微细电极的正交点电接触在线测量及组合制作工艺

为服务于微细电火花加工用微细工具电极在线制作,提出一种正交点电接触标准细棒的微细电极在线测量方法。将电极轴线与标准细棒轴线正交（垂直）布置,通过电极外径与标准细棒外径之间低压电感知的点接触方式,避免或减少标准棒尺寸误差和安装误差的影响。提出采用自穿孔成形伺服反拷法和线电极磨削法组合工艺,并结合在线测量反馈方式,实现了钨材料微细电极较高效率的在线制作,尺寸可控精度可达±1．5μm。     

Micro-pin Electrodes Formation by Micro-Scanning EDM Process

In recent micro-EDM processes various kinds of thin tool manufacturing methods, including the wire electrical discharge grinding (WEDG) have been proposed to satisfy the growing need for very thin tools. This study describes a new thin tool micro-formation by EDM where a rod electrode is driven through the center of a controlled slit formed between two electrically isolated metal plates to provide a critical path for the rod electrode tool during the process. A micro-pin of the desired shape and diameter is obtained, under stable conditions, in a very short time interval.     

线电极电火花磨削技术在微细加工中的应用

介绍了线电极电火花磨削(WEDG)技术的工作原理、主要特点和在不同微细加工技术中的应用,从侧面反映了微细加工技术的发展现状.     

微细轴的电加工技术

针对微细轴的加工问题，分析了当前普遍使用的特种加工方法。分别对线电极磨削、块电极反拷、单脉冲放电、电火花沉积、电解加工和电化学沉积等加工方法在微细轴加工方面的特点进行了归纳，并给出了具有代表性的加工实例。     

电火花摇动加工微细阵列轴和孔的试验研究

针对微细阵列轴和孔的电火花加工,提出了利用数控电火花加工机床摇动功能的摇动加工微细阵列轴和孔的方法.此法是基于电火花反拷贝加工的原理,先用丝电极在薄平板(中间电极)上按要加工的阵列轴和孔间距或数倍间距加工阵列小孔(直径0.1 mm以上),然后用加工的薄平板(中间电极)作电极,电火花摇动加工微细阵列轴(电极),最后用此微细阵列电极加工阵列孔.进行了电火花摇动加工微细阵列电极试验,得到了单电极直径为50 μm、长径比为16的3×3阵列电极,并用此电极在70 μm厚的不锈钢板上加工出单孔直径为70 μm的3×3微细阵列孔.试验结果表明,电火花摇动加工方法可实现微细阵列轴和孔的加工.     

微铣刀制备技术与实验研究

微铣刀制备技术是微细铣削的关键技术之一,对微细铣削加工出的微小零部件的特征尺寸和表面质量有重要影响。从微铣刀具的材料与涂层及其制造工艺两方面,对微铣刀制备技术进行了介绍,并通过线电极电火花磨削方法制备了刀头直径为100μm的微铣刀,初步验证了基于自研μEM-200CDS2微细组合电加工机床开展微铣刀在位制备的能力。     

电火花线切割加工铜钨合金切缝宽度及加工精度影响因素研究

铜钨合金是一种广泛应用于精密及难加工材料电火花成形加工的低损耗电极材料。在窄缝、清棱清角、高纵横比等结构的电极加工中,低速走丝电火花线切割加工较传统加工方法具有一定的优势。通过单因素实验研究了电火花线切割加工参数对铜钨合金粗加工切缝宽度、加工速度及表面粗糙度的影响规律,为实际加工提供理论指导。     

用粒子群模糊神经网络预测绝缘工程陶瓷线电极放电磨削加工效果

在绝缘工程陶瓷线电极放电磨削加工过程中,加工技术指标与各工艺参数间联系密切。在实际加工中,操作者通常根据以往的加工经验设置工艺参数,并对加工结果进行一定的预判。若工艺参数设置不合理,将极大影响机床的加工效率、加工精度和加工能力。为此,以BP模糊神经网络为基础,提出了一种适用于绝缘工程陶瓷线电极放电磨削加工的技术指标效果预测模型,用粗糙集理论对训练样本集进行属性和规则约简,并用改进的粒子群算法优化模糊神经网络。根据优化前后的模型对碳化硼(B₄C)陶瓷加工进行仿真实验对比,发现优化后的模型对技术指标的预测速度快、误差小、精度高。      

Micro Electrochemical Machining of 3D Micro Structure Using Dilute Sulfuric Acid

Micro electrochemical machining (ECM) using ultra short pulses with tens of nanosecond duration is presented. 0.1 M sulfuric acid was used as electrolyte and 3D micro structures were machined on stainless steel. To prevent taper, a disk-type electrode was introduced. Using the disk-type electrode, taper could be eliminated. To improve productivity, multiple electrodes were applied and multiple structures were machined simultaneously. Since the wear of tool electrode is negligible in ECM, micro wire can be used as tool electrode. Using a platinum wire electrode with 10 urn diameter, various 3D features were machined on stainless steel plate.     

Surface Finishing of Micropins Produced by WEDG

This paper presents a new method of surface finishing for micropin products. Precision micropins thinner than ø100 urn can be produced by WEDG (wire electrodischarge grinding). However, the surface quality of the products is not sufficient for applications that require mirrorlike surface and/or a surface without a heat-affected zone. A succession of two processes, WEDG and lapping, is proposed and tested for its feasibility. In order to ensure the control of the lapping conditions, micropins were WEDGed and lapped on the same machine. The wire electrode for WEDG was used as the lapping tool. A smooth, craterless surface with Ra=18 nm was achieved.     

Study of electrical discharge grinding using metal matrix composite electrodes

An investigation was made into the combined technologies of electrical discharge machining and grinding (EDMG). A metal matrix (Cu/SiC_p) electrode with a rotating device was made and employed to study the EDMG technology. It was found that 3–7 times the normal electrical discharge machining (EDM) material removal rate (MRR) could be achieved in EDMG under suitable conditions of electrode rotating speed, SiC_p particle size and current. This novel achievement is attributed to the fact that, under appropriate conditions, the hump-shaped melted material created by the EDM mechanism is vulnerable to attack by the grinding mechanism during the EDMG operation, greatly increasing the removal rate. Conversely, under inappropriate conditions, in which hump-shaped material solidifies prior to the non-conductive ceramic particle grinding, the above function becomes negligible and results in much lower MRR.     

Effect of surface roughness of tool electrode materials in ECDM performance

Electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) is an emerging non-traditional machining process that involves high-temperature melting assisted by accelerated chemical etching. In this study, the tool electrode (200 μm in diameter) is fabricated by wire electrical discharge grinding (WEDG). After the tool electrode is machined, the surface roughness of tool electrode materials (stainless steel, tungsten carbide, and tungsten) is different because of the physical properties. However, the surface roughness affects the wettability on tool electrode, and also changed the coalesce status of gas film in ECDM. Hence, this study explores the wettability and machining characteristics of different tool electrode materials and their impact on gas film formation. Their machining performance and extent of wear under gravity-feed micro-hole drilling are also examined. Experimental results show that the optimal voltage of different tool electrode can shed light on the machining performance. Moreover, wettability of tool electrode is determined by surface roughness of tool material, which in turn affects the coalesce status of gas film, machining stability and micro-hole diameter achieved. In addition, differences in tool material also results in variations in machining speed. Significant tool wear is observed after repeated gravity-feed machining of 50 micro-holes.     

移动热源作用下电火花线切割加工电极丝三维温度场模拟

往复走丝和“中走丝”电火花线切割机床是中国独创的电加工设备,在模具制造等行业发挥着重要作用.由于其电极丝是重复使用的,因此电极丝损耗是普遍存在的问题.在电极丝与工件之间相对运动的情况下,建立了移动热源条件下的电极丝传热模型,通过有限元分析对单脉冲放电条件下电极丝表面温度场进行了三维仿真,发现当走丝速度增加时电极丝熔融区...     

电极丝随动放电切槽技术试验研究

微细电火花线切割加工时电极丝存在难以避免的振动,且振动幅度随着切割工件厚度的增加而变大,这导致加工出现腰鼓形误差,工件加工效率与加工质量也受影响.针对电极丝的振动问题提出一种电极丝随动放电切槽技术,通过顶丝头的导丝孔和导丝槽抑制电极丝振动,利用电极丝放电蚀除工件完成了长度70 mm、直径0.1 mm的半圆截面长通道的加...     

桌面式水平走丝微细电火花线切割机床的研制

利用直径小于80μm电极丝的微细电火花线切割加工技术,可加工出表面粗糙度好、尺寸精度高的微小复杂零件。以加工带有螺旋结构的微小复杂零件为目标,设计了一套桌面式水平走丝微细电火花线切割加工装置,主要包括具有人机界面、任务规划和运动控制的开放式数控系统,走丝平稳、张力可控的分体式水平走丝机构,以及精确可控微小放电能量的纳秒级脉冲电源。     

Investigation of the spark cycle on material removal rate in wire electrical discharge machining of advanced materials

The development of new, advanced engineering materials and the need for precise and flexible prototypes and low-volume production have made the wire electrical discharge machining (EDM) an important manufacturing process to meet such demands. This research investigates the effect of spark on-time duration and spark on-time ratio, two important EDM process parameters, on the material removal rate (MRR) and surface integrity of four types of advanced material: porous metal foams, metal bond diamond grinding wheels, sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets, and carbon–carbon bipolar plates. An experimental procedure was developed. During the wire EDM, five types of constraints on the MRR due to short circuit, wire breakage, machine slide speed limit, and spark on-time upper and lower limits are identified. An envelope of feasible EDM process parameters is generated for each work-material. Applications of such a process envelope to select process parameters for maximum MRR and for machining of micro features are discussed. Results of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis of surface integrity are presented.     

提高电火花磨削加工一致性性的新方法

采用块状工具电极的精密电火花磨削加工法是低刚度轴和微细轴类零件电火花加工的主要方法之一，该方法过去采用的径 给方式。由于是损耗的因素，使得工件的形状和尺寸的一致性不好，且对生产率也有影响。本文采用一种新的块状工具电极的进给方式－切向进给方式，利用伺服进给自动补偿电极损耗，大大地提高了成批加工工件的一致性和生产率。     

微细丝数控电火花线切割加工机床的设计

以加工微小复杂零件为目标,对采用直径0.02 mm的微细电极丝进行数控电火花微精线切割加工技术及工艺研究,开发出了由微细丝走丝系统、细丝导向器和微精加工电源等构成的微细电火花线切割加工系统,研制了具有无电阻防电解电源、高效、高精度、高表面质量的微细丝数控单向走丝电火花线切割机床。     

Probability of precision micro-machining of insulating Si3N4 ceramics by EDM

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is used as a precision machining method for the electrically conductive hard materials with a soft electrode material. But recently we succeeded to machine on insulating material by EDM. The technology is named as an assisting electrode method. The EDMed surface is covered with the electrical conductive layer during discharge. The layer holds the electrical conductivity during discharge. For micro-EDM, the wear of tool electrode becomes lager ratio than the normal machining. So the micro-machining is extremely difficult to get the precision sample.

In this paper to obtain a fine and precise ceramics sample, some trials were carried out considering the EDM conditions, tool electrodes material and assisting electrode materials. Insulating Si₃N₄ ceramics were used for workpiece. The machining properties were estimated by the removal rate and tool wear ratio. To confirm the change of micro-machining process, the discharge waveforms were observed. The micro-machining of the Ø0.05 mm hole could be machined with the commercial sinking electrical discharge machine.     

Ultrasonic and electric discharge machining to deep and small hole on titanium alloy

Being a difficult-to-cut material, titanium alloy suffers poor machinability for most cutting process, let alone the drilling of small and deep holes using traditional machining methods. Although electric discharge machining (EDM) is suitable to handle titanium alloys, it is not ideal for small and deep holes due to titanium alloys’ low heating conductivity and high tenacity. This paper introduces ultrasonic vibration into micro-EDM and analyzes the effect of ultrasonic vibration on the EDM process. A four-axis EDM machine tool which combines ultrasonic and micro-EDM has been developed. A wire electric discharge grinding (WEDG) unit which can fabricate a micro-electrode on-line, as well as a measuring unit, is set up on this equipment. With a cylindrical tool electrode, made of hard carbide, which has high stiffness, a single-side notch was made along the electrode. Ultrasonic vibration is then introduced into the micro-EDM. Experiments have been carried out and results have shown that holes with a diameter of less than Ø0.2 mm and a depth/diameter ratio of more than 15 can be drilled steadily using this equipment and technology.