Optical network design to minimize switching and transceiver equipment costs

We consider a network consisting of N nodes and a certain number of links M that could be used to interconnect these nodes. The problem we address is to determine the smallest subset of switching nodes (in which to provide optical or electronic switching capability) necessary and sufficient to provide full end-to-end connectivity among all nodes. It is shown that this selection leads to the minimum number of transceivers needed to achieve full connectivity. We then address the same problem with the additional requirement of survivability, whereby the failure of any one link does not lead to any disconnection in the network. To solve the above stated problems, we employ heuristic and optimal algorithms; we find that the minimum number of switching sites is well estimated as a function of a single parameter, the network connectivity . (This is an extended version of the paper presented at Broadnets 2006.)     

MEMS设计软件提供EDA解决方案

德州仪器(TI)推出适用于智能电话、PDA、WLAN与蓝牙设备和低功耗DSP电源以及数码相机应用的据称是业界最小型、最高效的高精度降压DC/DC集成电路--TPS62300.     

Construction and characteristics of codewords and pulse shapes that satisfy spectral constraints

Constrained sequence codes and pulse shapes are used to control signal characteristics in digital communication systems. This letter outlines a technique to construct codewords and pulse shapes to meet specified spectral constraints. Based on a block-coded representation of the signal, it is shown how symbol values can be evaluated to satisfy the most significant terms of a Fourier series representation of the desired spectral response. Several properties of the resulting signals are given, and examples are presented to confirm the validity of this approach.     

Technology decisions to minimize 450-mm wafer size transition risk

About every ten years, the semiconductor industry has increased its wafer diameter size. This change, when coupled with device innovations such as transistor design improvements, new materials, and lithography feature size reductions, have enabled the semiconductor industry to reduce cost per function by /spl sim/30% each year over the past 30 years, while enabling factories to be highly productive. This paper outlines key factory attributes and technology decisions required to make the next wafer size conversion from 300to 450-mm wafers and provides a detailed examination of the factors that should be considered by integrated circuit (IC) makers, equipment suppliers, and consortia members as a team. We show a subset of these attributes that can be decided quickly, a list of attributes that need more analysis and discussion, and conclude with a vision of the capabilities that a 450-mm factory will have.     

A novel design proposal to minimize reflections in deep-ridgemultimode interference couplers

We propose and demonstrate here the high efficiency of a novel design for deep-ridge multimode interference (MMI) couplers rendering them to behave like good transmitters with minimized reflections when integrated with emission devices. Using optical low-coherence reflectometry measurements, this novel design is shown to suppress to a great extent the highly detrimental internal resonance and often important backreflections inherent to even fully optimized deep-ridge MMIs     

用互联网思维做硬件

本文重点分析物联网应用中智能硬件的特点以及其设计过程中需要解决的问题,并由此引出并介绍一种新颖的解决方案,可以克服传统硬件设计的各种弊端,达到如同开发互联网软件那样去实现智能硬件产品的目的。本文网络版地址：http：//www.eepw.com.cn/article/276355.htm     

Optimal location area design to minimize registration signaling traffic in wireless systems

A new scheme is developed for optimal location area design in wireless systems. New algorithms based on intercell traffic prediction and traffic-based cell grouping are used to select the optimal set of cells for location areas (LAs). The expected intercell movement patterns of mobiles are determined by using the new intercell traffic prediction algorithm. Further, the cells are partitioned into LAs by applying the new traffic-based cell grouping algorithm where the cell pairs with higher intercell mobile traffic are grouped into the same LA. Hence, the inter-LA mobile traffic is decreased by increasing the intra-LA mobile traffic. Experimental results show that this cell grouping algorithm reduces the number of location updates by 27 percent to 36 percent on average compared to proximity-based cell grouping schemes.     

Mediation motivation and encouragement: How international organizations build ADR

Two more sessions from CPR's first annual European Business Mediation Congress are highlighted—one on the role of public courts in encouraging resolution of private disputes, focusing on the European experience, and a discussion among in‐house counsel on their ADR methods.     

Using a serious game to communicate risk and minimize psychological distance regarding environmental pollution

Persuading individuals to engage in pro-environmental behavior is challenging. Interactive media, such as virtual environments and video games, present opportunities to minimize psychological distance and bolster perceived risks associated with environmental threats. In this experiment, we tested the effects of a serious game that allowed users to engage in environmental cleanup. In the virtual environment, participants (N = 190) navigated down a polluted river that was described as geographically and temporally close or distant. The affordance of interactivity, specifically contingency, was also manipulated. Results revealed that feeling psychologically close to the environment led to greater risk perception, which in turn led to more environmental behavior and greater support for environmental policy in the days following the experiment. In terms of interactivity, higher perceptions of contingency led to greater self-efficacy, which also led to more environmental behavior and greater support for environmental policy after the experiment. We discuss implications for environmental communication, science communication, and other prosocial persuasion efforts using interactive media such as serious games and virtual reality.     

什么是视频处理器,它为什么重要

高清视频是一件非常美妙的事情。谁不喜欢漂亮的图像和数字环绕声呢?谁不愿意换掉27或32英寸的CRT显示器以追求新型高清电视呢?现在是和低分辨率和因低质量标清信号而导致图像     

How to design an `invisible' aircraft

Techniques for reducing radar cross sections to make aircraft harder to detect are examined. Studies to determine what elements contribute to the radar signature are discussed. The use of models and chambers that simulate the impact of radar on a distant target to test the effectiveness of proposed techniques is considered. The need for outdoor testing is discussed     

Back to Basics: An ADR Intervention that Converts a Legal Problem to a Human Solution

Editor's note: Longtime Alternatives columnist Bob Creo, a veteran Pittsburgh neutral, is revisiting his classic CPR Institute website columns of a decade ago in a Back to Basics Series that he has subtitled “Human Problems, Human Solutions.” In his recent Master Mediators columns, Creo has focused on neuroscience, psychological factors and cognitive biases that affect dispute resolution. These updated Back to Basics columns, in print for the first time, began in November, revisiting mediation‐room techniques and practice issues. This month, the focus is on getting to closure.     

把握时代脉搏-迎战我国集成电路设计业的崛起

从2010年6月份开始,我参加了国家科技重大专项信息板块(含01、02 和03专项<'注1>)的监督评估工作.上个月在向国家工信部杨副部长和丁副司长汇报时,我讲了01专项有五个"最".今天跟大家分享其中的两个"最":1)01专项最符合"重、大、专"特征与要求.如果国家钱不多.其它专项可以暂缓执行,但01专项非千不可.2)01专项最难.也最有希望,相信在01专项执行末期.会让国人脸上大放光彩.监督评估组的一些同行都同意我的这种判断.     

把握时代脉搏—迎战我国集成电路设计业的崛起

从2010年6月份开始,我参加了国家科技重大专项信息板块(含01、02和03专项注1)的监督评估工作。上个月在向国家工信部杨副部长和丁副司长汇报时,我讲了01专项有五个"最",今天跟大家分享其中的两个"最"