热处理对TC17(α+β)/TC17(β)线性摩擦焊接头组织及力学性能的影响

针对热处理前后TC17(α+β)/TC17(β)钛合金线性摩擦焊接头组织和性能进行了对比分析. 结果表明,焊态时焊缝区组织发生动态回复和再结晶,两侧的热力影响区组织均被不同程度地拉长,热处理后焊缝中的亚稳相分解析出弥散的α和β相,TC17(α+β)侧热力影响区的初生α相有所长大. 焊态接头焊缝区显微硬度比母材低,接头的抗拉强度和屈服强度略低于母材,分别达到母材的91.9%,96.2%,接头拉伸性能试件断裂位置均在焊缝区;经过热处理,母材显微硬度未发生明显变化,焊缝区显微硬度显著提高,接头抗拉强度和屈服强度达到与母材相当,与焊态相比分别提高11.9%,8.2%,接头拉伸性能试件断于母材区.     

高氧TC4/TC17钛合金线性摩擦焊接头组织特征及力学性能

对高氧TC4/TC17异质钛合金进行线性摩擦焊试验,研究了焊接接头各区域组织特征、焊接界面合金元素扩散行为及力学性能. 结果表明,焊接过程中焊缝区发生了相变及动态再结晶,形成细小的等轴晶粒. 高氧TC4侧焊缝区形成针状马氏体,TC17侧形成亚稳定β相;两侧热力影响区晶粒均发生了破碎,沿着振动方向拉长. 焊后冷却阶段在焊合线附近出现合金元素扩散现象,扩散区域狭窄. 焊缝中心处显微硬度值最高达到420 HV,高氧TC4侧显微硬度随着靠近母材而逐渐降低;TC17侧显微硬度随着远离焊缝中心迅速升高. 拉伸性能测试结果表明,接头抗拉强度与高氧TC4母材相当.     

异质钛合金线性摩擦焊接头微观组织与显微硬度分析

选用优化的工艺参数对TC4/TC17异质钛合金进行线性摩擦焊及测温试验.焊后利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及显微硬度仪等对接头微观组织及显微硬度进行分析.结果表明,线性摩擦焊接过程中界面温度超过1 200℃、超过β相变温度,在焊后冷却过程中发生再结晶,产生细小针状组织.界面混合区再结晶组织有等轴化甚至球化现象.TC4侧热力影响区由被拉长的α相及破碎的β相组成,TC17侧热力影响区的α相和β相被拉长细化.TC4侧热力影响区组织发生应变强化,TC17侧热力影响区靠近焊缝侧发生一定的软化现象,靠近母材侧强化现象明显.     

异质钛合金线性摩擦焊接头微观组织

为了探明TC11与TC17异质钛合金线性摩擦焊接头微观组织形成机制,采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜研究接头不同区域的微观组织.结果表明,线性摩擦焊接头由TC11一侧的热力影响区(TMAZ)、TC11一侧的焊缝区、TC17一侧的焊缝区和TC17一侧的TMAZ所组成.在TMAZ未发现有动态再结晶发生,而材料的相变与变形是同时进行的.在焊缝区内发生了动态再结晶过程,摩擦停止后在摩擦界面上形成初生β共生晶粒.在振幅为3 mm、频率为40 Hz、摩擦压力为66.7 MPa条件下,随着摩擦时间的延长,初生β相动态再结晶晶粒尺寸和α相片层宽度增加.     

TC4钛合金线性摩擦焊接头组织和力学性能

文中阐述了线性摩擦焊的原理、特点,并针对TC4钛合金线性摩擦焊接头组织和力学性能进行了研究.对比分析TC4钛合金线性摩擦焊接头焊态和焊后热处理态的接头组织和力学性能.结果表明,焊接接头共分为母材、热力影响区和焊缝区三部分;TC4钛合金的接头(包括焊态和焊后热处理态)抗拉强度和屈服强度均达到母材的90%以上;焊缝中心的硬度值最高,焊后热处理能使接头的硬度分布更加均匀.     

轨道交通用铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与性能

通过金相组织观察、断口扫描分析、拉伸试验和显微硬度测试等分别研究了6082-T6和5083铝合金搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)接头的微观组织和力学性能.结果表明,接头断面组织可分为焊核区(WN)、热机影响区(TMAZ)、热影响区(HAZ)、母材区(BM)四个区域.焊核区为动态再结晶的细小等轴晶组织;热机影响区为回复晶粒组织,晶粒产生了较大的弯曲变形;在热影响区发生了晶粒粗化现象,晶粒形态与母材相似.两种铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的拉伸断口均呈韧性断裂特征,接头断裂位置为热影响区的前进侧,表明热影响区为接头最薄弱的区域.力学性能测试表明,6082和5083铝合金接头的抗拉强度分别为242 MPa和301.6 MPa,分别达到母材本身抗拉强度的76.8％和88.7％;两种接头的显微硬度分布曲线均存在一个最低值,该最低值位于前进侧的热影响区.     

TC17钛合金线性摩擦焊接头组织及力学性能分析

针对固溶时效态TC17钛合金焊态及焊后热处理态线性摩擦焊接头,进行显微组织及力学性能对比分析. 结果表明,焊态时焊缝组织发生了回复与再结晶,由于焊后冷却速度较快,生成了亚稳定β相,焊缝区发生了软化;热力影响区组织沿受力变形方向拉长、细化、交替呈带状分布,加工硬化程度较高,显微硬度明显高于其它区域;热影响区由于二次次生α相基本溶解于亚稳定β相,导致显微硬度显著降低. 经过焊后热处理,亚稳定β相发生时效分解,析出了弥散程度更高的针状次生α相使得焊接区硬度大幅度提高. 由于亚稳定相的生成,焊态接头发生软化,拉伸均断裂在焊缝区,抗拉强度达到母材强度91.8%,断口呈脆性断裂形态;焊后热处理态接头由于二次次生α相的析出,起到弥散强化的作用,拉伸试验均断在母材,断口呈典型韧性断裂形态.     

TC17(α + β)/TC17(β)钛合金线性摩擦焊接头相组成及织构分析

利用电子背散射衍射技术对TC17(α+β)/TC17(β)钛合金线性摩擦焊接头测试并分析,对接头各区域进行相鉴定和织构分析.结果表明,与母材相比,焊态接头两侧热力影响区α相减少,β相增多.由于焊缝区冷却迅速快,焊态焊缝处发生动态再结晶,生成了大量的亚稳定β相晶粒. TC17(β)侧母材及热力影响区的织构分布密度比TC17(α+β)侧强,且焊态焊缝区产生(5 4 6)[■]织构,轧面与(1 1 1)近似平行.经过610℃热处理后,焊缝区亚稳定β相发生分解,形成细小的次生α相和β相.与焊态焊缝相比,热处理后焊缝区晶体稍有转动,焊缝区织构强度较焊态有较大增强,形成(5 5 7)[■]织构.热处理前后的焊缝区晶体取向都存在着ND方向与[1 1 1]靠近,轧面与(111)接近平行的择优取向.     

TC4钛合金搅拌摩擦焊连接组织形貌研究

使用搅拌摩擦焊技术成功地实现了TC4(Ti-6Al-4V)钛合金的有效连接,并对焊接接头组织进行了研究.结合TC4钛合金搅拌摩擦焊的特点,分析了TC4钛合金搅拌摩擦焊接头焊合区的组织形貌及特征.结果表明:TC4钛合金搅拌摩擦焊接头焊合区组织为细密的等轴晶组织,焊接过程中焊缝最大温度并未超过相变温度,且经历了很大的塑性变形.焊缝与母材过渡区域存在大量α/β界面相及界面产物,α/β界面相及界面产物会对接头力学性能造成不良影响,应进行焊后热处理予以消除.     

TC4/TC17线性摩擦焊接头组织及力学性能

针对航空发动机整体叶盘常用的TC4和TC17钛合金开展线性摩擦焊研究,对接头的组织进行了金相和电镜观察,并测量了焊接过程的温度．结果表明,接头分为母材、热力影响区和焊合区三部分,其热力影响区组织只发生了α相和β相沿受力方向的重新排列,焊合区发生了再结晶．温度测量表明,焊接过程的最高温度可达到1270℃,超过了钛合金的β转变温度．拉伸测试表明,在室温和200℃进行拉伸测试时,接头的抗拉强度与TCA母材等强,而在400℃进行测试时,接头抗拉强度能达到TCA-母材的95％．     

热处理对Ti2AlNb线性摩擦焊接头组织与硬度的影响

对Ti₂AlNb合金进行了线性摩擦焊试验以及焊后热处理研究. 着重分析了Ti₂AlNb合金线性摩擦焊接头焊合区,热力影响区的显微组织特点以及组织演变规律,结合焊后热处理,探讨了热处理温度对接头的影响规律. 试验结果表明,采用线性摩擦焊可实现Ti₂AlNb合金可靠连接,接头无微裂纹、孔洞等缺陷. 焊态Ti₂AlNb合金接头的焊合区为亚稳态β组织和极少量的变形α₂相,热力影响区含变形α₂相和O相,以及亚稳态β相. 热处理后,针状O相在亚稳态β相中析出,并随着热处理温度升高(从700 ~ 900 ℃)而长大. 700 ℃热处理后,接头显微硬度明显升高,但随着热处理温度的升高,显微硬度下降.     

Effect of post-weld heat treatment on joint properties of dissimilar friction stir welded 2024-T4 and 7075-T6 aluminum alloys

The effect of post-weld heat treatment on dissimilar friction stir welded AA7075 and AA2024 joints was studied. After welding in constant parameters, solution heat treatment and various aging treatments were given to the welded joints. Microstructural and phase characterizations were done using optical microscope, SEM, FE-SEM, XRD and EDS techniques. Finally, mechanical properties of post-weld heat treated joints were evaluated and compared with as-welded joints. Results show that both 2024-T6 and 7075-T6 post-weld heat treatment procedures considerably improve the mechanical strength of the welded joint, with higher strength obtained for the 7075-T6 procedure, in comparison with the as-welded joint. This is explained by the formation of fine precipitates during the aging process, despite the abnormal grain growth. Fracture occurs at the interface between thermo-mechanical affected zone (TMAZ) and heat affected zone (HAZ) on the retreating side (AA7075) of as-welded joint, while by applying post-weld heat treatment fracture location shifts towards the stir zone (SZ) of the welded joint. Also, for post-weld heat treated samples, fracture surface is predominantly inter-granular, while in as-weld joint, fracture surface is mostly trans-granular. This is explained by dissolution and coarsening of precipitates within grains in post-weld heat treated joints.     

ZL114A铸铝搅拌摩擦焊接头性能

研究了采用不同焊接参数时ZL114A铸铝搅拌摩擦焊接头的金相组织、硬度分布及力学性能。结果表明，ZL114A铸铝的搅拌摩擦焊焊接性良好。焊核区的微观组织是无方向性的、细小的等轴晶粒。细化的硅粒子均匀布满整个焊核区。与粗大的树枝状母材相比，焊核晶粒细小、均匀而致密，没有观察到气孔等缺陷。焊缝区硬度分布较母材稳定，变化范围小。随着焊速增加，硅粒子所占体积比逐渐下降。热一机械影响区晶粒被拉长。接头的力学性能与焊接参数的匹配有关系。采用高焊速及转速与焊速比在3左右，获得的接头抗拉强度可达到母材的91％。焊后经T6热处理，可与同炉热处理母材等强。     

C18000铜合金搅拌摩擦焊接头微观组织与性能

对3.5 mm厚的C18000铜合金板进行搅拌摩擦焊焊接试验. 在焊接速度120 mm/min,转速1 200 r/min工艺下获得无缺陷焊接接头. 在金相显微镜下对接头的宏观形貌、微观组织进行观察,用扫描电镜和透射电镜对母材和搅拌区组织进行观察分析. 结果表明,接头区大致分为母材区、热影响区、热力影响区和搅拌区,搅拌区晶粒细小均匀,热力影响区晶粒沿边界切线方向被拉长;搅拌区Cr₃Si相部分溶解,搅拌区组织中的Cr单质相和Ni₂Si相溶解导致接头硬度和抗拉强度下降. 搅拌区平均硬度为151.4 HV;接头抗拉强度为497 MPa,达到母材的72%;接头电导率下降为35%IACS.     

TC17钛合金嵌入式线性摩擦焊接头组织与性能

针对航空长形整体构件锻造与加工的难题,提出采用嵌入式线性摩擦焊方法进行分段组合制造,采用嵌入式线性摩擦焊技术开展了TC17钛合金试验件的焊接,针对所形成的V形接头,分析了接头塑性流动规律与接头形成机理、组织特征与力学性能.?结果表明,焊接过程中,金属流动规律与普通线性摩擦焊接头有显著区别,高温塑性金属随着楔块的移动逐渐...     

Effect of different pre- and post-weld heat treatments on microstructures and mechanical properties of variable polarity TIG welded AA2219 joints

The microstructures and mechanical properties of 2219 aluminium alloy joints welded by variable polarity TIG welding in four kinds of different heat treatment conditions, namely, with/without pre-/post-weld heat treatment, were analysed and compared. The post-weld artificial aging treatment rendered fine dispersed precipitates (metastable θ′ phase) separate out of weld metal, which made the hardness of weld metal increase by ～20%. Meanwhile, the fracture location of joints during tensile test changed from weld zone to heat affected zone (HAZ). The pre-weld solution treatment reduced the overaging degree of HAZ and a large number of θ′ phase reprecipitated in HAZ after post-weld artificial aging treatment. Intermediate state welding, with pre-weld solution treatment and post-weld artificial aging treatment together, could increase 20% of the hardness of weld zone, increase 11.5% of the hardness of HAZ and increase 20.3% of the tensile strength of joint.     

Internal residual stress measurement on linear friction welding of titanium alloy plates with contour method

The internal residual stress within a TC17 titanium alloy joint welded by linear friction welding (LFW) was measured by the contour method, which is a relatively new and destructive technique to obtain a full map of internal residual stress. The specimen was first cut into two parts; the out-of-plane displacement contour formed by the release of the residual stress was then measured; finally, taking the measured contour of the cut plane as the boundary conditions, a linear elastic finite element analysis was carried out to calculate the corresponding distribution of residual stress normal to the cut plane. The internal stress distribution of the TC17 titanium alloy LFW joint was also analyzed. The results show that the tensile residual stress in the TC17 LFW weld is mainly present within a region about 12 mm from the weld centerline; the peak tensile residual stress occurs at the weld centerline and reaches 360 MPa (about one third of the yield strength of TC17 alloy); within the weld zone of the TC17 LFW weld, the through-thickness stress is not uniform, and the internal stress is larger than that near the top or bottom surface.     

GTi70与TC4异种钛合金材料激光焊缝组织与性能分析

研究了GTi70与TC4异种钛合金材料激光焊接性能,通过接头常温、高温拉伸强度检测,焊缝组织XRD、OM、SEM检测分析,拉伸断口以及剪切断口形貌SEM分析,论证了异种材料的可焊性. 试验结果显示,异种材料接头常温拉伸强度高于GTi70母材,500,600和750 ℃高温拉伸强度高于TC4母材,焊缝拉伸断口、剪切断口均为韧性断裂,两种材料激光焊接性能良好. 脉冲激光焊缝组织更为细小,焊缝热影响区较窄,母材损伤小,焊缝强度与塑性优于连续激光焊缝.