency was improved by ca. threefold, even though the optical density of the P3HT:F8BT‐EBSA blend film is reduced by 10 wt.% EBSA doping due to the nanostructure and surface morphology change. 相似文献
6.
ZHANGShuliang LIQiuzhen 《半导体光子学与技术》1996,2(3):223-226
An on-axis holographic zone plate or an off-axis holographic zone plate used for the silicon solar cell will have a solar energy conversion factor of 2.5.And the combination of the two plates will have its conversion facftor of 5.Especially for the use of silver halide photographic emulsion,the cost can be cut down dramatically. 相似文献
7.
Henry J. Snaith 《Advanced functional materials》2010,20(1):13-19
For an ideal solar cell, a maximum solar‐to‐electrical power conversion efficiency of just over 30% is achievable by harvesting UV to near IR photons up to 1.1 eV. Dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs) are, however, not ideal. Here, the electrical and optical losses in the dye‐sensitized system are reviewed, and the main losses in potential from the conversion of an absorbed photon at the optical bandgap of the sensitizer to the open‐circuit voltage generated by the solar cell are specifically highlighted. In the first instance, the maximum power conversion efficiency attainable as a function of optical bandgap of the sensitizer and the “loss‐in‐potential” from the optical bandgap to the open‐circuit voltage is estimated. For the best performing DSCs with current technology, the loss‐in‐potential is ～0.75 eV, which leads to a maximum power‐conversion efficiency of 13.4% with an optical bandgap of 1.48 eV (840 nm absorption onset). Means by which the loss‐in‐potential could be reduced to 0.4 eV are discussed; a maximum efficiency of 20.25% with an optical bandgap of 1.31 eV (940 nm) is possible if this is achieved. 相似文献
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10.
M. Koppe M. Scharber C. Brabec W. Duffy M. Heeney I. McCulloch 《Advanced functional materials》2007,17(8):1371-1376
Thiophene‐containing polymers blended with fullerenes have recently demonstrated impressively high photovoltaic efficiencies. One drawback of this class of polymers is their relatively low ionization potential, which leads to rather low open‐circuit voltages. Polyterthiophenes belong to a material class that has recently captured a large amount of interest for polymer electronic applications because of its excellent transport properties. Because of the slightly lower ionization potential, this material class appears more attractive for photovoltaic applications than polythiophenes. In this work, the photovoltaic performance of bulk heterojunction solar cells from polyterthiophene/fullerene composites is discussed and compared to the polymer/fullerene blend morphology. 相似文献
11.
J.&#x;J.&#x;A. Barry M.&#x;M.&#x;C.&#x;G. Silva K.&#x;M. Shakesheff S.&#x;M. Howdle M.&#x;R. Alexander 《Advanced functional materials》2005,15(7):1134-1140
Cell adhesion and proliferation on poly(D,L ‐lactic acid) (PDLLA) tissue‐engineering scaffolds is low. This is generally regarded to be due to the surface chemistry of the PDLLA polymer, although topographic features often worsen the situation. This study reports for the first time successful deposition of a plasma polymer throughout the porous network of a three‐dimensional scaffold. This allylamine plasma deposit was used to improve cell adhesion on the PDLLA surface. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of sectioned scaffolds was used to demonstrate the penetration of nitrogen species to the inner surfaces and to compare the virgin PDLLA scaffold and the plasma polymer coated PDLLA scaffold with plasma‐grafted allylamine. The nitrogen concentration at the exterior and interior scaffold surfaces was greater for the plasma deposits than for the grafted surfaces, and the chemical state of the incorporated surface nitrogen using the two methods was found to be different. Evaluation in vitro was carried out by studying 3T3 fibroblast attachment, morphology, and metabolic activity on the scaffolds. Cell activity and attachment was found to be greater for the plasma deposits than the plasma‐grafted PDLLA scaffolds, and both were greater than for the virgin PDLLA scaffolds. It is concluded that plasma deposition is a viable method of increasing cell attachment throughout porous PDLLA scaffolds without changing the bulk characteristics of the polymer. 相似文献
12.
HE Xiang;YANG Aijun;LI Jiansheng;CHEN Caiyun;YOU Hongliang 《液晶与显示》2024,39(8):1057-1069
In order to solve the problems of insufficient training images and poor quality of generated images in the automatic recognition research of electroluminescence （EL） defects in photovoltaic modules, the solar cell EL defect images are generated by using the cycleGAN, and the generated images are compared with the images generated by the representative DCGAN. The captured EL images are classified and performed data augmentation to form a training set. Next, cycleGAN and DCGAN are trained using training set. Finally, a detailed comparison is made between the generated images of the two models from three perspectives： effectiveness, similarity and diversity. The experimental results show that the proportion of effective images generated by cycleGAN is significantly higher than that of images generated by DCGAN. Compared with captured EL images, the images generated by cycleGAN have extremely high sensory similarity, making it difficult to distinguish them through the human eye. The FID indicators of the images generated by cycleGAN are significantly lower than images generated by DCGAN. The classification model trained with images generated by cycleGAN achieves a 93.45% accuracy rate on the test set composed of captured EL images. When a small number of captured EL images are included in the training dataset, the accuracy is improved to 98.26%, significantly higher than that of DCGAN. Finally, the average MS-SSIM indicators of images generated by cycleGAN are significantly lower than that of DCGAN. The use of cycleGAN is an effective method for data augmentation of solar cell EL images, which is significantly superior to DCGAN in terms of effectiveness, similarity and diversity. 相似文献
13.
Zheng Xu Li‐Min Chen Guanwen Yang Chun‐Hao Huang Jianhui Hou Yue Wu Gang Li Chain‐Shu Hsu Yang Yang 《Advanced functional materials》2009,19(8):1227-1234
A method which enables the investigation of the buried interfaces without altering the properties of the polymer films is used to study vertical phase separation of spin‐coated poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT):fullerene derivative blends. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis reveals the P3HT enrichment at the free (air) surfaces and abundance of fullerene derivatives at the organic/substrate interfaces. The vertical phase separation is attributed to the surface energy difference of the components and their interactions with the substrates. This inhomogeneous distribution of the donor and acceptor components significantly affects photovoltaic device performance and makes the inverted device structure a promising choice. 相似文献
14.
In this work, carbonaceous materials and their combinations with each other were used as counter electrodes for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). A small amount of TiO2 paste was also incorporated in each electrocatalyst to increase the adhesion between the carbon material and the conductive glass substrate. The dispersion of carbonaceous materials in composite films was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Electrocatalytic characteristics of carbon/carbon catalysts are systematically investigated by electrochemical techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Solar cells assembled with carbon/carbon composite counter electrodes were characterized by photocurrent–voltage characteristic and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The results indicate that under optimal conditions, the solar cell assembled with carbon/carbon composite counter electrode containing activated carbon, multi-walled carbon nanotube and graphene, shows power conversion efficiency of 10.73%. This photovoltaic performance is comparable with 11.20% for the platinum-based dye-sensitized solar cell. The results exhibit that carbonaceous material is an encouraging alternative for low-cost DSSCs. 相似文献
15.
GaAs太阳电池辐照效应的研究现状 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
文章介绍了ＧａＡｓ太阳电池辐照效应的研究状况，和间述了研究中常用的方法及重要的结论。现有的研究结果表明，ＧａＡｓ太阳电池性能的退化与辐照粒子的能量、剂量及入射方式相关，不同种类的粒子引起的损损伤很不一样。通过退火处理辐照损伤后的太阳电池，其性能可得到部分恢复。 相似文献
16.
A. Hadipour B. de&#x;Boer J. Wildeman F.&#x;B. Kooistra J.&#x;C. Hummelen M.&#x;G.&#x;R. Turbiez M.&#x;M. Wienk R.&#x;A.&#x;J. Janssen P.&#x;W.&#x;M. Blom 《Advanced functional materials》2006,16(14):1897-1903
A solution‐processed polymer tandem cell fabricated by stacking two single cells in series is demonstrated. The two bulk‐heterojunction subcells have complementary absorption maxima at λmax ～ 850 nm and λmax ～ 550 nm, respectively. A composite middle electrode is applied that serves both as a charge‐recombination center and as a protecting layer for the first cell during spin‐coating of the second cell. The subcells are electronically coupled in series, which leads to a high open‐circuit voltage of 1.4 V, equal to the sum of each subcell. The layer thickness of the first (bottom) cell is tuned to maximize the optical absorption of the second (top) cell. The performance of the tandem cell is presently limited by the relatively low photocurrent generation in the small‐bandgap polymer of the top cell. The combination of our tandem architecture with more efficient small‐bandgap materials will enable the realization of highly efficient organic solar cells in the near future. 相似文献
17.
Efficiencies of organic solar cells based on an interpenetrating network of a conjugated polymer and a fullerene as donor and acceptor materials still need to be improved for commercial use. We have developed a postproduction treatment that improves the performance of solar cells based on poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]‐phenyl C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) by means of a tempering cycle at elevated temperatures in which an external voltage is simultaneously applied, resulting in a significant increase of the short‐circuit current. Using this postproduction treatment, an enhancement of the short‐circuit current density, Isc, to 8.5 mA cm–2 under illumination with white light at an illumination intensity of 800 W m–2 and an increase in external quantum efficiency (IPCE, incident photon to collected electron efficiency) to 70 % are demonstrated. 相似文献
18.
A. Hadipour B. de&#x;Boer J. Wildeman F.&#x;B. Kooistra J.&#x;C. Hummelen M.&#x;G.&#x;R. Turbiez M.&#x;M. Wienk R.&#x;A.&#x;J. Janssen P.&#x;W.&#x;M. Blom 《Advanced functional materials》2006,16(14)
The fabrication of a solution‐processed polymer tandem cell by stacking two single cells in series is reported by de Boer and co‐workers on p. 1897. The bottom and top cell are complementary with respect to their absorption spectra and the layer thickness of the bottom cell was optimized in order to create an optical cavity that efficiently transmits the required wavelength for the top cell. The combination of this tandem architecture with more efficient small‐bandgap materials will enable the realization of highly efficient organic solar cells. A solution‐processed polymer tandem cell fabricated by stacking two single cells in series is demonstrated. The two bulk‐heterojunction subcells have complementary absorption maxima at λmax ～ 850 nm and λmax ～ 550 nm, respectively. A composite middle electrode is applied that serves both as a charge‐recombination center and as a protecting layer for the first cell during spin‐coating of the second cell. The subcells are electronically coupled in series, which leads to a high open‐circuit voltage of 1.4 V, equal to the sum of each subcell. The layer thickness of the first (bottom) cell is tuned to maximize the optical absorption of the second (top) cell. The performance of the tandem cell is presently limited by the relatively low photocurrent generation in the small‐bandgap polymer of the top cell. The combination of our tandem architecture with more efficient small‐bandgap materials will enable the realization of highly efficient organic solar cells in the near future. 相似文献
19.
Interface states characterization in heterojunction solar cells from CV-GV measurements and modeling
X. Garros G. ReimboldJ. Cluzel D. MuñozP.-J. Ribeyron 《Microelectronic Engineering》2011,88(7):1247-1250
A new method is proposed to extract interface states density Dit at the hydrogenated amorphous/crystalline silicon interfaces (aSi:H/cSi) of heterojunction solar cells - HET. This technique based on CV and GV measurements consists in adapting standard electrical Dit models for MOS structures to the specific case of HET solar cells. In particular, a parasitic conductance is introduced to account for the high leakage current of the diode in the forward regime. The relevance and accuracy of such an analytical model is then demonstrated by comparison with experimental results and with more complex numerical approaches. Finally, this technique enables us to demonstrate the high quality of the interface of HET solar cells which exhibit Dit levels below 1011 defects per cm2. 相似文献
20.
Xujie Lü Xinliang Mou Jianjun Wu Dingwen Zhang Linlin Zhang Fuqiang Huang Fangfang Xu Sumei Huang 《Advanced functional materials》2010,20(3):509-515
Well‐crystallized Nb‐doped anatase TiO2 nanoparticles are prepared by a novel synthetic route and successfully used as the photoanode of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The homogenous distribution of Nb in the TiO2 lattice is confirmed by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) elemental mapping and line‐scanning analyses. After Nb doping, the conductivity of the TiO2 powder increases, and its flat‐band potential (Vfb) has a positive shift. The energy‐conversion efficiency of a cell based on 5.0 mol% Nb‐doped TiO2 is significantly better, by about 18.2%, compared to that of a cell based on undoped TiO2. The as‐prepared Nb‐doped TiO2 material is proven in detail to be a better photoanode material than pure TiO2, and this new synthetic approach using a water‐soluble precursor provides a simple and versatile way to prepare excellent photoanode materials. 相似文献